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Molecular Cellular Biology 351 CSUSM > Final Exam Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Final Exam Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the main focus of gene regulation?

A

Selective gene expression

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2
Q

Which step is generally the most important in gene regulation?

A

Transcription

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3
Q

What is the role of transcription regulators?

A

Bind to cis-regulatory sequences

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4
Q

How do transcription regulators enhance binding specificity?

A

Form dimers

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5
Q

Which motif mediates both DNA binding and dimerization?

A

Zinc finger

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6
Q

What is the main function of insulator elements?

A

Regulate gene proximity

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7
Q

How do transcription activator proteins accelerate transcription initiation?

A

Induce local chromatin alterations

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8
Q

What is the purpose of nucleosome structure in transcription regulation?

A

Promote cooperative binding

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9
Q

Which mechanism creates cell memory in gene expression?

A

Epigenetic inheritance

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10
Q

How do cells maintain gene expression patterns across generations?

A

DNA methylation

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11
Q

What is the main function of TRs (transcription regulators) in gene regulation?

A

Bind to cis-regulatory sequences

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12
Q

How do TRs (transcription regulators) influence transcription initiation?

A

Induce chromatin alterations

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13
Q

Which motif is known for its role in DNA binding specificity?

A

Zinc finger

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14
Q

What is the role of insulator elements in gene regulation?

A

Regulate gene proximity

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15
Q

How do transcription activator proteins accelerate transcription?

A

Form dimers

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16
Q

What is the purpose of nucleosome structure in transcription regulation?

A

Promote cooperative binding

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17
Q

Which mechanism creates cell memory in gene expression?

A

Epigenetic inheritance

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18
Q

How do cells maintain gene expression patterns across generations?

A

DNA methylation

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19
Q

What is the main focus of gene regulation?

A

Selective gene expression

20
Q

Which step is generally the most important in gene regulation?

A

Transcription

21
Q

What is the main goal of gene regulation in a multicellular organism?

A

To enable or allow different cell types to synthesize unique sets of RNAs and proteins

22
Q

How do nucleosomes affect the binding of transcription regulators, and what role do they play in altering chromatin structure?

A

Blocking transcription factor access to DNA

23
Q

Describe the process by which transcription activator proteins accelerate the rate of transcription initiation and coordinate gene expression.

A

Interacting with general transcription factors

24
Q

Discuss the role of epigenetic mechanisms in reinforcing cell memory and their impact on gene expression inheritance.

A

Influencing cell fate decisions

25
Q

How do transcription regulators influence gene expression?

A

By binding to cis-regulatory sequences

26
Q

How does DNA methylation impact gene expression patterns, and what are the implications of DNA methylation in epigenetic inheritance?

A

Alters chromatin structure

27
Q

How do transcription regulators recognize specific sequences on the DNA major groove, and why is this interaction crucial in gene regulation?

A

Via zinc finger motifs

28
Q

How does RNA interference regulate gene expression?

A

It downregulates the expression of specific genes

29
Q

Explain the concept of combinatorial control in gene regulation and its significance in determining gene expression patterns.

A

Coordinating multiple transcription regulators

30
Q

What are the mechanisms by which TRs switch genes on and off in gene regulation?

A

Recruiting co-activators or co-repressors

31
Q

Discuss the role of insulator elements in gene regulation and how they contribute to the spatial organization of cis-regulatory sequences.

A

To form loops to bring cis-regulatory sequences close to the correct gene

32
Q

Explain the importance of TR (transcription regulation) dimerization in enhancing the affinity and specificity of transcription regulator binding to DNA.

A

Enhances binding to cis-regulatory sequences

33
Q

What is the role of DNA methylation in epigenetic inheritance?

A

It inhibits gene expression

34
Q

What is the function of insulator elements in gene regulation?

A

To form loops to bring cis-regulatory sequences close to the correct gene

35
Q

How can a single TR (transcription regulator) coordinate the expression of multiple genes, and what implications does this have on cell differentiation and specialization?

A

Binding to different enhancers

36
Q

Explain the role of transcription factors in gene regulation.

A

Transcription factors regulate gene expression by binding to DNA and influencing transcription initiation.

37
Q

Describe the process of RNA interference and its impact on gene expression.

A

small RNAs silencing gene expression post-transcription

38
Q

Discuss the significance of epigenetic modifications in gene regulation.

A

Epigenetic modifications alter gene expression without changing DNA sequence.

39
Q

Explain how alternative splicing contributes to proteome diversity

A

Alternative splicing generates multiple proteins from a single gene, increasing proteome diversity.

40
Q

Describe the function of enhancers in gene expression regulation.

A

Enhancers are DNA sequences that enhance transcription of specific genes.

41
Q

Discuss the role of chromatin remodeling in gene regulation

A

It changes the chromatin structure to regulate gene accessibility.

42
Q

Explain how DNA methylation can influence gene expression patterns

A

DNA methylation can silence genes by inhibiting transcription.

43
Q

Describe the role of post-transcriptional modifications in regulating mRNA stability

A

Post-transcriptional modifications like mRNA capping and polyadenylation affect mRNA stability.

44
Q

Discuss the concept of combinatorial control in gene expression regulation.

A

Multiple transcription factors working together to regulate gene expression.

45
Q

Explain how RNA splicing errors can lead to genetic disorders.

A

RNA splicing errors can lead to genetic disorders by producing abnormal proteins.

Molecular Cellular Biology 351 CSUSM (2 decks)

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