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Geology Exams > Final Exam (Cumulative) > Flashcards

Final Exam (Cumulative) Flashcards

1
Q

What causes earthquakes (aftershocks,
foreshocks)

A

Plate tectonics

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2
Q

What causes a Tsunami

A

earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, space object impacts, landslides

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3
Q

What causes Volcanic eruptions

A

Earth cooling, plate tectonics

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4
Q

What causes Mass Wasting (types: landslides, slumps, slurries, creep, sediment flows,
debris flow, earthflows, lahar, solifluction, volcanic debris avalanche, rock fall)

A

GRAVITY, earthquakes, volcanism, inundation/extreme precipitation

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5
Q

What causes Severe Weather & Storms (lightning, thunderstorms, downbursts)

A

Atmospheric air circulation, air mass
sources, warm ocean water, low
pressure systems

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6
Q

What causes Tornados & Waterspouts

A

Large temperature/humidity differences in atmosphere

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7
Q

What causes Hurricanes & tropical storms

A

Atmospheric air circulation, warm ocean water evaporation, Coriolis effect & shear winds

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8
Q

What causes floods

A

Heavy rains, storm surges, impermeable surfaces (reduced infiltration), snow & ice melt, failed levees and dams

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9
Q

What causes drought

A

Atmospheric air circulation, air mass sources, high pressure systems

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10
Q

What causes wildfires

A

lightning, humans, climate change
(drought)

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11
Q

What causes Asteroid/Comet Impacts

A

Space objects gravitationally attracted to Earth

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12
Q

What causes Extinctions

A

CLIMATE CHANGE: Space object impacts, volcanism, ozone layer depletion, clathrate release, supernova, sea level change, plate
tectonics, change in ocean circulation, new plants, disease, procreation problems (egg
shells/fertility), food competition, predation

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13
Q

What causes Population Growth

A

Human innovations, high birth rate, low death rate

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14
Q

What causes Clathrate Releases

A

Global Warming

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15
Q

What causes Pandemics

A

Evolution of infectious agents

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16
Q

What causes Geomagnetic Reversal/Pole Shift

A

Natural magnetic shield processes

17
Q

What causes Solar Flares/Storms/ CMEs

A

Natural part of star processes releasing
energy

18
Q

What causes Supernova & Gamma Ray Burst

A

Star Death

19
Q

What causes Planet Death

A

Star Death &/or galaxy collision

20
Q

What are the effects/associated hazards of Earthquakes (aftershocks, foreshocks)

A

ground shaking, liquefaction, seiches, tsunami, landslides, ground subsidence, fire

21
Q

What are the effects/associated hazards of Tsunamis

A

Flooding, mass wasting, erosion, deposition

22
Q

What are the effects/associated hazards of Volcanic eruptions

A

flood basalts, earthquakes, tsunamis, lava flow, lava dome, volcanic debris avalanche, pyroclastic ash cloud, ash fall, volcanic bombs, pyroclastic flow, lahar, fumaroles, acidification, limnic eruption, global climate change

23
Q

What are the effects/associated hazards of Mass Wasting (types: landslides, slumps, slurries, creep, sediment flows, debris flow, earthflows, lahar, solifluction, volcanic debris avalanche, rock fall)

A

Fire, vegetation removal, earthquakes, heavy rains, liquefaction, over steepening, deposition, erosion, subsidence

24
Q

What are the effects/associated hazards of Severe Weather & Storms (lightning, thunderstorms, downbursts)

A

Fire, precipitation, hail, flooding, winds, lightning, tornados, waterspouts

25
Q

What are the effects/associated hazards of Tornados & Waterspouts

A

Winds, rainfall, flooding, hail, flying debris

26
Q

What are the effects/associated hazards of Hurricanes & tropical storms

A

Wind, rainfall, flooding (storm surge), tornadoes, waterspouts

27
Q

What are the effects/associated hazards of Floods

A

Erosion, deposition, can occur quickly or slowly, mass wasting

28
Q

What are the effects/associated hazards of Drought

A

Wildfires, water shortages, famine, heat waves

29
Q

What are the effects/associated hazards of Wildfires

A

Mass wasting & erosion

30
Q

What are the effects/associated hazards of Asteroid/Comet Impacts

A

Dust & steam, sum dimming, fire, acid rain, tsunamis, decrease in oxygen levels in seawater, severe storms, hypothetical hypercanes, ozone layer destruction, short-term global warming, long-term global cooling, earthquakes

31
Q

What are the effects/associated hazards of Extinctions

A

Ecosystem collapse, climate change

32
Q

What are the effects/associated hazards of Population Growth

A

Increased pollution, change in atmospheric composition, war, famine, epidemics & pandemics, genocide, carrying capacity, environmental collapse, possible extinction

33
Q

What are the effects/associated hazards of Clathrate Releases

A

Tsunamis, atmospheric warming, fire balls in the atmosphere

34
Q

What are the effects/associated hazards of Pandemics

A

Death and extinction

35
Q

What are the effects/associated hazards of Geomagnetic Reversal/Pole Shift

A

Solar radiation exposure

36
Q

What are the effects/associated hazards of Solar Flares/Storms/ CMEs

A

Low latitude auroras, exposure to high radiation, damage/destruction of satellites/electric grid, damage to electronic data & storage

37
Q

What are the effects/associated hazards of Supernova & Gamma Ray Burst

A

Huge amounts of radiation, ozone layer depletion, mass extinction

38
Q

What are the effects/associated hazards of Planet Death

A

Mass extinction

Geology Exams (4 decks)

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