Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PoliSci 206 > Final Exam: Chapters 12, 13, 14, & 15 > Flashcards

Final Exam: Chapters 12, 13, 14, & 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Legislature

A

A deliberative council that has the authority to make and repeal laws. In representative democracies, ordinary citizens elect legislators to represent them.
Chapter 12: Page 433

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Parliamentary System

A

An electoral system in which the party holding the majority of seats in the legislature selects the chief executive
Chapter 12: Page 433

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lawmaking

A

A legislature’s power to enact laws that address major problems and then to oversee government administration of those laws
Chapter 12: Page 434

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Presidential System

A

A political system in which the chief executive and the legislature are elected independently
Chapter 12: Page 433

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Legislative oversight of administration

A

A variety of tools Congress uses to control administrative agencies, including creating or abolishing agencies, assigning program responsibilities, providing funds, and confirming presidential appointments
Chapter 12: Page 435

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Representation

A

The relationship between elected officials and the people who put them in office, involving the extent to which officials are responsive to the people
Chapter 12: Page 435

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Policy Responsiveness

A

The amount of agreement between the people represented and their elected officials on policy issues
Chapter 12: Page 435

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Service Responsiveness

A

Representation that takes the form of the tasks legislators perform based on the requests and needs of their constituents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Casework

A

Activities of members of Congress to act as intermediaries and help private individuals who are having problems with the administrative agencies in the executive branch
Chapter 12: Page 436

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Allocation Responsiveness

A

Representation that takes the form of members of Congress ensuring that their district gets a share of federal benefits
Chapter 12: Page 436

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Distributive Benefits

A

Government expenditures and programs that concentrate benefice in specific geographical areas such as states or congressional districts for which the costs are spread across the entire population
Chapter 12: Page 436

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Port-Barrel Benefits

A

Government sponsored projects that bring economic benefits to a Congress member’s state or district. This is a pejorative term first used in the mid-ninteenth century to describe projects viewed as a waste of tax dollars that serve no purpose other than to aid the reelection of a single incumbent
Chapter 12: Page 436

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Symbolic Responsiveness

A

A congressional member’s efforts to use political symbols to generate trust and support among the voters
Chapter 12: Page 437

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Home Style

A

The way a member of Congress behaves, explains his or her legislative actions, and presents himself or herself in the home district
Chapter 12: Page 437

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Geographical constituency

A

Everyone and everything within the geographical boundaries of a congressional member’s House district
Page 12: Page 437

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Reelection Constituency

A

The people within a Congress member’s House district who can be counted on for support
Chapter 12: Page 437

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Primary Constituency

A

A member of Congress’s strongest, mostly partisan supporters

Chapter 12: Page 437

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Personal constituency

A

A small number of intimate friends, advisors, and confidants, who support a member of Congress
Chapter 12: Page 437

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Trustee

A

A representative who uses hit or her own judgement to make decisions promoting the best interests of the nation as a whole, with the particular interests of constituents remaining a secondary concern
Chapter 12: Page 438

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Delegate

A

A representative who makes legislative decisions based on the interests and views of his or her constituents, regardless of personal preference
Chapter 12: Page 438

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Poltico

A

A representative whose philosophy of representation is a mix of both delegate and trustee. See also delegate and trustee
Chapter 12: Page 438

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Impeach

A

To charge or accuse

Chapter 12: Page 439

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Exclude

A

The refusal of Congress to seat any candidate who wins election but does not meet the constitutional requirements to hold congressional office
Chapter 12: Page 442

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Expulsion

A

The ejections of a member of Congress from office

Chapter 12: Page 442

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Censures and Reprimands

A

Verbal condemnations of a member of Congress by the House or Senate, intended to punish bad behavior by expressing the public disapproval of the member’s colleagues
Chapter 12: Page 442

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Perquisites (perks)

A

The benefits and support activities that members of Congress receive in order to help them perform their job
Chapter 12: Page 450

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Members’ Representational Allowance (MRA)

A

An allowance of about $1 million per year that members of Congress receive to pay for official duties of representation and lawmaking (e.g. office functions, official travel, and staff). It cannot be used for personal or campaign expenses
Chapter 12: Page 450

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Franking privilege

A

The ability of members of Congress to send mail to their constituents free of charge by substituting a facsimile of their signature in place of a stamp
Chapter 12: Page 451

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Bicameral

A

A legislature with two chambers

Chapter 12: Page 451

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Unicameral

A

A legislature with one chamber

Chapter 12: Page 452

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

President of the Senate

A

The person who presides over the Senate and is responsible for many of the parliamentary duties such as recognizing speakers, The vice president of the United States holds this position
Chapter 12: Page 454

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

President Pro Tempore

A

The person chosen by the members to preside over the Senate in the absence of the vice president
Chapter 12: Page 454

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Majority Leader

A

The person, chosen by the members of the majority party in the House and Senate, who controls the legislative agenda. In the Senate, the majority leader is the most powerful person in the chamber
Chapter 12: Page 454

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Minority Leader

A

The leader of the minority party in the House or Senate. Works with majority leader to schedule legislation and leads opposition party
Chapter 12: Page 454

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Whips

A

Assistants to the majority and minority party leaders in Congress who encourage rank-and-file members to support the party’s positions. Whips make sure that rank-and-file members a re present to vote on key legislative measure and that they know the party leader’s desire
Chapter 12: Page 455

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Speaker of the House of Representatives

A

The person who presides over the House. The Speaker is responsible for many of the parliamentary duties, such as recognizing speakers, and is the most powerful person in the chamber
Chapter 12: Page 455

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Standing Committees

A

Permanent committees in Congress that are responsible for legislation in a specific policy area
Chapter 12: Page 457

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Party Ratio

A

The proportion of the seats that each political party controls in the House and the Senate
Chapter 12: Page 459

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Exclusive Committees

A

Four House committees – Appropriations, Energy and Commerce, Rules, and Ways and Means – whose members typically receive no other committee assignments
Chapter 12: Page 462

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Prestige Committees

A

Congressional committees that are highly prized and allow their members to wield tremendous power in Congress
Chapter 12: Page 462

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Nongermane amendments

A

Amendments to a piece of legislation that are not related to the subject of the bill to which they are added
Chapter 12: Page 464

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Riders

A

A nongermane amendment that is added to a popular bill in hopes that the desirability of the proposed legislation will help the amendment pass
Chapter 12: Page 464

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Discharge petition

A

A procedure of the House of Representatives that permits a majority of the members of the House (218) to bring a bill out of committee for consideration on the floor
Chapter 12: Page 466

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Special Rule

A

A rule formulated by the House Rules committee specifying the conditions under which a given bill will be considered on the House floor
Chapter 12: Page 467

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Open Rule

A

A rule formulated by the House Rules committee that permits any germane amendment to be considered on the floor
Chapter 12: Page 469

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Closed Rule

A

The rule that prohibits amending a bill when it is on the floor of Congress for consideration
Chapter 12: page 469

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Structured Rule

A

A rule that permits only certain amendments to a bill

Chapter 12: Page 469

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Committee of the Whole

A

A parliamentary action whereby the House of Representatives dissolves into a committee consisting of every member of the House. This procedure is used to facilitate consideration of legislation because it has less burdensome rules governing debate and requires a smaller quorum than the House itself
Chapter 12: Page 470

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Filibuster

A

The effort by a senator to delay the chamber’s business by making long speeches
Chapter 12: Page 470

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Hold

A

The formal request by a member of the Senate to be notified before a specific bill or presidential nomination comes to the floor
Chapter 12: Page 470

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Cloture

A

A procedure of the Senate to end a filibuster; invoking cloture requires votes of 60 senators
Chapter 12: Page 470

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Unanimous consent agreement (UCA)

A

An agreement between majority and minority party leaders on the procedures and conditions under which a bill will be considered in the Senate
Chapter 12: Page 471

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Conference Committee

A

A temporary congressional committee made up of members of the House and Senate that meets to reconcile the differences in legislation that has passed both chambers
Chapter 12: Page 472

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Conditional Party Government

A

When members of the majority party caucus in Congress achieve consensus on policy issues, they adopt reforms that obligate congressional committee chairs and party leaders to try to enact the party’s legislative agenda on which there is a consensus
Chapter 12: Page 476

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Party Polarization

A

Situation in which policy positions (or ideology) within political parties become more homogeneous, and policy positions across the parties move farther apart
Chapter 12: Page 476

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Executive

A

A person or group that has administrative and supervisory responsibilities in an organization or government
Chapter 13: Page 483

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Weak-executive Model

A

A model of the presidency in which the executive would have a limited term, would have no veto power, and would be allowed to exercise only the authority explicitly granted by Congress
Chapter 13: Page 484

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Strong-Executive Model

A

A model of the presidency in which the powers of the executive office are significant and independent from Congress
Chapter 13: Page 484

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Restrictive View of Presidential Power

A

A few of presidential power that argues that the president can exercise only those powers listed in the Constitution
Chapter 13: Page 487

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Stewardship Doctrine

A

A view of presidential power that states that the president is a steward of the people and should do anything the nation needs that is not prohibited by the Constitution
Chapter 13: Page 487

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Prerogative View of the Presidential Power

A

A view of presidential power, promoted by Abraham Lincoln, that argues that the president is requires to preserve the Constitution and take actions to do so that otherwise might be unconstitutional
Chapter 13: Page 487

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Positive Government

A

The idea that government should play a major role in preventing or dealing with the crises that face the nation
Chapter 13: Page 488

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Executive Office of the President (EOP)

A

The organizational structure in the executive branch that houses the president’s most influential advisors and agencies. The most important include the White House Office, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), the National Security Council, and the Council of Economic Advisors
Chapter 13: Page 494

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

White House Office

A

A section of the Executive Office of the President that houses many of the most influential advisors to the president, including the chief of staff; the White House legal counsel; presidential speechwriters; the president’s press secretary; assistants for domestic, foreign, and economic policy and liaisons with Congress, the public, and state and local governments
Chapter 13: Page 494

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

A

An agency of the Executive Office of the President that is responsible for assisting the president in creating the budget
Chapter 13: Page 495

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

National Security Council

A

A group of presidential advisors made up of the vice president, the attorney general, and cabinet officers chosen by the president to advise the president on national security issues; it is part of the Executive Office of the President
Chapter 13: Page 495

65
Q

Council of Economic Advisers

A

An agency of the Executive office of the President that is responsible for advising the president on the US economy
Chapter 13: Page 495

66
Q

Hierarchical Model

A

A method of organizing the presidency that calls of clear lines of authority and that delegates responsibility from the president and through the chief of staff
Chapter 13: Page 496

67
Q

Spokes-of-the wheel Model

A

A method of organizing the presidency that calls for the president to be the center of activity, with numerous advisors reporting directly to the president
Chapter 13: Page 496

68
Q

Executive Agreements

A

Agreements between the United States and other nations, negotiated by the president, that have the same weight as a treaty but do not require senatorial approval
Chapter 13: Page 503

69
Q

Going Public

A

A political strategy in which the president appeals tot he public in an effort to persuade Congress to support his or her political goals
Chapter 13: Page 509

70
Q

Pocket Veto

A

The veto resulting from a president taking no action, before Congress adjourns, on legislation that has passed Congress
Chapter 13: Page 518

71
Q

Party Polarization

A

Situation in which policy positions (or ideology) within political parties become more homogeneous, and policy positions across the parties move farther apart
Chapter 13: Page 521

72
Q

Unilateral Powers

A

Presidential directives that carry the weight of law even though they have not been formally endorsed by Congress
Chapter 13: Page 525

73
Q

Executive Orders

A

Directives of the President that have the same weight as law and are not voted on by Congress
Chapter 13: Page 526

74
Q

Signing Statements

A

Pronouncements of how the president intends to interpret and apply a law when he signs a bill into law
Chapter 13: Page 528

75
Q

National Security Directive

A

A type of executive order with the force of law authorizing federal agencies or officials to take some action to protect national security
Chapter 13: Page 530

76
Q

Bureaucracy

A

The term used to refer to the agencies of the federal government. It also refers to an organizational framework and has negative connotations
Chapter 14: Page 537

77
Q

Spoils System

A

A system of governing in which political positions and benefits are given to the friends of the winner
Chapter 14: Page 540

78
Q

Merit System

A

A system of governing in which jobs are given based on relevant technical expertise and the ability to perform
Chapter 14: Page 540

79
Q

Neutral Competence

A

The idea that agencies should make decisions based on expertise rather than political considerations
Chapter 14: Page 541

80
Q

Executive Office of the President (EOP)

A

The organizational structure in the executive branch that houses ht president’s most influential advisors and agencies. The most important include the White House Office, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), the National Security Council, and the Council of Economic Advisers
Chapter 14: Page 544

81
Q

Cabinet Departments

A

The 15 largest and most influential agencies of the federal bureaucracy
Chapter 14: Page 544

82
Q

Independent Agencies

A

Federal agencies that are not part of the cabinet-level executive departments
Chapter 14: Page 546

83
Q

Regulatory Agencies and Commissions

A

Agencies that are independent of cabinet departments and are created by Congress to monitor and regulate specific areas of economic activity
Chapter 14: Page 546

84
Q

Deregulation

A

The reduction or elimination of government rules and regulations that interfere with the efficient operation to market forces
Chapter 14: page 547

85
Q

Government Corporations

A

Federally established businesses that are narrow in focus and are in part self-supporting
Chapter 14: Page 549

86
Q

Advisory Committees

A

Temporary or permanent organizations created to provide information and technical expertise to the bureaucracy
Chapter 14: Page 550

87
Q

Rule

A

A statement of the bureaucracy that interpret the law of prescribes a specific action. These rules ave the force of law
Chapter 14: Page 553

88
Q

Rulemaking

A

The process in which the bureaucracy decides what the laws passed by Congress mean and how they should be carried out
Chapter 14: Page 553

89
Q

Adjudication

A

The process of determining whether a law or rule established by the bureaucracy has been broker
Chapter 14: Page 554

90
Q

Iron Triangles

A

A term used to refer to the interdependent relationship among the bureaucracy, interest groups, and congressional committees
Chapter 14: Page 556

91
Q

Policy Subsystem

A

Networks of groups with an interest in a specific policy issuer of area
Chapter 14: Page 557

92
Q

Bounded Rationality

A

Herber Simon’s theory that humans are not utility maximizer as suggested in classical rational choice models. Humans satisfice (see satisficing) rather than maximize
Chapter 14: Page 559

93
Q

Satisficing

A

Considering possible alternatives until finding one that is good enough to solve the problem at hand even though it mitt not be the ‘best’ possible solution
Chapter 14: Page 559

94
Q

Overhead democracy

A

The idea that the bureaucracy is controlled through the oversight of elected officials, who are chosen by the people, thus giving the populace control over the bureaucracy
Chapter 14: Page 560

95
Q

Police Patrol Oversight

A

The active oversight of the bureaucracy by elected officials to make sure that the bureaucracy by elected officials to make sure that the bureaucracy is acting according to the wishes of the people
Chapter 14: Page 560

96
Q

Fire Alarm Oversight

A

Oversight that becomes active only when there is evidence of bureaucratic wrongdoing
Chapter 14: Page 560

97
Q

Agency Capture

A

A term used to describe when an agency seems to ape rate for the benefit of those whom it is supposed to regulate
Chapter 14: Page 561

98
Q

Sunshine Laws

A

Laws intended to keep the bureaucracy accountable to the people by requiring that agency meetings be open to the public
Chapter 14: Page 562

99
Q

Legislative Veto

A

Measure that gives Congress the ability to reject an action or decisions of the bureaucracy
Chapter 14: Page 562

100
Q

Appointment Power

A

A power of the president that enables him or her to control the bureaucracy by selecting the people who will head its agencies
Chapter 14: Page 563

101
Q

Impoundment

A

The limited ability of the president to not spend money appropriated by Congress
Chapter 14: Page 564

102
Q

Executive Orders

A

Directives of the president that have same weight as law and are not voted on by Congress
Chapter 14: Page 564

103
Q

Legislative intent

A

The intention of Congress when it passes laws

Chapter 14: Page 564

104
Q

Standards of due process

A

The procedural guarantees provided to ensure fair treatment and constitutional rights
Chapter 14: Page 564

105
Q

Contracting Out

A

Hiring a private organization to deliver a public program or service
Chapter 14: Page 566

106
Q

Principal-agent Model

A

A model explaining the relationship between Congress and the bureaucracy, which states that the relationship is similar to that between an employer who seeks to have work done (the principal) and an employee who does the work (the agent)
Chapter 14: Page 566

107
Q

Adverse Selection

A

Principal’s lack of information about the abilities of an agent
Chapter 14: Page 567

108
Q

Moral Hazard

A

Principal’s lack of information about the effort of an agent

Chapter 14: Page 567

109
Q

Judiciary

A

A system of courts and judges concerned with administration of justice
Chapter 15: Page 573

110
Q

Judicial Power

A

The authority of courts to interpret and apply the law in particular cases
Chapter 15: Page 574

111
Q

Jurisdiction

A

The types of cases a give court is permitted to hear

Chapter 15: Page 574

112
Q

Courts of Original Jurisdiction

A

Trial courts that hear cases for the first time and determine issues of fact and law
Chapter 15: Page 575

113
Q

Courts of Appellate Jurisdiction

A

Courts that review the decisions of lower courts

Chapter 15: Page 575

114
Q

Judicial Review

A

The power to review decisions of the lower courts and to determine the constitutionality of laws and actions of public officials
Chapter 15: Page 575

115
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

The 1803 case in which the Court asserts the power of judicial review
Chapter 15: Page 575

116
Q

Judicial Conference

A

A committee of district and appellate judges that reviews the needs of the federal judiciary makes recommendations to Congress
Chapter 15: Page 576

117
Q

Collegial courts

A

Courts in which groups of judges decide cases based on a review of the record of the lower court trial
Chapter 15: Page 579

118
Q

En Banc

A

A procedure in which all the members of a US court of appeals hear and decide a case
Chapter 15: Page 579

119
Q

Writ of Certiorari

A

An order from a higher court to a lower court ordering the lower court to turn over transcripts and documents of a case for review. The US Supreme Court Formally exercises its discretionary powers over what cases to hear by issuing a writ of certiorari, which is granted according to the rule of four
Chapter 15: Page 581

120
Q

Rule of Four

A

Rule according to which four Supreme Court justices must agree to hear a case
Chapter 15: Page 581

121
Q

Conference

A

The meeting of Supreme Court justices where they decide which cases they will hear
Chapter 15: Page 582

122
Q

Majority Opinion

A

A decision of the Supreme Court in which five or more of the justices are in agreement on the ruling on which party to the dispute should win a case and the reason that party should win
Chapter 15: Page 583

123
Q

Concurring Opinion

A

An opining written by a Supreme Court Justice who agrees with the ruling of the Court but not the reason behind it
Chapter 15: Page 583

124
Q

Plurality Opinion

A

A decision of the Supreme Court in which a majority of the Court agrees on a decision, but there is no majority agreement on the reason for the decision
Chapter 15: Page 583

125
Q

Dissenting Opinion

A

An opinion written by a Supreme Court justice who is in the minority that presents the logic and thinking of the justices who opposed the majority opinion
Chapter 15: Page 583

126
Q

Senatorial Courtesy

A

The practice that allows senators from states with federal district court vacancies to recommend individuals for the president to nominate. If the president fails to follow the home state senators’ recommendations, a slighted senator may block the nomination from coming to the floor for a confirmation vote
Chapter 15: Page 586

127
Q

Confirmation Process

A

The period between when a presidential nomination of a federal judge is received in the Senate and when the nominee is either confirmed or defeated
Chapter 15: Page 594

128
Q

Legal Model

A

A view of judicial decision making that argues that judges set aside their own values and make decisions based solely on legal criteria
Chapter 15: Page 599

129
Q

Slot Machine Theory

A

The view of judicial review that all judges do is lay the constitutional provision involved beside the statue being challenged and “decide whether the latter squares with the former.”
Chapter 15: Page 599

130
Q

Legal Realist Model

A

A model of judicial decision making that argues that personal values and ideologies affect a judge’s decisions
Chapter 15: Page 600

131
Q

Attitudinal Model

A

A model that suggests that judges’ decisions are largely, if not exclusively, determinedly their personal ideological and policy preferences
Chapter 15: Page 600

132
Q

Strategic Model

A

The view that sincere voting does not always maximize utility
Chapter 15: Page 600

133
Q

Writ of Mandamus

A

A court order requiring a public official to perform an official duty over which he or she has no discretion
Chapter 15: Page 605

134
Q

Originalism

A

The idea that Supreme Court justices should interpret the Constitution in terms of the original intentions of the framers
Chapter 15: Page 606

135
Q

living Constitution

A

The theory that assumes the Constitution was meant to be a dynamic document whose meaning has to account for contemporary social and political context
Chapter 15: Page 607

136
Q

Judicial Restraint

A

A view of Supreme Court decision making that calls for the Court to defer policymaking to the other branches of government
Chapter 15: Page 607

137
Q

Judicial Activism

A

A view of Supreme Court decision making that calls for the Court to take an active role in policymaking through its interpretation of the Constitution
Chapter 15: Page 607

138
Q

Legislative Interpretation

A

A ruling of the Supreme Court in which the Court inter pets on the meaning an din tent of statue passed by Congress. Congress can overturn a decision based on legislative interpretation by passing another law
Chapter 15: Page 612

139
Q

Constitutional Interpretation

A

A ruling of the Supreme Court that declares a law unconstitutional based the Court’s interpretation of the Constitution. A constitutional interpretation cannot be overturned by a simple statute
Chapter 15: Page 612

140
Q

Runoff Primary

A

A second primary election held between the top two candidates if no candidate received a majority of the votes in the first primary
Chapter 10: Page 376

141
Q

Nonpartisan Primary

A

A type of election used in Louisiana in which candidates from all political parties run in the same primary, and the candidate who receives the majority of the vote obtains the office
Chapter 10: Page 377

142
Q

Reapportionment

A

The process of adjusting the number House seats among the states based on population shifts
Chapter 10: Page 380

143
Q

Multimember District

A

A method of selecting representatives in which more than one person is chosen to represent a single constituency
Chapter 10: Page 380

144
Q

Single-member District

A

A method of selecting representatives in which the people in a district select a single representative
Chapter 10: Page 380

145
Q

Redistricting

A

The process of redrawing congressional district lines after reapportionment
Chapter 10: Page 380

146
Q

Gerrymandering

A

The drawing of district lines in such a way as to help or hinder the electoral prospects of a specific political interest
Chapter 10: Page 380

147
Q

Malapportioned

A

A situation in which the distribution of legislative seats does not accurately reflect the distribution of the population
Chapter 10: Page 381

148
Q

Baker v. Carr

A

The 1962 case in which the Supreme Court overturned the political question doctrine, holding that legislative apportionment was a justiciable issue that the courts and jurisdiction to hear and decide
Chapter 10: Page 381

149
Q

Justiciable issue

A

An issue or topic over which the courts have jurisdiction or the power to make decisions
Chapter 10: Page 381

150
Q

Wesburry v. Sanders

A

The 1964 case in which the Supreme Court invalidated unequal congressional districts, saying that all legislative districts must contain about equal numbers of people. The ruling is popularly known as the principle of person, one vote.
Chapter 10: Page 382

151
Q

One Person, One Vote

A

The idea, arising out of the 1964 Supreme Court decision of Wesberry v. Sanders, that legislative districts must contain about the same number of people.
Chapter 10: Page 381

152
Q

Majority-Minority Districts

A

Districts in which the majority of the populations composed of ethnic or racial minorities
Chapter 10: Page 381

153
Q

Descriptive Representation

A

The view of representation that calls for the racial and ethnic makeup of Congress to reflect that of the nation
Chapter 10: Page 382

154
Q

Substantive Representation

A

The concept of representation that states that officeholders do not have to be minorities to accurately represent minority interests
Chapter 10: Page 383

155
Q

Incumbency Advantage

A

The tendency for congressional incumbents to be overwhelmingly successful when they run for reelection due to the nature of congressional districts, resources, and relations with constituents, among other reasons
Chapter 10: Page 384

156
Q

Pork-Barrel Benefits

A

Government sponsored projects that bring economic benefits to a Congress member’s state or district. This is a pejorative term first used in the mid-nineteenth century to describe projects viewed as a waste to tax dollars that serve no purpose other than to aid the reelection of a single incumbent
Chapter 10: Page 386

157
Q

Perquisites (perks)

A

The benefits and support activities that members of Congress receive in order to help them perform their job
Chapter 10: Page 386

158
Q

Advertising

A

The activities of members of Congress (such as sending out newsletters or visiting the district) designed to familiarize the constituency with the member
Chapter 10: Page 387

159
Q

Credit Claiming

A

The efforts by members of Congress to get their constituents to believe they are responsible for positive government actions
Chapter 10: Page 387

160
Q

Position Taking

A

Public statements made by members of Congress on issues of importance to the constituency
Chapter 10: Page 387

161
Q

Open Seats

A

Legislative seats for which there is no incumbent running for reelection
Chapter 10: Page 388

PoliSci 206 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions