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ANAT316 > Final Exam: Chapter 2 Face & Senses > Flashcards

Final Exam: Chapter 2 Face & Senses Flashcards

1
Q

sympathetic innervation of the EYE

A

T1 –>superior cervical ganglion –> follows internal carotid artery –> levator palpabrae, dilator pupillae (upper eyelid)

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2
Q

parasympathetic innervation of the EYE

A

CN III (occulomotor) –> ciliary ganglion –> ciliary muscles, sphincter pupillae

CN VII (facial) –> pterygopalantine ganglion –> lacrimal gland

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3
Q

conjuctiva

A

coninous membrane that coversinside of eyelids

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4
Q

tarsal plates

A

thick fascial core of eyelids

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5
Q

palpabrae fissure

A

opening of eyelids

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6
Q

lacrimal gland location

A

upper, outer orbit

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7
Q

conjuctival sacs

A

lacrimal gland ducts enter here

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8
Q

tear migration

A

medially: lacrimal punctum–> lacrimal duct –> conjuctival sacs

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9
Q

pharynx location

A

hangs from occipatal bone, in front of cervical vertebrae

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10
Q

pharynx is continuous with the ___

A

esophagus

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11
Q

esophagus is continuous with the ____

A

pharynx

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12
Q

layers of pharynx

A

inner mucosa, middle fibrous tissue, outer muscular layer

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13
Q

pharynx communicates anteriorly with ____, ____, and ____

A

nasal cavity, mouth, larynx

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14
Q

nasopharynx opens anteriorly into the ____ by the ____

A

nasal cavity, choanae

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15
Q

nasopharynx uses the ____ to communicate with the ___ ear

A

tympanic (eustachian) tube, middle ear

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16
Q

oropharynx extends from the ____ to the ____

A

soft palate to the hyoid bone

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17
Q

oropharynx connects to the mouth via the ___

A

fauces

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18
Q

fauces

A

arch connecting mouth to pharynx

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19
Q

laryngopharynx extends from ___ to ___

A

hyoid to esophagus

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20
Q

opening of larynx is located in the ____

A

wall of the proximal laryngopharynx

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21
Q

epiglottis

A

protects opening of larynx

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22
Q

pharyngeal tonsil (#, type of tissue, location)

A
  • single
  • lymphoid tissue
  • posterior wall of top of pharynx
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23
Q

palantine tonsil (#, type of tissue, location, description)

A
  • paired
  • lymphoid tissue
  • depression at fauces’ base
  • upper and lower pole, thick, fibrous base, easily removed
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24
Q

lingual tonsil (#, type of tissue, location)

A
  • paired
  • lymphoid tissue
  • posterior tongue
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25
Q

tympanic tube

A

connects nasopharynx to middle ear, allows infection to spread into middle ear

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26
Q

tympanic tube originates on _____ and terminates on ____

A

lateral wall of pharynx, terminates on medial wall of middle ear

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27
Q

tympanic tube is part of ___ ____ bone

A

petrous temporal bone

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28
Q

tympanic tube ‘s medial 2/3 are supported by ___

A

cartilage

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29
Q

tympanic tube is lined by ___

A

mucosa

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30
Q

mouth is divided into these 2 parts

A

vestibule and oral cavity (mouth proper)

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31
Q

vestibule is located btwn ___ and ___

A

lips and teeth & gums

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32
Q

vestibule contains the opening to

A

parotid gland duct (opposite 2nd molar)

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33
Q

oral cavity contains this muscle

A

tongue

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34
Q

oral cavity has a roof (___), floor (___) and 2 walls (___)

A

palates, below tongue, teeth

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35
Q

roof of oral caivty is made of

A

hard and soft palate

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36
Q

hard palate of mouth cavity is made of

A

palantine processes of maxilla and 2 palantine bones

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37
Q

soft palate of mouth cavity is

A

musculofibrous

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38
Q

uvula

A

non-functional, hangs from posterior border of soft palate

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39
Q

floor of mouth cavity is lined with ___ and contains ducts to __(#) ___

A

mucosa, 2 salivary glands

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40
Q

tongue

A

muscular organ with specialized mucosa containing taste buds

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41
Q

musculature of tongue is divided into these groups

A

Intrinsic muscles (make up tongue body)

  • alter shape of tongue
    • vertical, longitudinal and transverse

Extrinsic muscles

  • for communication & digestion
    • Genioglossus (pulls tongue forward, O: genial tubercle on inside of mandible, I: tongue base)
    • Hyoglossus [2] (depresses tongue laterally, O: hyoid bone, I: tongue side)
    • Styloglossus (elevates and retracts tongue, O: styloid process, I: tongue side)
    • Palatoglossus (elevates tongue, O: side of palate, I: tongue)
42
Q

Extrinsic muscles of tongue

A
  • for communication & digestion
    • Genioglossus (pulls tongue forward, O: genial tubercle on inside of mandible, I: tongue base)
    • Hyoglossus [2] (depresses tongue laterally, O: hyoid bone, I: tongue side)
    • Styloglossus (elevates and retracts tongue, O: styloid process, I: tongue side)
    • Palatoglossus (elevates tongue, O: side of palate, I: tongue)
43
Q

Intrinsic muscles of tongue

A
  • alter shape of tongue

- - vertical, longitudinal and transverse

44
Q

papillae

A

specialized processes in unique mucosa of tongue

45
Q

frenulum

A

mid-line of tongue, tethers tongue to floor

46
Q

sulcus terminalis

A

v-shaped groove, separates anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of tongue

47
Q

motor innervation of tongue muscles

A

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) —- exception: palatoglossus is innervated by vagus nerve (CN X)

48
Q

sensory innervation of tongue (general & taste)

A

General

  • anterior 2/3 = CN V (trigeminal)
  • posterior 1/3 = CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

Taste Innervation

  • anterior 2/3 = CN VII (facial)
  • posterior 1/3 = CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
49
Q

salivary glands (# & function)

A

3 pairs (parotid, sublingual, submandibular) , secrete saliva into mouth to moisten and digest food

50
Q

parotid gland (location, secretion, innervation)

A

salivary gland

location: front of ear
secretion: by 2nd molar, serous
innervation: CN IX (glossopharyngeal) –> otic ganglion –> parotid

51
Q

sublingual gland (location, secretion, innervation)

A

salivary gland

location: floor of each mouth side, lateral to submandibular
secretion: by small openings onto mouth floor OR into submandibular ducts
innervation: CN VII (facial) –> submandibular ganglion –> sublingual gland

52
Q

submandibular gland (location, secretion, innervation)

A

salivary gland

location: jaw angle
secretion: ducts run under tongue and open near frenulum, mixed serous and mucous secretion
innervation: CN VII (facial) –> submandibular ganglion –> submandibular gland

53
Q

each half-jaw contains __ teeth

A

8 teeth, (3 molars, 2 premolars, 2 incisors, 1 canine)

54
Q

jaw & teeth innervation

A

upper jaw + teeth = CN V2 (trigeminal - maxillary)

lower jaw + teeth = CN V3 (trigeminal - mandibular)

55
Q

larynx

A

connects oropharynx and trachea, part of airway, connected proximally to epiglottis, below hyoid

cartilage skeleton divided into external and internal skeleton

56
Q

organ of phonation

A

larynx

57
Q

external skeleton of larynx

A

THYROID CARTILAGE

  • largest cartilage, shaped like a shield
  • hyaline cartialge
  • superior horn approaches hyoid
  • inferior horn articulates with cricoid

CRICOID CARTILAGE

  • signet ring shape, wide posteriorly
  • articulates with inferior horn of thyroid
58
Q

adam’s apple

A

thyroid cartilage prominence

59
Q

cricothyroid ligament

A

btwn hyoid and cricoid structures anteriorly

TRIANGULAR MEMBRANE/CRICOTHYROID LIGAMENT/CONUS ELASTICUS

  • lower border = attached to cricoid
  • upper border = true vocal cords
  • ligamentous
  • attached to vocal processes and to inside of thyroid cartilage
60
Q

internal skeleton of larynx

A

ARYTENOIDS

  • paired, pyrimidal structures
  • articulate with posterior cricoid
  • rotate horizontally
  • anterior processes = vocal processes
  • vocal cords attach to vocal processes
  • post-lateral muscular process

EPIGLOTTAL CARTILAGE

  • elastic, racket-shaped
  • attached to front of thyroid catilage
  • lined with respiratory epithelium
  • drops when swallowing to close off laryngeal opening (thyroid cartilage raises)
61
Q

cricothyroid muscle

A

of larynx, pulls forward to tighten and increase pitch

62
Q

membranes of larynx

A

QUADRANGULAR MEMBRANE

  • upper membrane
  • anteriorly attached to epiglottis sides and thyroid
  • posteriorly attached to arteynoids
  • lower border = false vocal cords

TRIANGULAR MEMBRANE/CRICOTHYROID LIGAMENT/CONUS ELASTICUS

  • lower border = attached to cricoid
  • upper border = true vocal cords
  • ligamentous
  • attached to vocal processes and to inside of thyroid cartilage
63
Q

false vocal cords

A
  • made of quadrangular membrane

- above and lateral to real vocal cards

64
Q

conus elasticus

A

TRIANGULAR MEMBRANE/CRICOTHYROID LIGAMENT/CONUS ELASTICUS

  • lower border = attached to cricoid
  • upper border = true vocal cords
  • ligamentous
  • attached to vocal processes and to inside of thyroid cartilage
65
Q

rima glottidis

A
  • aperture btwn vocal cords

- muscles on arytenoids, cricoid and thyroid cartilages change the width of opening and the tension on vocal cords

66
Q

cricothyroid muscle

A

largest muscle controlling larynx

67
Q

motor innervation of larynx

A

Most Larynx Muscles: CN X (Vagus) –> recurrent laryngeal nerves

Cricothyroid: CN X (Vagus) –> external laryngeal nerve

68
Q

sensory innervation of larynx

A

Above Vocal Cords: CN X (Vagus) –> superior laryngeal nerves

Below Vocal Cords: CN X (Vagus) –> recurrent laryngeal nerves

69
Q

sternomastoid muscle

A 
divides anterior an posterior triangles of neck
turns head to opposite side
O: manubrium, medial clavicle
I: mastoid process of temporal bond
innervated by CN XI (Spinal Accessory)
70
Q

Scalene Muscles of Neck

A

Anterior, Middle & Posterior
raise thoracic cage as 2ndary respiration muscles

O: transverse process if middle to lower cervical vertebrae

Anterior I: scalene tubercle
~~subclavian artery passes thru~~
Middle I: behind anterior on scalene tubercle
Posterior I: 2nd rib

Innervated by small twigs of cervical nerves

71
Q

Muscles of Mouth Floor

A 
MYLOHYOID
- elevates hyoid
- floor of mouth, raphe in the middle
O: mandible
I: hyoid
innerv: CN V3 (trigeminal - mandibular)

DIGASTRIC
- elevate hyoid, depress mouth
- anterior & posterior bellies go through tendinous loop at top of hyoid
- posterior belly runs down mastoid process
- anterior belly runs down side of genial tubercle
innerv anterior: CN V3 (trigeminal - mandibular)
innerv posterior: CN VII (facial)

STYLOHYOID
- elevates hyoid
O: styloid
I: hyoid
innerv: CN VII (facial)
72
Q

muscles of mastication

A 
TEMPORALIS
- closes mouth
- occupies temporal fossa, passes thru zygomatic arch
I: coronoid mandible process
innerv: CN V3 (trigeminal - mandibular)
MASSETER
- closes mouth
O: zygomatic arch
I: ramus of mandible
innerv: CN V3 (trigeminal - mandibular)
MEDIAL PTERYGOID
- closes mouth
O: lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid
I: jaw angle
innerv: CN V3 (trigeminal - mandibular)
LATERAL PTERYGOID
- jaw protrusion
O: lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid
I: neck of mandibular condyle
innerv: CN V3 (trigeminal - mandibular)

** ALL innervated by CN V3 (trigeminal - mandibular)

73
Q

muscles of pharynx

A

SUPERIOR CONSTRICTOR
O: medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphe
I: pharyngeal raphe (posteriorly)

MIDDLE CONSTRICTOR
O: stylohyoid ligament, hyoid bone
I: pharyngeal raphe (posteriorly)

INFERIOR CONSTRICTOR
O: thyroid/cricoid cartilage
I: pharyngeal raphe (posteriorly)

    • ALL innervated by CN XI (Spinal Accessory)
    • ALL insert on pharyngeal raphe (posteriorly)
74
Q

muscles of face

A

BUCCINATOR
- moves food in mouth
O: pterygomandibular raphe
I: mouth corner

ORBICULARIS ORIS

  • protrudes lips
  • surrounds mouth

ORBICULARIS OCCULI

  • closes eyes
  • surround orbit

** ALL innervated by CN VII (facial)

75
Q

muscles of scalp

A

FRONTALIS
O: eyebrows
I: Fronto-occipital aponeurosis (thick layer of fascia)

OCCIPITALIS
O: occipital bone
I: Fronto-occipital aponeurosis (thick layer of fascia)

76
Q

layers of scalp

A 
Skin
Connective Tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose Connective Tissue
Peritoneum (bone)
77
Q

nose functions

A 
outside = warm and moisten air
inside = organ of smell, upper portion of airway
78
Q

external nose

A

2 nasal bones & 2 hyline cartilages

79
Q

septal cartilage

A

interior septum of nose, units with bony septum

- 2 lateral plates: attach to nasal bones

80
Q

alar cartilage

A

tip of nose, distal to lateral nose cartilage

81
Q

internal nose

A

sphenoid, ethmoid, vomer, palantine bones

82
Q

septum of nose

A

vomer, vertical plate of ethmoid, septal cartilage and alar cartilage

83
Q

cribiform plate

A

roof of nose (along with sphenoid), ethmoid

84
Q

floor of nose

A

palantine bone and maxilla bone

85
Q

conchae

A

lateral walls of nose, create meatuses

  • superior & middle conchae = ethmoid bone
  • inferior conchae = individual bone
86
Q

spheno-ethmoidal recess

A

above superior conchae

- house olfactory mucosa

87
Q

meatuses

A

inferior, middle and superior
created by conchae
drain into inferior meatus

88
Q

nasolacrimal duct

A

drains into inferior meatus, duct of orbit

89
Q

___ and ___ drains into inferior meatus drainage

A

meatuses, orbit (nasolacrimal duct)

90
Q

___ and ___ drains into spheno-ethmoidal recess

A

air sinus, sphenoid sinus

91
Q

___ drains into superior meatus drainage

A

posterior ethmoid sinus

92
Q

___, ___ and ___ drains into superior meatus drainage

A

frontal sinus, anterior ethmoid sinus and maxillary sinus

93
Q

external ear

A

lateral 1/3 = cartilage, medial 2/3 = bony

acoustic canal from auricle to tympanic membrane

94
Q

acoustic canal

A

opening to external ear

95
Q

ear drum

A

tympanic membrane, end of external ear

96
Q

middle ear

A

chamber in temporal bone

- contains osssicles, entrance to auditory tube, connection to mastoid air cells and round & oval windows

97
Q

ossicles

A

malleus, incus, stapes (proximal to distal)
articulate with each other
connect tympanic membrane to oval window
transmits sound waves to inner ear

98
Q

internal ear

A

bony and membranous labyrinths, cochlea, vestibular apparatus

99
Q

bony labyrinth

A

internal ear

filled with perilymph

100
Q

membranous labyrinth

A

internal ear

filled with endolymph

101
Q

cochlea

A

sense organ of hearing

innerv by CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)

102
Q

vestibular apparatus

A

balance organ

innerv by CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)

ANAT316 (1 decks)

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