Final Exam Cue Cards

Question 1

NOTE CARD: This begins about halfway through lecture 14:

~These cue cards are also made in conjunction with the review sheet on onenote.

Question 2

What part of the amino acid determines its unique properties?

Answer 2

The R group.

Question 3

What kind of a reaction FORMS a peptide bond?

(The bond that links amino acid monomers together in a protein/polypeptide)

Answer 3

• A PEPTIDE BOND is formed by a dehydration reaction, liking one amino acid’s C-terminus to another amino acid’s N-terminus.

Question 4

A polypeptide is a linear polymer with what groups on each end?

Answer 4

A POLYPEPTIDE is a linear polymer with a free amino end (N-terminus) and a free carboxyl end (C-terminus).

Question 5

A protein’s function is derived from what level of structuralization?

Answer 5

Protein function is derived from 3-Dimensional structure (so tertiary structure), which is determined by the amino acid sequence and intramolecular interactions.

Question 6

what is the difference between the LacI and the LacZ gene for the lac operon?

Answer 6

~~LacI:
What it is: A regulatory gene.
Function: Produces the lac repressor protein.
Role:
The lac repressor binds to the operator region of the lac operon.
It blocks transcription of the operon genes (like lacZ) when lactose is absent.
Control:
If lactose is present, allolactose (a lactose derivative) binds to the lac repressor, causing it to detach from the operator so transcription can occur.

~~LacZ:
What it is: A structural gene in the lac operon.
Function: Produces β-galactosidase.
Role:
β-galactosidase breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose for energy.
It also converts lactose into allolactose, which acts as an inducer to inactivate the lac repressor.