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Final Exam Flash Cards

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1
Q

Why did the kings of England gain more control over religion after the Reformation?

A

Because they split from the Catholic Church and the King of England was the head of the Anglican Church.

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2
Q

Democracy

A

A government that is controlled by the people who live under it.

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3
Q

Republic

A

A country without a monarch.

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4
Q

Magna Carta

A

The great Charter which guaranteed the English people certain civil rights.

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5
Q

Absolute Monarchy

A

A king, queen, or empress with unlimited power.

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6
Q

Divine Rights of Kings

A

Kings who thought that their powers came directly from God.

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7
Q

What types of people were most commonly accused of witchcraft? Why?

A

Women were often accused of Witchcraft because they were responsible of the Original sins.

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8
Q

What was the purpose of the Court Star Chamber?

A

For Charles I to convict, imprison, and fine his enemies.

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9
Q

What was the Reformation?

A

A great religious movement in Europe during the sixteenth century to reform the Roman Catholic Church.

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10
Q

Why did Charles I attempt to rule without Parliament?

A

The reason why Charles I attempted to rule without Parliament was because he believed in the Divine Rights of Kings.

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11
Q

Who did the long Parliament force Charles I to execute?

A

Laud and Strafford.

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12
Q

Who ruled England immediately following the execution of Charles I?

A

Cromwell

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13
Q

What activities were prohibited by the Blue Laws?

A

Christmas, and forbade dancing , gambling, sports, and the theatre.

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14
Q

What was the most important long term effect of the English Civil War?

A

A constitutional monarchy and the bill of rights.

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15
Q

What was the Estates General?

A

The estates General included representatives from the three estates (or social levels) of France. The First Estate was the Clergy, the second estate were the Aristocats, and the third estate was mad up by the Middle class.

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16
Q

Which of the three estates was the most heavily taxed?

A

The third estate.

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17
Q

Why did Louis XVI call the Estates General in 1789?

A

It was to go over debts and he needed money.

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18
Q

Who were the philosophes?

A

Voltaire, Rousseau, and Charles de Montosquieu

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19
Q

Why was the Bastille targeted by the Paris mob?

A

Because it represented the power of the King and it was believed to hold political prisoners.

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20
Q

Tennis Court Oath

A

A royal court in which people had no legal rights.

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21
Q

Girondists

A

People who wanted sweeping changes in government, though they were viewed to conservative by some revolutionaries.

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22
Q

Jacobin

A

People who were responsible for the region of terror and were radical.

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23
Q

Sans-culottes

A

The Sans Culottes were mostly poor people from Paris and larger cities.

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24
Q

Louis XVI

A

He was the absolute monarch of France and believed in France.

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25
Q

Marie Antoinette

A

She was the wife of Louis XVI, she was from Prussia and got involved in running France and was unlinked by many people.

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26
Q

Robespierre

A

He helped lead the revolution and was the leader of The Terror.

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27
Q

What fate did each of the three people listed above share:

A

They were all guillotine

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28
Q

The Directory

A

It was the new government which replaced Robespierre and was controlled by the middle class.

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29
Q

Define nationalism. Why can it be potentially dangerous?

A

The definition of Nationalism is the belief that ones own country is the best country. It could be potentially dangerous because people who come in could be supporting the bad things the country is doing.

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30
Q

How did Napoleon gain control of France?

A

He was the popular general in charge of the Army.

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31
Q

What was the purpose of the Continental system?

A

The purpose of the Continental system was to block the trading with Great Britain.

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32
Q

Why did Napoleon’s invasion of Russia fail?

A

The reason why Napoleon’s invasion to Russia failed, was because there were long supply lines and they were not prepared for the Russian winter.

33
Q

Where was Napoleon finally defeated?

A

Napoleon was finally defeated in, The battle of Waterloo.

34
Q

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

A

Great Britain

35
Q

Why did it begin here?

A

The reason why the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain was because there was large supply of labour, the government supported the business, people had money to invest, the government encouraged research and the inventions, and there was raw materials were available – mainly COAL.

36
Q

How did the Agricultural Revolution and enclosure movement contribute to the start of the Industrial Revolution?

A

The Agricultural Revolution contributed to the start of the Industrial Revolution by producing more food which allowed more people to move into cities and work in factories. The enclosure movement contributed to the start of the Industrial Revolution by supplying labor for the factory which forced people out of the country side and move into cities to find work.

37
Q

The first industry to benefit from the Industrial Revolution was

A

Minding Coal.

38
Q

Explain how each of the following new power sources changed the nature of industry:
Steam Power –
Internal combustion engine

A

Steam Power – To pump water out of coal mines and to make steam engines for trains
Internal combustion engine – Transportation

39
Q

Describe the working conditions in factories and mines.

A

The working conditions in factories were horrible. Workers were forced to work long hours and received very low wages, some coal dust could be toxic and could lead to “Black Lung.” As well as children also worked in factory’s and these horrible conditions.

40
Q

Why was Child Labor commonly used?

A

Child labor was commonly used because they had no other choice, education was not mandatory or even an option, and families needed all members working because low wages were so low.

41
Q

What negative impacts did this work have on children?

A

The negative impact on the children were they were exposed to pollution, textile fibres got into lungs, factory noises could be deafening, they lost wages for poor quality food, forced to work overtime hours, many were beaten and mistreated, many workers’ growth was stunted and deformities were common.

42
Q

What was the Climate, Topography, and Vegetation of the Great Lakes/ St Lawrance Lowland

A

Climate:

  • Humid
  • Winters from cool to cold
  • Summer’s from warm to hot

Topography:
- Flat plains with some higher spots when getting close to surrounding regions (Canadian Shield and Appalachians)

Vegetation:

  • Fertile Soil
  • Deciduous and conifer trees
43
Q

What was the Climate, Topography, and Vegetation of the Interior Plains

A

Climate:

  • A climate of extremes
  • Long, hot summers
  • Cold winters
  • Little precipitation
  • Northern part colder and longer winter, shorter and cooler summers.

Topography:

  • Plains
  • Rolling hills
  • Deep river valleys
  • Great Plains higher than the Central Lowland
  • 600 to 1500m above sea level

Vegetation:

  • Deciduous trees
  • Evergreens
  • Prairie Grasses
  • Boreal Forests
  • Tundra in North
44
Q

What was the Climate, Topography, and Vegetation of the West Cordillera?

A

Climate:

  • West coast has a maritime climate
  • West coast is mild and moist
  • Winters usually above freezing
  • Summer’s cooler than interior

Topography:

  • High mountains
  • Mainly mountain ranges
  • Many rivers

Vegetation:

  • Windward side has evergreens
  • Leeward side grasses and cactuses
45
Q

What was the Climate, Topography, and Vegetation of the Artic

A

Climate:

  • Winter lasts 10 months
  • Summer very short
  • Little Precipitation

Topography:
- Lowlands and mountains

Vegetation:

  • Lichen
  • Small shrubs
  • Mosses
46
Q

How do scientists believe the First Nations people came to North America?

A

Scientists believe the First Nations people came to North America over the Bering Strait.

47
Q

What does matrilocal mean?

A

When a man and a woman marry, they go to live with the woman’s extended family.

48
Q

What does patrilocal mean?

A

When a woman and man marry, they go to live with the man’s extended family.

49
Q

What is a potlatch and which First Nations group holds them?

A

A potlatch is a giving ceremony to gain status, and the First Nation group who held them was the West Coast or to be specific the Haida.

50
Q 
What is the main food source of each of the following First Nations groups? 
	Plains People   
	Northwest Coast
	Inuit 
	Iroquois
A

Plains People – Buffalo
Northwest Coast – Fish/Salmon
Inuit – Seal/Caribou
Iroquois – The three sisters/Corn, beans and squash

51
Q

What homogeneous features are shared by most First Nations cultural groups?

A

The homogenous features that were shared by most First Nations cultural groups, were that…..
They all have origin stories
Elders are respected and treated as advisors
They hunt and gather and have a great respect for nature

52
Q

Which parts of North America did the Vikings explore?

A

Northern Newfoundland.

53
Q

Identify the main reasons why Europeans find in North America?

A

Looking for a short route to India and China.

54
Q

Which two valuable resources did early Europeans find in North America?

A

Furs, beaver hats, and Fishes.

55
Q

What lad did each man explore behalf on?

A

John Cabot - Newfoundland
Jaques Cartier - France
Samuel de Champlain- France

56
Q

What land/ areas did each man explore?

A

John Cabot - Newfoundland
Jaques Cartier - Prince Edward Island, Gaspe Peninsula, Labrador, New Found Land, and New Brunswick.
Samuel de Champlain- Quebec amd Nova Scotia

57
Q

What were each mans First Nations Allies

A

John Cabot - Nobody
Jaques Cartier - The Iroquois
Samuel de Champlain- Algonkians amd Montagnais

58
Q

What were each mans successes?

A

John Cabot - He claimed New Found Land for the British
Jaques Cartier - He claimed land for France.
Samuel de Champlain - He enlarged French settlements and influenced in New France.

59
Q

What were each mans failures?

A

John Cabot - He did not find the riches of Asia
Jaques Cartier - He made enemies with the Iroquois and did not find the golds and diamonds he promise he’d find.
Samuel de Champlain- He made the Iroquois an enemy of France.

60
Q

The first permanent and lasting settlement established in Canada:

A

The first permanent and lasting settlement established in Canada was L’anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland.

61
Q

Who were the Coureurs du Bois?

A

The coureurs du bois were the independent fur traders of the fur business.

62
Q

Why were beaver furs in demand in Europe?

A

The reason why the beaver furs were in demand in Europe was because of the Hats and they were very popular.

63
Q

Who were the Jesuits and what impact did they have on First Nations people?

A

The Jesuits were Roman Catholic priests and were the partners of the Company of A Hundred. The impact on the First Nations people were that they were introduced to the Christian faith and lead many into a more European cultural view.

64
Q

Why did the British expel the Acadians in 1755?

A

They refused to swear loyalty, and the removal of the Acadian people made it possible for New England settlers to move into their abandoned farm lands.

65
Q

Who led the French Military during the Seven Years’ War?

A

General Montcalm

66
Q

Who led the British military during the Seven Years’ War?

A

General Wolfe

67
Q

Why did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 anger the American colonists?

A

The reason why the Royal Proclamation of 1763 angered the American colonists was because it guaranteed land west of the Appalachian Mountains to First Nations

68
Q

What was the main goal of the Royal Proclamation of 1763?

A

The main goal of the Royal proclamation of 1763 was to guarantee land west of the Appalachian Mountains to the First Nations, and to keep the First Nations happy and loyal to Britain.

69
Q

Why did the Quebec Act (1774) anger the American colonists?

A

The reason why the Quebec act angered the American colonists in 1774 was because Quebec expanded their land.

70
Q

What was the main goal of the Quebec Act (1774)?

A

To keep the French loyal to England/ British

71
Q

What was the Stamp Act and why was it introduced?

A

The stamp act was a law that all legal documents and newspapers had to be stamped at a cost ranging from one cent to several dollars. The reason why it was introduced was because it was to generate tax money for the British.

72
Q

What was the Boston Tea Party?

A

The Boston tea party was where the British Americans objected the fact they had to pay tax for tea, which then lead them going on a British ship that was full of tea and dumping it all over board.

73
Q

What was the Declaration of Independence?

A

The Declaration of Independence was where the American colonies declared their independence from Great Britain.

74
Q

Who were the Loyalists?

A

People who were still loyal to Britain

75
Q

How were they treated during the American Revolution?

A

The loyalists were treated very poorly during the American Revolution. Many of their homes were burnt down and were forced to leave.

76
Q

What impact did the arrival of the Loyalists have on British North America?

A

The British North Americans in Quebec were French, and once the United Empire showed up, it became part French and part English, which was the beginning of English Canada

77
Q

Who led the British military during the War of 1812?

A

General Brock

78
Q

What was the long term impact of the War of 1812?

A

The United States did not have control over Canada and candy became its own country.

Social Studies (1 decks)

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