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VICTIMOLOGY 2 > Final Exam Ch 12 > Flashcards

Final Exam Ch 12 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. How have changes in life expectancy affected the demographic composition of the United States population?
A

Number of senior citizens in the US will continue to grow.

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2
Q
  1. Use Figure 12–1 to explain what aging trends the United States population has seen and what trends are anticipated.
A

The population of elderly people was very small in 1900 and the figure depicts that it will double the size it is now by 2050. There has been a dramatic surge in elderly people

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3
Q
  1. Take Table 12–2 and list four characteristics of older Americans.
A
  1. Almost half of women 75+ live alone
  2. Almost 3.5 million elderly persons were below the poverty level in 2011
  3. The elderly population increased 18% from 2000-2011
  4. 13.3% of the American population is elderly
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4
Q
  1. What role do older Americans play in political action?
A

Form a considerable voting constituency.

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5
Q
  1. What is a “gerontologist?”
A

People who study the aging process, tend to be critical of efforts to link old age to chronological years of life.

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6
Q
  1. Explain who the elderly are.
A

People over the age of 65

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7
Q
  1. Look at Table 12–3 and determine whether the elderly are overrepresented or underrepresented in victimization statistics?
A

Underrepresented

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8
Q
  1. Name the two components that make up fear of crime.
A
  1. ) The actual odds of being victimized

2. ) The subjective or perceived risk of victimization

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9
Q
  1. What is the “fear-crime paradox?”
A

One would expect that because crime against the elderly is relatively low, there should be a corresponding reduced fear of crime for that group. When the level of fear is incongruent with the supposed cause of fear, it becomes necessary to find alternative explanations for that fear.

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10
Q
  1. What difficulties surround the measurement of fear?
A

Measures of fear vary by the definition used by different researchers. Fear can be elicited by different events or situations, depending on what evokes emotions in varied individuals.

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11
Q
  1. What does Figure 12–6 show?
A

Respondents reporting concern about types of criminal victimization

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12
Q
  1. Explain what “risk” means.
A

Chances of becoming a victim of crime.

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13
Q
  1. List four risk factors to which the elderly are exposed.
A
  1. ) Economic resources
    1. ) Where they live
    2. ) Whether they live alone
    3. ) Diminished physical abilities
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14
Q
  1. Explain what “vulnerability” means.
A

The ease of being victimized and the impact the crime has upon the victim.

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15
Q
  1. Give three vulnerability factors, and explain how they affect fear of crime among the elderly.
A
  1. ) Physical attributes
    1. ) Financial concerns
    2. ) Social connections
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16
Q
  1. What is “vicarious victimization?”
A

People who have had no actual victimization experiences themselves become acutely aware of others who were preyed upon by criminals.

17
Q
  1. How does vicarious victimization relate to fear of crime?
A

“It could have happened to me”

18
Q
  1. Compare and contrast elderly abuse and elderly neglect.
A

Elderly abuse- physical abuse. Elderly neglect- Paying no attention.

19
Q
  1. Explain the various forms of elderly abuse and elderly neglect contained in Table 12–4 of your textbook.
A
  1. Physical Abuse - inflicting or threatening to inflict physical pain on an elder or depriving them of a basic need
  2. Emotional Abuse - Inflicting mental pain or anguish on an elderly person through verbal or nonverbal acts
  3. Sexual Abuse - Non-consensual sexual act of any kind, coercing an elder to witness sexual behaviors
  4. Neglect - Refusal or failure by those responsible to provide food, shelter, health care or protection for a vulnerable elder
  5. Abandonment - The desertion of a vulnerable elder by anyone who has assumed the responsibility for care or custody of that person
20
Q
  1. Referring to Table 12–5 and Figure 12–7 of your textbook, give some estimates of how much and what kinds of elderly maltreatment take place every year.
A

Almost 382,000 cases of elderly abuse take place every year, most is physical abuse (which explains the fear of walking alone in a neighborhood)

VICTIMOLOGY 2 (2 decks)

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