Final Exam (Cumulative) Flashcards
What causes earthquakes (aftershocks,
foreshocks)
Plate tectonics
What causes a Tsunami
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, space object impacts, landslides
What causes Volcanic eruptions
Earth cooling, plate tectonics
What causes Mass Wasting (types: landslides, slumps, slurries, creep, sediment flows,
debris flow, earthflows, lahar, solifluction, volcanic debris avalanche, rock fall)
GRAVITY, earthquakes, volcanism, inundation/extreme precipitation
What causes Severe Weather & Storms (lightning, thunderstorms, downbursts)
Atmospheric air circulation, air mass
sources, warm ocean water, low
pressure systems
What causes Tornados & Waterspouts
Large temperature/humidity differences in atmosphere
What causes Hurricanes & tropical storms
Atmospheric air circulation, warm ocean water evaporation, Coriolis effect & shear winds
What causes floods
Heavy rains, storm surges, impermeable surfaces (reduced infiltration), snow & ice melt, failed levees and dams
What causes drought
Atmospheric air circulation, air mass sources, high pressure systems
What causes wildfires
lightning, humans, climate change
(drought)
What causes Asteroid/Comet Impacts
Space objects gravitationally attracted to Earth
What causes Extinctions
CLIMATE CHANGE: Space object impacts, volcanism, ozone layer depletion, clathrate release, supernova, sea level change, plate
tectonics, change in ocean circulation, new plants, disease, procreation problems (egg
shells/fertility), food competition, predation
What causes Population Growth
Human innovations, high birth rate, low death rate
What causes Clathrate Releases
Global Warming
What causes Pandemics
Evolution of infectious agents
What causes Geomagnetic Reversal/Pole Shift
Natural magnetic shield processes
What causes Solar Flares/Storms/ CMEs
Natural part of star processes releasing
energy
What causes Supernova & Gamma Ray Burst
Star Death
What causes Planet Death
Star Death &/or galaxy collision
What are the effects/associated hazards of Earthquakes (aftershocks, foreshocks)
ground shaking, liquefaction, seiches, tsunami, landslides, ground subsidence, fire
What are the effects/associated hazards of Tsunamis
Flooding, mass wasting, erosion, deposition
What are the effects/associated hazards of Volcanic eruptions
flood basalts, earthquakes, tsunamis, lava flow, lava dome, volcanic debris avalanche, pyroclastic ash cloud, ash fall, volcanic bombs, pyroclastic flow, lahar, fumaroles, acidification, limnic eruption, global climate change
What are the effects/associated hazards of Mass Wasting (types: landslides, slumps, slurries, creep, sediment flows, debris flow, earthflows, lahar, solifluction, volcanic debris avalanche, rock fall)
Fire, vegetation removal, earthquakes, heavy rains, liquefaction, over steepening, deposition, erosion, subsidence
What are the effects/associated hazards of Severe Weather & Storms (lightning, thunderstorms, downbursts)
Fire, precipitation, hail, flooding, winds, lightning, tornados, waterspouts
What are the effects/associated hazards of Tornados & Waterspouts
Winds, rainfall, flooding, hail, flying debris
What are the effects/associated hazards of Hurricanes & tropical storms
Wind, rainfall, flooding (storm surge), tornadoes, waterspouts
What are the effects/associated hazards of Floods
Erosion, deposition, can occur quickly or slowly, mass wasting
What are the effects/associated hazards of Drought
Wildfires, water shortages, famine, heat waves
What are the effects/associated hazards of Wildfires
Mass wasting & erosion
What are the effects/associated hazards of Asteroid/Comet Impacts
Dust & steam, sum dimming, fire, acid rain, tsunamis, decrease in oxygen levels in seawater, severe storms, hypothetical hypercanes, ozone layer destruction, short-term global warming, long-term global cooling, earthquakes
What are the effects/associated hazards of Extinctions
Ecosystem collapse, climate change
What are the effects/associated hazards of Population Growth
Increased pollution, change in atmospheric composition, war, famine, epidemics & pandemics, genocide, carrying capacity, environmental collapse, possible extinction
What are the effects/associated hazards of Clathrate Releases
Tsunamis, atmospheric warming, fire balls in the atmosphere
What are the effects/associated hazards of Pandemics
Death and extinction
What are the effects/associated hazards of Geomagnetic Reversal/Pole Shift
Solar radiation exposure
What are the effects/associated hazards of Solar Flares/Storms/ CMEs
Low latitude auroras, exposure to high radiation, damage/destruction of satellites/electric grid, damage to electronic data & storage
What are the effects/associated hazards of Supernova & Gamma Ray Burst
Huge amounts of radiation, ozone layer depletion, mass extinction
What are the effects/associated hazards of Planet Death
Mass extinction
