Final Exam - Chapter 12 - Depression And Exercise Flashcards
Four major mood disorders are:
Depressive disorder
Bipolar disorder
Dysthymia
Cyclothymia
Mood
Influence mood regulations beyond the usual variation between sadness and happiness and excitement .
Characteristics of Depression
Sad or elation Guild or worthlessness Disturbance in appetite Disturbance in sleep patterns Lack of energy Difficulty concentrating Loss of interest in all or most activities Problems with memory Thoughts of suicide Hallucinations
Prevalence of Depression
Look at diagram on notes and read section in book page 316
Cost of Depression
$44B in 1990 to $83B in 2000
We are trying to treat it sooner to deceases death rates
Cause o Depression
Death Coping Skills Biological brain chemistry Life trauma, divorce, retirement Heredity Social Support *There are theories, but no one really knows.
Exercise for Preventive Effects
Graph: People who exercise more, frequency of depression decreases
- as the prevalence of major depressive disorder increases the frequency of PA increases in those that do not exercise regularly
- Even though people exercise people can still be depressed
- Graph not based on experimental data
- People that have depression are less likely to exercise
Exercise for Treatment Effects Non-clinical Depression
- Meta analysis revealed:
- exercise resulted in decrease in depression
- exercise was as effective as and sometimes more effective than traditional therapies
- Certain factors moderate exercise treatment effects while others did not
Moderating Factors - Exercise Variables
Type?
Length?
Intensity?
Duration of Frequency?
I
I
V
Exercise —————————-> Depression
Type does not matter, just find something you enjoy
Length doesn’t matter, will decease depression, the longer the better
Intensity can be individualized too high they may not want to do it, more likely get sore
Duration and frequency - frequency makes a difference , we do not know details need more studies
Moderating Factors - Participant Variables
Age?
Gender?
Race/Ethnicity?
I
I
V
Exercise -----------------------------> Depression
We do not know we need more information
Exercise for Treatment Effects - Clinical Depression
- Historically, how has clinical depression been treated?
- Exercise more frequently - examined as a viable option for treating clinical depression
- Why?
- Low cost compared to medicine
- New alternatives
- Side effects of other drugs
Exercise for treatment effects - Consensus Statements on Clinical Depression
- Physical Activity has protective benefits against symptoms of depression
- The protective effects of exercise seem to increase with greater levels of PA
- Exercise can be associated with a decreased level of mild-to-moderate depression
- Exercise may be an adjunct to the professional treatment of severe depression
- Optimal types and/or amounts of PA are not known
What are the Mechanisms of Change
- Anthrpological Hypothesis
- Endorphin Hypothesis
- Monoamine Hypothesis
- Mastery Hypothesis
- Social Interaction Hypothesis
Anthrpological Hypothesis
Hypothesis suggest that human beings are genetically designed to be physcially active, if we are not PA it will ea to health problems. including depression.
Link between PA and depression reflect an evolutionary perspective
We went from high PA life style to labor intensive jobs to low PA jobs that use more technology and less PA
as technology use increased so did depression
Endorphin Hypothesis
During Stress (exercise) the body produces endorphins - natural pain killers
Increase en endorphins may reduce depression
More research is needed before firm conclusions can be reached.
