Final Exam (Excluding Midterm 1) Flashcards
Diatia
Arbitration
In private arbitration, the two parties would agree on a judge and had to agree that whatever verdict the judge gave would be final.
In public arbitration, the two parties would go to their magistrate or demarch (head of the deme) and a public arbitrator would be assigned to them. Anyone could watch a public arbitration and the verdict of the arbitrator was not final and the two parties could go to court anyways. When a verdict was made, the arbitrator would give his decision to the tribe judge that assigned him.
What happened in 403/2?
This was the year the Athenian constitution was reaffirmed.
This is also the year in which the 30 tyrants were expelled from Athens.
Paragraphe as a procedure was added to the Athenian constitution
What are Tribe Judges?
Judges within a tribe (there were 10 tribes). They would assign public arbitrators to you. If the dispute was minor, the judge would handle it himself.
Tribe judges only looked after disputes between Athenian citizens. ANy disputes with Metics went to the Polemarch.
Tribe judges also did not look over cases regarding inheritance and orphans, those went to the arkhon.
Who/What were the 40?
The 40 was a group of tribe judges (4 from each tribe) that originally travelled around Attike but later stayed in their own tribe.
What is an Eisangelia?
It is a proclamation to a higher body (like the ekklesia or Boule) against a public servant (someone currently in office).
Can be thought of as an impeachment. Essentially, someone in office did something bad, so someone launches an eisangelia case to get them out.
Could be launched for something bad not necessarily written in the laws (like defacing religious statues)
What is Diamartyria?
A witness (mainly used in inheritance cases)
It is a formal assertion of fact by a witness
What is amnesty, and why did the Athenians do it?
Amnesty literally means “no memory”. It was enacted after the reign of the 30 tyrants and said that people would not be charged for crimes they may have committed under the reign of the 30 or during the revolution. It was meant to be a clean slate.
Oikos
The household
What is Miasma
Miasma is pollution or a stain (not literally). Created when someone dies and the household must be cleaned or purified before being integrated back into the city.
What is Katharsis?
A “sweeping away”. It is a ritual that purifies the household of miasma. It is a religious word with religious aspects.
What happened in 409/8
The Athenians reaffirmed their commitment to Drakon’s homicide laws.
What were the homicide courts in Athens.
The Palladion, Areopagus, Delphinion, and Prytaneion.
What is a prodikasia?
A Pre-trial (used in homicide cases). Used to determine which of the 4 homicide courts would hear the trial.
What kinds of cases were heard in the Palladion?
Unintentional homicide, bouleusis of unintentional homicide, killing a foreigner, and killing a slave.
The Palladion itself was a temple of Athene
What kinds of cases were heard in the Delphinion?
Cases regarding lawful killing. (accidentally killing someone in sports competition, accidentally killing someone (on your own side) in battle, a patient dying under a doctors care, or killing a home intruder/someone who slept with your wife).
The Delphinion was a temple of Apollo
What kinds of cases went to the Areopagos?
Intentional homicide. These are the most serious of homicide cases and the jury would consist of exclusively ex-archons (100-200 men)
What is classified as intentional homicide?
Planning to kill someone, actually killing someone, or someone dying as a result of your actions were all considered intentional homicide.
What is Bouleusis?
The planning of a homicide
What kind of cases were heard in the Prytaneion?
Homicide cases where the killer is unknown or not human. If a tile fell off a roof and killed someone, it would be tried in the Prytaneion.
There was no such thing as a natural death. Something always caused a death and it is the responsibility of the family to find out what.
What was Kerameikos?
The Athenians communal burial ground
What is Liturgy?
Payments made by wealthy Athenians that funded important public aspects of the city. Funding included choruses, festivals, ownership of a trireme, etc.
What is a khoregos?
A chorus producer (another form of liturgy)
What is the Thargelia?
A festival in the early summer in honour of Apollo.
Who is Philokrates?
Philokrates is the brother of the chorister who died in Antiphon 6. He claims the speaker in Antiphon 6 gave his brother a potion which killed him.
What is politeia?
Generally translated as constitution or law. Can also be translated as the “city-stateness” of a city-state or rather, how a city state does things.
What is Agathos?
Agathos is moral goodness. Many aristocrats believed they had natural agathos because they were born wealthy.
Similar to Agathos, what is Gennaios?
Gennaios is noble.
What is Chrestos (plural is Chrestoi)
Respectability.
What is Poneros (plural is Poneroi)
The poor. Opposite of respectful. Referred to as being wretched and having failed virtues.
What is kakos?
Kakos is simply something that is bad.
What is a kyrios?
A man looking over a woman or child.
What is Hybris?
It does not have a clear definition. Broadly, it is an ego crime. You believe you are above someone or a group and act as though you are better than everyone.
What is Kakegoria?
Slander. Literally translated as “saying bad things in public”
What is Ho Boulomenos?
“Anyone who wants to”. It is the legal idea that anyone willing to, can launch a case against someone for some sort of public action they did.
What is Atimia?
Disenfranchisement. Depriving someone of their citizen rights. They may still live in Athens but they cannot participate in citizen activities like the ekklesia or boule. A woman form of atimia meant she could not attend public festivals or wear jewelry in public.
What is Agonism
An idea in ancient Greece that you must harm your enemies in any way possible
Who is Philoneos?
Philoneos is a friend of the speakers father in Antiphon 1. He was killed by a potion his concubine put in his drink that later killed the speakers father as well.
What is a pallake?
A woman kept in the house that lives with the person and keeps them company but is not their wife. Essentially, a concubine.
What is a libation?
A liquid offering to a god. Most common was wine or olive oil.
What is To Eikos?
Arguing from likelihood. Frowned upon in certain courts as there is no actual fact in these arguments, just speculation.
Who is Herodes?
Herodes was the man killed in Antiphon 5
Who is Euxitheos?
Euxitheos is the speaker in Antiphon 5 and is accused of killing Herodes
What is the crime of Kakourgia? What is a kakourgos?
Kakourgia is simply wrongdoing. Kakouriga typically involves crimes relating to slavers, thievers, and burglars. Taking stuff that isn’t yours. A Kakourgos is a felon.
What is Probole?
It is an accusation. Translates to “putting forward”. Typically used for bad actions done at festivals. The ekklesia would hear it the next day and vote on whether the action was wrong or not. The vote itself held no weight and the case could be tried in the courts afterwards no matter the verdict.
What is asebeia?
Impiety. It is considered a graphe case. Typically refers to lack of respect towards the gods but could also mean lack of respect to parents as well.
Wrongdoings towards the gods
What is Polis Religion?
The relationship between the city and the gods and steps the city takes to maintain that relationship
What is Ta Ton Theon
“The things of the gods” A broad term for religion as the Greeks didn’t have a concrete word for it.
What is blabe
harm/damages related to property
What is open texture?
A term in legal theory. Essentially, laws must be interpreted and they may be interpreted in many different ways.
What is a Meirakion?
A young boy prior to reaching puberty (15-18)
What is a pais?
An ambiguos term that could mean you are someones child or slave
What is Trauma Ek Pronoias
Intentional wounding. It is a category of assault and always deals with assault with a weapon.
What is Aikeia?
Battery (assault without a weapon)
What is a proklesis?
A challenge or “calling out”
