Final exam (ch 26-33) Flashcards
Karesansui
(Muromachi Period - architecture)
dried up mountains and water
** Rock garden
Borrowed Scenery
(Muromachi Period - architecture)
Nature elements that were already there and they are now used for the landscape.
** Rock Garden (The trees are considered part of garden)
Fusuma
(Momoyama Period - architecture)
Paper covered sliding doors decorated or painted.
** Fusuma
Byobu
(Momoyama Period - architecture)
Free standing folding screens.
Shoin
(Momoyama Period - architecture)
an architecture style influenced by Zen Buddhism. Most noticable change: Tatami mats lined floors.
** Himeji Castle interior
Shoji
(Momoyama Period - architecture)
Wood frames covered with transulcent rice paper.
** Himeji castle interior.
Tatami
(Momoyama Period - architecture)
Floor mats. One mat has a size of 3x6 feet. Rooms are measured in Tatami mats. (ex: room might be described as an 8 mat floor)
** Himeji Castle interior
Chanoyu
(Momoyama Period - Tea ceremony)
The Japanese ritual drinking of tea
Tea bowl
(Momoyama Period - Tea ceremony)
called Yugure. is a red rake ware – hand built, low fired ceramic of gritty red clay. Developed especially for tea ceremony
Raku ware
(Momoyama Period - Tea ceremony)
A material. hand built, low fired ceramic of gritty red clay. Developed especially for tea ceremony
lacquer
(Edo Period - Rinpa School)
derived from the sap of a tree
* Lacquer box for writing implements
Makie
Sprinkled design where powedered gold or silver is embedded in damp laquer
(Lacquer box)
Sencha
steep tea
Tea Bowl
Key block
A key block is the block of wood that is carved out by the carver in Japanese woodblock printing.
(Tea Bowl)
registration mark
A registration mark is applied to keep the blocks for each color aligned correctly in Japanese woodblock printing.
ukiyo-e
(Edo Period - Ukiyo-e)
a style of woodblock prints depicting everyday life. Subjects mostly of Kabuki actors. “Pictures on the floating wolrd.” They are printed in Black and white and coloured by hand.
* Otani Oniji in the Role of Yakko Edobe
sukiyo-e
e
nishiki-e
(Edo Period - ?????)
brocade pictures. A japaneses Multi-colored wood block print. Separate wood blocks are created for every colour.
* The Flowers of Beauty
koan
(Edo Period - Zen Painting)
questions posed to novices by Zen masters to guide their progression toward enlightenment during meditation. “What is the sound of hand clapping” By Zen Master Hakuin ekaku.
Kosode
(Edo Period - Crafts: cloth and ceramics)
Are robes with shot sleeves* Women’s Kosode
Tachibana
(Edo Period - Crafts: cloth and ceramic)
citrus tree.
* Women’s robe
Nabeshina ware
(Edo period - Crafts: cloth and ceramic)
from kilns established by the Nabeshina samurai clan – were eventualy acquired by other noble families.
* Plate with Wisteria and Trellis Pattern
Kirkane
(Modern Period - after WW2)
cut gold leaf
* Ornamental Box: Dancing in the Cosmos
Rinpa school
(Edo period)
The modern name given to a group of artists whose art reinterpreted ancient courtly style. There artists are grouped together because of their shared artist interests; They were not just painters however they sometimes collaborated with crafts makers
* Lacquer box doe qriting implements
* Waves at Matsuchima
Meiji
Modern period. This period represents te first half of Japan’s time an imperial power. In art: this period was marked by the divison into competing European and traditional indigenous styles.
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meow meow, meow meow meow meow, meow meow meow, meow meow meowwwwww
quipu
(Inca Empire)
knotted and colored cords. Inca kept detailed accounts and historical records on quipas
Polygonal-stone wall
(Inca Empire - achitecture)
Type of stone. The sides of the stone are straight giving the block an appearnace of a polygon. The walls are built without mortar. It’s a “dry” wall.
* Macchu Picchu
Smooth-surfaced wall
(Inca Empire - architecture)
Type of stone for Temples and Palaces
* Macchu Picchu
Wampum
(North America - Eastern Woodlands)
Wampum is cylindrical purple and white shell beads called Wampum. They made belts and strings with these beads.
* Wampum belt (William Penn’s treaty with the Delaware)
Quilwork
(North America - Eastern Woodlands)
quills from porcupines and birds were dyed, then worked into rectilinear, ornamental surface patterns on deer skin clothin or birch bark items.
* Baby carrier
basketry
(North America - Eastern Woodlands)
is the weaving of reeds, grasses, and other plant materials to form containers
* Feathered basket
coiling
(North America - Eastern Woodlands)
Basketry technique. Involves sewing together a spiraling foundation of rods with some other material
* Feather Basketry
beadwork
(North America - Eastern Woodlands)
mimicked the pattern of quilling. It eventially replaced quillwork and incorporated European design.
* Bandolier Bag
twinning
(North America - Eastern Woodlands)
Basketry technique. Twists multiple elements around a vertical warp of rods. Plaiting waves strips over and under each other.
Ovoid
(North America - Northwest Coast)
Slightly bent rectangle with rounded corners
* Chilkat Blanket
Form line
(North America - Northwest Coast)
a feature in the indigenous art, distinguished by the use of characteristic shapes referred to as ovoids, U forms, and S forms. black, continuous, shapes defining lines.
*Chilkat Blanket
potlatches
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Blackware
(North America - Southwest)
ceramic style notable for its elegant forms and subtle textures.
* Blackware storage Jar
Koshares
(North America - Southwest)
Name for a group of Indian dancers. who wore masks.
nadle
e
Navajo
Native American territory.
Tenochitilan
City of Aztec. Largest city in world at the time.
Cuzco
Inca. a capital of great splendour. Its urban plan was said to have been designed by the Inca Pachacuti. City was devided into upper and lower parts.
* Machu Picchu
Plains painting
e
Hamatsa
practice of cannibalism?
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Pacific Cultures
Terra Nullius
a land that belong to no one.
atoll
e
rarrk
A style of painting known as cross hatching.
* The Burunga Statement
korambo
(Melansia - architecture)
A type of house. Built as sign of wealth. Three zones of facade: woven mat, wooden lintel painted and carved, and sago bark panels painted.
bilum
(Melansia - New Guinea)
Item made by women from single piece of thread. purpose: Carries items, Woman wear their husbands to morn their death, and symbols a bride getting married.
* Women wearing net Bags (bilum)
bisj pole
(Melansia - New Guinea)
purpose: embodies the spirits of the ancestors and paid tribute to them.
material: Mangrove tree.
(The birds eat the fruits (head) of the trees (humans))
*Asmat Ancestral Spirit Poles (Bisj)
malagan
(Melansia - New Ireland)
- are death and commemorative rites that take place up to 2 years before death. The greater the malagan the greater prominence the clan leader had.
- ALSO, initiated young men and women into adulthood
- Malagan display
tubuan mask
(Melansia - New Britain)
Female masks for initiation and ceremonies that only occur every year. Tuba gives birth to Male masks called dukduks (faceless). Female masks have eyes, conical shape.
Stick charts
They represent a system of mapping ocean swells, islands, etc. Wapepe: is a small shaped chart which shows wave patterns around single or atolls and was used for teaching purposed only.
* Wapepe navigation chart.
mana
(Polynesia) word found in Austronesian languages meaning “power, effectiveness, prestige”. Power is understood to be supernatural. The first born was most sacred and had the most mana.
- Mana could be earned or lost and was protected by laws of conduct called tapu.
- objects had mana too.
tiki
(polynesia) figures carved in stone, wood, and somteimes human bone.
Koru
(polynesia - architecture)
a pattern. a curling stalk with a bulb at the end that resembles the young tree fern, dominates the design system
** Te-Hau-Ki-Turanga (Maori Meeting House)
poupou
(Polynesia - Marquesas isalnd)
house panel. carved with steel tools.
* Carved figure form storehouse doorway
moai
(Polynesia - Rapa Nui)
Stone figures of ancestors
tapa
(Polynesia - Samoa)
Bark cloth made by women.
Used for clothin, sails, mats, and ceremonial purpose
siapo
(Polynesia - Samoa)
The name for bark cloth in Somoa. (other name is tapa). made from stripping the inner bark from branches of the paper mulberry tree. The bark is beaten with a wooden mallet, then folded over and beaten again.
upeti
e
The Barunga Statement
(Modern Oceania)
1788: James cook claimed Australia for Britain
1988: Called for broader Aboriginal rights.
The Dreaming
(Australia)
refers to the ongoing period before human existed.
ere ibeji
image of twin
* Twin figures
bwami
(Traditional Africa - Initiation)
For Initiation of young men and women. A political system based on a voluntary association called bwami, which comprises six levels or grades. Men and women can belong to swami (but women cannot receive a higher grade then men)
* Bwami mask (Lukwakongo)
kikaki
(Traditional Africa - Initiation)
a three sided roofed enclosure built at cross roads near initiation center. It announced that initiation was soon to be finished and their children will soon be home.
* Initiation wall panel
nkanda
(Traditional Africa - Initiation)
a celebration of coming of age initiation rites, by creating brightly painting sculptures and decorated wall panels with human and animal figures. For the Kikaku of the Nkanu people.
minkisi
(Traditional Africa - spirit world)
pural of Nkisi. meaning container. are objects harnessing spirit forces of powers, and were made by the Kongo and Songye peoples of the Democratic Republic of Congo, primarily during the 19th and early 20th centuries. to alleviate illness, protect vulnerable individuals, and bring success in hunting, trade, and other.
Spirit spouse
(Traditional Africa - spirit world)
Other world wife or otherworld husband.
divination
(Traditional Africa - spirit world)
Yoruba have 2 important gods (orisha). Two orate are principle mediators: Orunmilia who represents certainty, fate, order, and equilibrium. and his counterpart Eshu who represents uncertainty, disorder, and chance.
Kente
(Traditional Africa - Leadership)
woven textiles. A symbol of leadership.
nganga
(chokwe diviner) shakes basket of symbolic objects and interprets the objects according to the way they come to rest inside the basket
*Divination Basket (Ngombo)
power figure
houses powerful spiritual forces.
dama
(Traditional Africa - Death and Ancestors)
a collective funeral rite in Dogon funerary Dama. A variety of different masks perdorm to the sound of gunfire to drive the souls of the deceased from the village.
Ngady Mask
(Traditional Africa - Death and Ancestors)
“Female mask” carved form wood, decorated with beads and shells.
- Dances gracefully
bwoom
(Traditional Africa - Death and Ancestors)
“male mask” They carry sword and shows power and aggression in the dance
bieri (nsek) (eyema)
(Traditional Africa - Death and Ancestors)
A common belief that the skull, bones, and relics of ancestors who had performed great deeds during their lifetime were collected after burial and placed in a cylindrical barm container (nsek-bieri). SO a wooden sculpture (eyema bieri) is placed on top of the container holding the relics.
uli
a design
diaspora
disappearance of Jews
Nankani
City in Ghana Africa.
Yoruba
An ethnic group of people in Nigeria. Religion: Christianity, Islam. Yoruba has two important gods (orisha). Orunmilia and Eshu.
Bwa
An ethnic group in Bali. Africa.
Sande
women’s society in Africa.
Lega
An ethnic group of Congo. Africa.
Nkanu
Place in Africa.
Orunmila and Eshu
Yoruba gods.
Orunmila: represents certainty, fate, order, and equilibrium
Eshu: represents uncertainty, disorder, and chance.
Ashanti
an african empire.
Dogon
An ethnic group who lives in Mali
Fang
An ethnic group in Guinea.
CHAPTER 30
jsdogjdsog
rationalism
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salons
(Rococo)
refers to large rooms in the hotels as well as social events that are decorated in Rococo style.
arabesque
(Rococo - architecture)
an architecture element. flowing lines and swirling shapes.
** Salon de la Princesse, Hotel de Soubise
volute
(Rococo - architecture)
a scroll like ornament. (from an ionic column)
** Salon de la Princesse, Hotel de Soubise
boiseries
(Rococo - architecture)
carved wood panels on floors and roofs embellished in low relief carvings.
** Salon de la Princesse, Hotel de Soubise
memento mori
(Rococo)
clock surmounted by an allegorical figure of fame and sheltering a pair of lovers
*The Signboard of Gersaint
vanitas
e
fete galante
(Rococo)
a new category created after Jean Antoine Watteau’s painting called “Pilgrimage to the island of Cythera”. An elegant outdoor entertainment.
Grand Tour
(Grand Tour)
(1660-1840) a tradition were a customary trip to Europe undertaken by wealthy Europeans and some Americans.
purpose: as cultural broadening and associated with a fairly standard itinerary.
Itinerary: England —> France —> Switzerlands —> Spain —> Northern Italy —> Venice —> Rome —> German —> Flanders —> home.
Pastel
(Grand Tour - Italy Portraits)
Used for portraits to dry quicker then oils so tourists could spend more time doing tourist things. Rosalba Carriera used pastel
*
Capriccio
(Grant Tour - Italy view)
an imaginary landscape or cityscape in which the artist mixed actual structures, such as famous ruins, with imaginary ones to create attractive compositions
Veduta
(Grand Tour - Italy view)
a more naturalistic rendering of famous views and buildings, well known tourists attractions, and local color in the form of tiny figures of the Venetian people and visiting tourists.
Picturesque
(Neoclassicism - architecture)
Pleasant, agreeable, and popular. used to describe “picturelike” qualities of some landscape scenes.
* The Park at Stourhead
jasperware
(Neoclassicism - Rome)
a fine-grained, unglazed, colored pottery.
* The Apotheosis of Homer
* “Am I not a man and a brother?”
Coterie
e
intaglio
type of printmaking
landscape architecture
e
crenellation
(Gothic Revival - architecture) the battlements of a castle or other building
** Strawberry hill
academies
(Academic art - Britain)
The French government founded a number of academies for students in literature, painting/sculpture, music/dance, and architecture.
* Academicians of the Royal Academy
history painting
(Academic Art - Britain)
(based on historical, mythological, or biblical narratives and generally converting a high moral or intellectual idea). The term is derived form the wider meanings of the word historia in Latin and Italian, meaning “story” or “narrative”, and essentially means “story painting”
* Lady Sarah Bunbury Sacrificing to the Graces
drame bourgeois
(France - enlightenment)
middle-class drama. Diderot expanded the traditional range of theatrical works in Paris from mostly exaggerated and comedy included the drama bourgeois. and “middle tragedy”
* The Village bride, or the Marriage, the moment when a father gives his son-in-law a Dowry
fesces
(France - Neoclassicism)
a bundle of 13 rods (representing the 13 colonies)
* George Washington.
atrial cross
(Spanish America indigenous)
Christian symbolism became inextricably mixed withe the symbolism of indigenous religious beliefs which can be seen in colonial atrial cross.
* Atrial cross
ateliers
(France - )
a word for studios. In france
esquisse
(early 19th France - Neoclassicism)
French word for “sketch”. A quickly executed drawing or painting conveying the overall idea for a finished painting.
* Portrait of Madame Desire Raoul-Rochette
odalisque
(early 19th France - Neoclassicism/Romanticism)
Turkish word for “harem slave girl” or “concubine”. Ingres painted these female slaves. early 19th century.
* Large Odalisque
Lithography
(early 19th France - early Realism)
Process of making a print (lithograph) from a design drawn on a flat stone block with greasy crayon. Ink is applied to the wet stone and adheres only to the greasy areas of the design.
* Rue Transnonian Le 15 avril 1834 (Honore Daumier)
sublime
19th century artists goal. Of a concept, thing, or state of greatness or vastness with high spiritual, moral, intellectual, or emotional value; or something awe-inspiring
* Snowstorm: Hannibal and His Army Crossing the Alps
landscape painter
(early 19th France - early Romantic landscape)
Lunar Society
Joseph Wright belonged to the Lunar Society, a group of industrialists (including Wedgwood), merchants, traders, and progressive aristocrats who met monthly in or near birmingham to exchange ideas about science and technology.
French Academy of Painting and Sculpture
They has hierarchy of genres: History paintings Historical portraiture Landscape painting Various other forms of portraiture Genre painting Still life Many Western Cultural capitals followed the French Academic model. Berlin (1696), Dresden (1705), London (1768). Boston (1780), Mexico City (1785), New York (1802).
barocco and rocaille
Two words that combined to one and is called Rococo
CHAPTER 31
ye ye yeeeee
bourgeoisie
the middle class, typically with reference to its percieved materialistic values or conventional attitudes.
proletariat
workers or working-class people. regarding collectively.
imperialism
e
historicism
(Academic art)
Academic art drew subjects from the past. Greek and Roman
academic vs. avant garde
e
camera obscura
a darkened chamber in which the image of an outside object is projected and focused onto a surface.
daguerreotype
An early type of photograph created by exposing a silver-coated copper surface previously exposed to iodine vapour or iodine and bromine vapours.
calotype
an early photographic introdcued in 1841 by William Henry Fox Talbot that used paper coated with silver iodide: also known as talbotype.
draft animal
e
success de scandale
a term for any artistic work whose success is attributed, in whole or in part, to public controversy surrounding the work.
ex: the stone breakers. Burial at Ornans
serfdom
(Realism - France)
is the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism. It was a condition of bondage, which developed primarily during the High Middle Ages in Europe and lasted in some countries until the mid-19th century.
* The Stone breakers
en plein air
Where artists painted outside looking at their subject instead of painting in the studio
* The rouen cathedral
complementary color
(Post-Impressionist) are pairs of colours that when combined, the cancel each other out and make a new colour.
*A sunday afternoon on the island of la Grande Jatte
pontillism/divisionism
(Post-Impressionist) a style of brushwork used to apply the paint. dots.
*A sunday afternoon on the island of la Grande Jatte
repoussoir
which roughly translates to “to push back,” this technique puts a figure or object in the extreme foreground and uses it as a contrast in order to increase the illusion of depth and focus our attention on the main subject.
* Mont Sainte-Victoire
Academic des Beaux-Art
e
Orientalism
an academic term. a critical approach to representations of the Orient of the Eastern cultures of the Middle East, North Afica, South West Asia, and South East Asia.
* The Snake Charmer
Salon des Refuses
Artists like Manet and Pissaro got rejected to display their art in the Salon. So Napoleon 3 made another exhibit so they can display their work called salon Des Refuses.
Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
(Realism - Britain)
looked back to the Middle Ages and early Renaissance (before Raphael) for beauty and spirituality that they found lacking in their own time. They believed this earlier art was more moralistic and “real”.
Japonisme
Europeans were interested in Japonise art. Especially Vincent Van gogh.
