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Government > Final Exam Chapter 13/15/18 > Flashcards

Final Exam Chapter 13/15/18 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 8 roles of a president?

A
  1. Chief of State: Ceremonial head of the government
  2. Chief executive: Power to enforce the law (most powerful position in the world)
  3. Chief administration: CEO of the federal government (employs about 2.7 million people)
  4. Chief diplomat- architect of foreign policy ( relationship with other countries)
  5. Commander in chief: Head of the armed forces
  6. Chief Legislator: Architect of public policy (ideas for laws)
  7. Chief of Party: Leader of their political party
  8. Chief Citizen: The representatives of all the people of the USA
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2
Q

Since World War 2 what has been considered the most powerful position in the world?

A

The President

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3
Q

What are the 7 powers of the president?

A
  1. Appointment power: (Cabinet, Federal Judges, etc)
  2. Power to Convene Congress: (state of the Union Address special session)
  3. Power to make Treaties: (agreement between two or more countries.
  4. Executive Orders: ( a rule of order issued by the president to an executive branch of government and having the force of law used by every president since George Washington (times of war, natural disasters, promote civil rights, or revoke civil rights- Japanese Internment Camps
  5. Veto Power: (reject legislation)
  6. Commander in Chief power: (head of the Armed Forces
  7. Pardoning Power: (grant releases to criminals
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4
Q

What are the Formal Qualification of a President?

A
  1. Must be a “natural born citizen”
  2. Must be at least 35 years old
  3. Must have lived in the USA for at least 14 years
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5
Q

What is the Oval Office?

A

The place where the president does their work

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6
Q

What Amendment deals with the Presidents term and how long is a Presidents term?

A

The 22nd Amendment

2-4 year terms or no more than 10 yrs (If the president dies the VP finishes the last 2)

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7
Q

What is the Salary of the President?

A

$400,000

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8
Q

What are the Fringe Benefits of the President?

A
  1. $50,000 per year expense account
  2. 2 houses (White House and Camp David)
  3. Air Force One
  4. Free Health Care
  5. Pension ($200,000)
  6. Lifetime secret service protection
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9
Q

What does the 25th Amendment deal with?

A

Presidential Succession

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10
Q

What is the Presidential Succession?

A
  1. Vice President
  2. Speaker of the House
  3. Pres. Pro tempore of the Senate
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11
Q

What is the Presidents Disability?

A

Vice President will become acting president if:

  1. The President informs congress in writing that he/she is unable to perform his/her duties
  2. The Vice President and the majority of the Cabinet inform congress in writing, that the president is unable to perform his/her duties
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12
Q

What is Impeachment?

A

The charge of high crimes and misdemeanors covers allegations of high misconducts by officials

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13
Q

What is the Vice Presidents 2 formal duties?

A
  1. Preside over the Senate
  2. Help decide the disability of the President
    Chosen to “balance the ticket”
    Today:
    Spokesperson for the president!
    Represent president of important events
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14
Q

What are the formal of a Vice President?

A

Same as the President

Except the salary is $230,700

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15
Q

How does the Presidential selection work?

A
  1. Popular Vote

2. Electoral College

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16
Q

What is an Electoral College?

A

A group of people chosen from each state to formally select the President and Vice President
A representation in the Electoral College is based on the number of representation in the Electoral College based on the number of representatives and Senators and state has NC= 13+2=5 electors Total of 538
They are free to vote against the popular vote (rarely done)
Winner of popular vote in that state takes all of the electoral votes
Must get 270 to win

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17
Q

Why Electoral College important? Thank

A
  1. Protects against the tyranny of the majority
  2. Discourages voters fraud
  3. Gives a voice to both the large and small states
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18
Q

What are the four divisions of the executive branch?

A
  1. President
  2. Vice President
  3. The Cabinet
  4. Independent Agencies
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19
Q

What is the Cabinet? What were the four original departments? Who started the custom?

A

15 executive departments
Originally there were only four
1. Dept. of State- Thomas Jefferson
2. Dept. of Treasury- Alexander Hamilton
3. Dept. of War- Henry Knox
4. Dept. of Justice- Edmond Randolph
Started as a custom by George Washington
Each agency/ department is headed by secretary with the exception of the
Department of Justice which is headed by the Attorney General
They are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate

20
Q

What are the Jobs of the Cabinet?

A
  1. Administer their department/ agency
  2. Advise the president
    Oldest: Department of State
    Largest: Department of Defense
    Newest: Department of Homeland Security (terrorism)- 200 includes the secret service (protect the president)
21
Q

What are the Independent Agencies? And what are some examples of Independent agencies?

A

Agencies that run outside the cabinet departments
Why? Keep them away from political pressures/influences
Run as semi- private businesses/ not totally funded b y the government
150 of them

NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 
Federal Reserve: US building
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
FDA ( Food and Drug Administration)
US Postal Service
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)
22
Q

What are the white house staff top positions?

A

Chief of Staff: Presidents private secretary assistant
Press Secretary: Presidents public spokesperson
Executive Office of the President (EOP)- main advisors on policy (experts)
National Security director and…
Director of National Intelligence agency

23
Q

What are the three functions of the Judicial Branch?

A
  1. Interpret the Laws
  2. Settle disputes
  3. Create expectations for the future ( Establish Precedence)
24
Q

What are the two court systems in the USA

A
  1. State Courts (50 States)

2. Federal/ National courts

25
Q

What are the 2 types of Federal Courts?

A
  1. Constitutional Courts
    a. Supreme Court
    b. * District Courts- trial courts
    c. Court of Appeals
    d. U.S. Court of International Trade
  2. Special Courts
    a. Armed Services
    b. Veterans
    c. Federal Claims
    d. Tax
26
Q

Which courts hear most of the cases on the federal level?

A

Constitutional Courts mostly district mostly

27
Q

What is Jurisdiction? And what are the two major types of Jurisdiction?

A

The authority of a court to hear a case is first heard

2. Appellate Jurisdiction= The court that hears cases on appeal

28
Q

What are District Courts?

A

94- have original jurisdiction (trial courts) hear most of the cases on the federal level!
Have juries
Court of Appeals (12 has Appellate Jurisdiction
No Juries
3 judge panels
Can refuse to hear a case

29
Q

What kind of courts does the Supreme Court have?

A

It has both
Federal Judges are appointed to the president and approved by the Senate. There are over 600 judges ]
Term of office= Lifetime appointments
1 to 3 Judge panels

30
Q

What are US Marshals and how many are there per district court?

A

94
Police force of the court system
Federal courts hear both the criminal (break laws) and civil (dispute over $) cases

31
Q

What is a Plantiff?

A

The person who files the charge/ suit

32
Q

What is a Defendant?

A

The person who the complaint is against

33
Q

What is a Grand Jury?

A

(16 to 23) decides if there is enough evidence to take a case to trial (only need majority to vote)

34
Q

What is a Petite Jury?

A

(12) decides the guilt or innocence of the accused (must be a unanimous vote)
There are no juries used in the court of appeals or the Supreme Court! * The Judge makes all the ruilings

35
Q

What is the Supreme Court?

A

” The Court of Last Resort”

36
Q

What was Marbury v. Madison?

A

1803 landmark case that gave the Supreme Court the power of…. Judicial Review: the right to decide if a case is constitutional or unconstitutional

37
Q

What are some details about the Supreme Court?

A

9 judges
cases- October through June
The Chief of Justice is in charge
About 8000 cases per year are appealed- They only accept about 75 to 85 cases- 1%

38
Q

What happens if a case is denied in the Supreme Court? And how does the Supreme Court know what cases to accept?

A

The ruling of the lower court stands

Solicitor General: Federal government chief/ lawyer- case must get past him/her first- screens

39
Q

What is the “Rule of Four”?

A

If 4 out of 9 justices agree to hear the case

40
Q

What types of cases does the Supreme Court hear?

A
  1. Cases that will affect the entire country?
  2. Cases that involves constitutional questions
  3. Crimes “committed on the high seas” if a case is heard it receives a… writ of certorari- legal order to hear the case
41
Q

What is a Brief?

A

Written legal documents presented by each lawyer to the justices (summary)- That they will read before the case

42
Q

What is an Oral Argument?

A

Lawyer present their case
Each lawyer gets exactly 30 minutes to present his/her case
Each case lasts 1 hour

43
Q

What are the two court opinions?

A
  1. Majority opinion: gives reasons for their decision- OFFICIAL RULING
  2. Minority Opinion ( Dissenting): gives reasons why they opposed the ruling
    Decisions do not have to be unanimous! All decisions are final! They cannot be appealed!- Usually handed out in the spring/summer
44
Q

Give a brief summary of the state courts: (similar to the federal level?

A

Most court cases are heard on the state level
Almost all criminal cases start in the state courts
The Vast majority are settled out of court
Most judges are elected not appointed as on the Federal level

45
Q

What are the level of courts from top to bottom?

A
  1. State Supreme Courts– 50 deal mostly with appellate jurisdiction- final authority
  2. State Appeals Court- 50- deal only w/ appellate jurisdiction- 2 levels
  3. Circuit Courts- every country has one- deal with original jurisdiction in criminal and civil cases- have juries “workhouse” of the system
  4. Probate Courts- deal with estates, wills, etc
  5. Juvenile Courts-deal with underage criminals
  6. Family Courts- deal with custody, abuse, child support etc
  7. Divorce Courts
  8. Small Claims Court- deal with minor lawsuits
  9. Traffic Courts-deal with traffic violations
46
Q

What are the only state courts that have judges?

A

Circuit Courts

The rest are ruled by the judges decisions

Government (8 decks)

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