Final Exam Ch. 13-26 Flashcards
One of twelve intimate disciples chosen by Jesus to be “sent out” to continue his ministry and to bring the gospel to others, though Paul is later counted among them?
apostle
A title for the followers of Christ, first applied to believers in Antioch
Christian
A Jewish creed from Dt 6 which declares the unity of God and the wholehearted devotion of the believer to him
Shema
A theological emphasis on the divinity of Jesus rather than his humanity
high Christology
Jesus’ coming back to life three days after his death and his extension of this glorified life to those who believe in him
resurrection
Participation in the messianic age through faith in Christ rather than adherence to Jewish Law and custom
new covenant
A scholarly shift in interpreting Paul’s opponents to be Jewish legalism and not good works in general
new perspective
The process of becoming righteous
justification
“Saul of Tarsus” who is converted by Christ on the way to Damascus and changes from persecuting the church to being its greatest missionary
Paul
A free city in the province of Cilicia whose inhabitants were known for their learning; home to Saul/Paul and the rabbi Gamaliel
Tarsus
The Nabatean kingdom south of Damascus where Paul first preached after his conversion
Arabia
The half-brother of Jesus
James
A Cypriot Jew and companion of Paul on his missionary journeys
Barnabas
Paul’s final missionary destination
Spain
The removal of foreskin at the end of the penis which marked a man as a Jew
circumcision
A movement prevalent in the early church where Judaizers encouraged Gentile Christians to undergo circumcision and follow the Jewish Law
Judaizing
A time governed by sin, death, and adherence to the Law
old age
A time governed by grace, life, and communion with God inaugurated by Jesus
new age
The art of persuasion which governed public discourse in antiquity
rhetoric
A source’s credibility or the speaker’s/author’s authority
ethos
Emotional or motivational appeals; vivid language, emotional language and numerous sensory details.
pathos
Logic used to support a claim or facts used to help support the argument.
logos
A Gentile believer who sympathized with Judaism but did not fully adopt Jewish theology or practice
God-fearer
When the apostles convened and decided that Gentile believers do not need to observe the Jewish Law and customs in order to be saved in Christ
Jerusalem council
A region named for ethnic Gauls who lived there which also extended South to Pisidian Antioch
Galatia
The patriarch in the Old Testament who is often called the “Father of Faith” and who also originated the practice of circumcision
Abraham
“Cephas”; a leader among the apostles who is the protagonist in the first part of Acts, who Paul chastises in Galatians for endorsing circumcision
Peter
The second coming of Christ
parousia
Falling away from or abandoning the faith
apostasy
Generically one who is opposed to Christ, or specifically Satan or the Devil; John clarifies this as one who denies God was revealed in the flesh in Jesus
Antichrist
Macedonian city named after Alexander the Great’s sister
Thessalonica
Paul’s traveling companion, cofounder of churches, and amanuensis
Silas
Paul’s traveling companion, cofounder of churches, circumcised by Paul
Timothy
A dry canal constructed in order to carry goods across the isthmus of Corinth
Dioklos
A region brought under Roman rule
Roman colony
A speaker’s platform erected during the Augustan period
bema
Skilled orators who would often impress people with their rhetoric and would teach anything for money
Sophists
Living unmarried, single, and without sexual relations
celibacy
Christians in Corinth who do eat meat offered to idols
“weak” Christian
Christians in Corinth who refrain from eating meat from idols
“strong” Christian
Someone who writes a letter which is dictated by the author; they often have editorial or stylistic influence on the final writing
amanuensis
A Roman province in the Greek region of Peloponnesus
Achaia
Proconsul in the Roman province of Achaia
Gallio
A Roman region north of Achaia; home of Alexander the Great
Macedonia
Paul’s opponents who claim to have more authority than the apostles based on their revelatory dreams
super-apostles
A letter written to the Corinthian church after Paul’s painful visit which we do not have
tearful letter
The author uses both praise and blame to persuade his readers
epideitic rhetoric
A collection Paul is trying to gather from all the churches to aid the famine in Judea
the famine relief collection
One who delivers a speech
orator
Giving a proportion of one’s income to support the church
tithing
The northern arm of the Mediterranean Sea with the regions of Achaia to the west, Macedonia and Thrace to the north, Asia Minor and Phrygia to the east, and Crete to the south.
Aegean Sea
The city in Achaia from which Paul wrote his letters to the Thessalonians and the Romans
Corinth
A prominent city in Asia Minor whose people were originally converted by John the Baptist and whose church was influenced by John the apostle
Ephesus
Paul’s traveling companion, cofounder of churches, circumcised by Paul
Timothy
Gentile converted by Paul who accompanied him on missionary travels and led the church in Crete
Titus
A rhetorical device with a series of questions to which the answer is always an emphatic “no” (“may it never be”, “by no means”)
diatribe
The process of becoming holy
sanctification
A Greek word sometimes being translated as “expiation,” “propitiation,” meaning an act of appeasing or making well-disposed
hilasterion
The erroneous idea that the absence of the Law means we should keep sinning so grace can abound all the more
antinomianism
The center of the Roman Empire and the place where Peter and Paul were martyred
Rome
Someone in Corinth whose greetings Paul passes on to those in Rome
Gaius
Noble woman and deaconess of the church in Cenchreae who delivers Paul’s letter to the Romans
Phoebe
Paul’s amanuensis who wrote the letter to his Romans and greets them
Tertius
A region east of the Aegean Sea (now Turkey) which held the cities mentioned by John in Revelation
Asia Minor
A coworker of Paul who founded the Colossian church
Epaphras
A small Roman town in Asia Minor east of Ephesus with its prominent neighbors, Laodicea and Hierapolis
Colossae
A word or phrase which occurs only once in a selection
hapax legomena
Elemental or spiritual forces of nature popular in ancient forms of animism
stoicheia
A rhetorical device with a central argument set in the middle of clauses that have inverted parallelism in which the first thing introduced is the last thing revisited
chiasmus
The practice of bringing multiple belief systems, religions, philosophies, or practices together
syncretism
Using divine names, utterances, or other tricks to manipulate the forces of nature or influence the spiritual realm
magic
The theme of Paul’s letter to Philippians
joy
The Roman road that cut across the province of Macedonia
Via Egnatia
Soldiers charged with the protection of the emperor and the suppression of social elements which could cause unrest
the Praetorian
The act of not having personal freedom and being owned by another, which accounts for the largest group of people in Roman society who have the lowest social status
slavery
Port city on the northern part of the Aegean Sea (named after the father of Alexander the Great) which later become a Roman colony where Latin was spoken and there were no taxes
Philippi
Paul’s traveling companion, cofounder of churches, and amanuensis
Silas
The only Gentile author of the New Testament who writes his gospel and the book of Acts which details the activity of the apostles and the founding of many early churches
Luke
A man who almost commits suicide when an earthquake breaks open the prison where Paul and Silas are, but they did not leave and he ends up converting to Christ
Philippian jailer
Runaway slave who encounters Paul in Rome and converts to Christ but still belongs to Philemon
Onesimus
Secret salvific knowledge
gnosis
Writings which have unknown origins or are attributed to another author
pseudepigraphy
A morally corrupt Greek island where Titus ministered
Crete
A phrase for Judaizers who encourage the Law of Moses on Gentile believers in Christ
“teachers of the law”
The group of “dispersed” Jews existing outside of Judea or Israel.
dispersion
A meeting of Jews for prayer, reading Scripture, and discussing the Law which developed in the absence of the temple
synagogue
A common literary theme which many ancient writers or philosophers would deal with
topos
The home of the temple, the center of Jewish festal life, and the capital of Judea
Jerusalem
The interpretive technique which argues from smaller to large
qal wahomer
The interpretive technique used by Paul which focuses on people and events in the Old Testament as prefiguring Christ
typology
The foreshadowing of themes
inclusio
The repetition of a word
anaphora
The sacrificial death of Christ which effects a union between God and man
atonement
“At-one-ment”
In a patron/client relationship the gifts given by a patron is responded to with the giving of thanks by the client
reciprocity
A priest figure in the Old Testament who blesses Abram with an offering of bread and wine
Melchizedek
Writings which have unknown origins or are attributed to another author
pseudepigrapha
A final “farewell” collection of what one believes and thinks that can be shared and will remain after they have passed on
testament
Philosophical school that denied divine providence and believed that the world ran by chance, and pleasure was the highest good in life
Epicureanism
One whose personal opinions diverge from the truth of the whole church
heretic
A heresy which states that the material world is inherently evil and that secret salvific knowledge is conveyed on individuals
Gnosticism
The one who delivers John’s third epistle
Demetrius
The prominent leader who rejected John, his letters, and his emissaries.
Diotrephes
From the Greek word dokeo (“to seem”), a heresy which claimed that Jesus was not really human but only “seemed” to be human
Docetism
The theology concerning the person and work of Jesus, especially concerning his humanity and divinity
Christology
“Spirit”, “wind”, or “breath” in Greek
pneuma
A name employed by John in his letters when he mentions himself
“the elder”
A literary category with characteristic forms, styles, or subject matter
genre
A revelatory literature with a narrative framework
Apocalypse
A statement of what God wills to work out in history
prophecy
The interpretation that there will be a thousand-year reign of blessedness beginning with the imminent Second Coming of Christ.
premillenialism
The interpretation that the Second Coming of Christ will be the culmination of the thousand-year reign of blessedness wherein there are massive conversions to Christ and a thwarting of Satan
postmillenialism
The interpretation that there will be no literal thousand-year reign of Christ from his throne in Jerusalem, and that the eternal kingdom follows the Final Judgment
amillenialism
The teaching that believers who are alive at the return of Christ will be taken up with the resurrected believers.
rapture
One thousand years
Millenium
A period of trial wherein evil seems to have the upper hand and Christians are persecuted before Christ returns in victory
tribulation
When Jesus returns at the end of history
Second Coming
The word for premillennialism in the early church
chiliasm
A Christian evangelical, futurist, biblical interpretation teaching that God has related to human beings in different ways under different Biblical covenants in a series of “dispensations,” or periods in history
dispensationalism
“The beloved apostle” who wrote this Gospel and who took Jesus’ mother Mary into his house from the cross
John
A city in Asia Minor known for its tree-lined streets which produced a resin for making myrrh; it was symbolized by a crown
Smyrna
A city in Asia Minor known for its parchment
Pergamum
A city in Asia Minor known for being a crossroads in trade, and it had many guilds dedicated to the local and imperial religions
Thyatira
A city in Asia Minor which suffered a major earthquake and was known for its softness
Sardis
A city in Asia which suffered an earthquake and also patiently endured persecution
Philadelphia
A city in Asia which was known for being lukewarm, both spiritually and in terms of its water which was brought by aqueducts from far away
Laodicea
A manuscript written by the original author
autograph
Studying the authenticity of texts
textual criticism
An early “book” comprised of bounded sheets of papyrus
codex
Instances of the same text which contain various differences
variants
Different forms of the same text which might use a different orthography, organizational pattern, or language
text types
Manuscripts from the fourth to the ninth century which use capital Greek letters
uncials
The “received text” or collection of Greek New Testament texts which served as the basis for many translations including the Luther Bible and the King James Version
Textus Receptus
The established “measure” and collection of books considered part of Scripture
canon
The “rule of faith,” a summary of essential tenets of Christianity as determined by the apostles who knew Jesus
regla fides
Aramaic translation of the Hebrew Scriptures or another text
targumim
Roman numerals for “seventy”; shorthand for the Septuagint
LXX
Church Father who translated the Bible from the original Hebrew and Greek into the Latin Vulgate
Jerome
English theologian, reformer, and translator of the Vulgate into Middle English
John Wycliffe
English translator of the Bible from the original languages into English who was strangled and burned
William Tyndale
Burge, Cohick, and Green identify the most likely author of James to be ____________________.
James, the brother of Jesus
James addressed his letter to ______________________.
the twelve tribes in the Dispersion
Hebrews presents Jesus as the unique High Priest before God.
True
Most early church fathers accepted John as the author of Hebrews.
False
Many modern scholars question 1 Peter’s authenticity because the Greek style is very poorly written.
False
Jude utilizes pseudepigraphal literature in his letter
True
According to Burge, Cohick, and Green, the author of Jude is most likely Jude _________________.
the brother of Jesus
While Christian traditions has attributed 1–3 John to John the Apostle, the letters are actually anonymous (expect that 2 and 3 John call their author “the elder”).
True
What is the city most associated with the location of 1–3 John?
Ephesus
Part of the reason why Revelation is such an enigma to understand is because it is comprised of three different genres: epistle, prophecy, and ______________.
apocalypse
