Final Exam (definitions and artists) Flashcards
Pieta
a picture of a sculpture of the Virgin Mary holding the dead body of Jesus Christ on her lap or in her arms
- made with marble
- Michelangelo
- during the renaissance
Vitruvian
a symbol of harmony, a canon of proportions and the epitome of perfection
Chiaroscuro
the use of strong contrast between light and dark, usually bold contrast affecting a whole composition (evokes drama and mystery)
Period eye
emphasized the culture constructed of vision, characterized a set of viewing norms, and charts the manner in which artists responded to these norms on their work
Basilican Structure
a large structure with multiple functions that were typically built alongside the towns forum –> a rectangular base that was split into aisles by the columns and covered by a roof
Villa Rotondo
Architect: Andrea Palladio
- countryside residence
- neoclassical architecture
-proportions and innovative techniques to stem ideas of measurement, circle, and square. when publishes his work he talks about these ideas to circulate them globably
Art Genres
- Portraiture
- Genre
- Landscape/Seascape
- Still life
- History Painting
Fresco
the idea oil paint can be rubbed into net plaster in the wall, mixed with the plaster
Rococo
period best defined by its association to frivolity, play and lavishness
- 1714-1774
Boiserie
wood panelling
- rococo period
- decorative/interior
Rococo Salons
Known for their elaborate detail. serpentine work, asymmetry and predisposition to lighter, pastel, and gold-based colour palettes
Impressionist Salon
Where people had gatherings, where people met, socialized, and social class (accepted class). if you made it to the salon, you were ‘popular’
- “The Pals Club”
Salon des Refuse
Exhibition in Paris that presented art pieces that were rejected from the Salon. Became their own exhibition
- Avant-garde
Neo-classism
Renew interest in the classical and renaissance past, led to classical revival of art and architecture
- a revival of the many styles and spirits of classical antiquity inspired directly from the classical period
- an aesthetic attitude based on the art of Greece and Rome antiquity, which evokes hamony, clarity, restraint, universality, and idealism
Cuvillean
designs that brought textiles and paint colours to decide ti make it look like an ensemble
- rococo period
Romanticism
A movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectively, and primary of the individual
- sublime
- period that tries to evoke emotion
Positivism
a philosophical system that believes that everyday rationally justifiable assertion can be scientifically verified or is capable of logical or mathematical proof, and therefore rejected metaphysics and theism
- object analysis
- underlying framework for realism
Daguerrotype/Daguerrotypmani
direct positive process, creating a highly detailed image on a sheet of copper plate with a thick coat of silver without a negative
- realism period
- original type of photography
- everything is in focus
Impressionism
diverse individuals, united in a similar style
- used the way they painted as a feature of the painting
- Sense of leisure
- Renoir, Monet,. Degas
Post-impressionism
a genre of painting that rejected the naturalism of impressionism (in favour of using colour and form in more expressive manner)
Bauchaus
- Le Corbusier
- Primary Colours
- Abstract art
- Felt they did not need to understand the history of art
Pilotje (Pilots)
they are columns, used for support
- renaissance period
- neoclassicism and modern architecture
Ashcan School
New York early 1900s
- New possibilities for American identity in art
- needlepoint, silhouettes, basketry
- Realism, urban, subject matter
Work Progress Administration (WPA)
Made in the 19th century to support American Artists
- first time artists go paid as professionals
- Between the wars
- American Scene
American Scene
Edward Hopper
- umbrella term for social American realism
- Naturalist style of painting
ficuses on working class and poor
Istoria (Historia)
Greek word for learning through research
- accumulated knowledge to make a point or tell a story
Michelangelo
he believed the human image was the most powerful vehicle of human expression gave him a sense of kinship
- he admired Giotto, Masaccio, Dantello
- idea of perfection; to access, educate and portray perfection
- he worked in many media, sculpture, architect, painter, and poet
Leonardo de Vinci
“The Renaissance Man”
- Fame was built on his technical skills and fascination with the natural and human phenomena
- Engineer - basing off of things he saw
- believed his eyes were the instruments for viewing the world
- “became greater after fame”
Raphael
Technical Brilliance, intelligence approach and dialogue
- interested in what others where doing and using that to build his own work
- Renaissance high art
- Successful in overseeing very successful workshop
Micheal Baxondall
- The period eye
- Considering context in which art was made and how everyone mayb have a different perspective of arts stemming from different backgrounds
Erwin Panofsky
Three levels of interpretation:
- Primary or natural subject: idea of looking at an object and understanding it
- Iconography:
- Aboutness: works applied to the object to understand what it is about
- Ofness: what it is of: what is the object made of
- Iconology (personal, technical, and cultural history): what are some of the hidden meanings
Nicholas Poussin
Idea of the drawing itself, the details
- Rational
- Often architecture in background (framed it, gave it more rationality)
Jean-Antoine Watteau
Considered the greatest of all Rubinistes
- fantasy and elegant figures
- Fete Galante: outdoor entertainment or rural festival, especially as depicted in 18th century french painting
Peter Paul Rubins
More about passion and colour
Jean-Honore Fragonard
- Rococo period
- Painting the swing (Frivolity, Fun, and Leisure)
Gustave Courbet
- One of the primary figures of the realist movement
- Independent style
- Intentionally moves away from traditional high art or historical paintings
- Thinks about different topics – ex: less than elite
- Value of portraying images of the daily life activity
Gustave Courbet, Burial at Ornans, 1850-1851, 3x6m
- His imagery: death in a small village
- Ignore the visual depth of earlier works (everyone is blended together; they are a group that are together – no different level)
- Size (large piece for an everyday life scene!)
- No particular narrative to it (not a historical scene, not based on myth/legend, etc.) – it is just about a funeral
- Fine pieces around ‘peasant life’
John Ruskin
- Proponent of the arts and crafts movement, craftsmanship scholar, art critic
- Thought photography was the best way to capture truth and reality
- Ideas of realism – photography is a great invention!
Edouard Manet
- Classical and pastoral subject matter
- Luncheon on the Grass, based on a Renaissance painting
- Outraged and paintings needed to be guarded from individuals wanting to ruin it
- Shadier part of life that no one wanted to be reminded of
- Glorified prostitution/nudity
- Considered “childish”, “unskilled”, “untrained”
William Morris
influential in design and architecture
- Interested in quality design
- Maker to consumer
- Mostly known for mission style of the arts and crafts movement
Paul Cezanne
Depicts modern vision of Bacchanal (orgy, drinking, sex, etc) - occasional of the wild and drunk rivalry
- The battle of Love
George Seuret
- Pointillism
- Painted the mixing of the classes
- Para suburbs
Diego Rivera
- Often commissioned from the new Mexican Government and the capitalists in the USA
- Created the Man at the Crossroads to which it was destroyed due to the controversial centre focus of Lenin
David Siqueros
- Focused on the Spanish Civil War
- His work appeared chaotic but he has intention with every aspect
Frida Khola
- Married Diego Rivera
- Created a series of self portraits reflecting her life, including her tragic accident, depicting her pain, love, and Mexican heritage
Dorothea Lange
- Migrant mother, 1936
- Federal farm admiration
- How it affected farmers
- Convey more force
Claude Monet
- La Boulevard des Capucines
- Capturing a scene of the street people, the new paris, people are strolling and enjoying leisure time -> more alive
- Gives birth to the idea of impressionism
- Monet avoids using black
- Reflects influenced by its paintings
Vincent Van Gogh
Desire life for both spiritually fulfilling and socially insightful
- experiences the idea of impressionism and neoimpressionism
- develops a bright palette and uses it in his own brushwork
Vincent Van Gogh, Starry Night, 1889
- Homes of plain, ordinary people
- Heavy brushstrokes
- Links earth with the transcendental (spirituality and reality on Earth)
Paul Gauguin
Rejecting the idea of mass consumption, factory work, consumerism
Desire to escape this world was one of the most radical of any other artists of this time period
Packed up and left his life as a stockbroker to be a painter (wants to leave consumerism)
Paul Gauguin, Vision after the Sermon, 1888
- Red, blue, black, and white
- Jacob wrestling an angel
- Borrows figured from Japanese art (2-dimensional picture plane)
Frank Lloyd Wright
- Form and function together (interested in the aesthetics of their design)
- Interested in connection between producer and consumer
- Connection to nature (inside to outside)
- Did NOT reject industrial/machinery – he welcomed it
Henry Hobbs Richardson
Marshall Field wholesale Store, 1885-87, Chicago
- Influenced by Chicago School
Windows get smaller at they go up, illusion to make the building look taller
Inspired by the Medici Palace (stone on Stone)
Le Corbusier
Known for using pilotji (pilons)
- Part of the radiant city movement –> reconstructed after war
- Prioritized equity through his architecture
