Final Exam (Cattle; Small Ruminant & Poultry Nutrition) Flashcards
What is the name of this dairy breed ?
A. Holestein-Friesland
B. Jersey
C. Brown Swiss
D. Ayrshire
C. Brown Swiss
And this one ?
A. Jersey
B. Brown Swiss
C. Ayrshire
C. Ayrshire
Name this beef cattle breed
A. Holstein B. Texas Longhorn C. Brahman D. Charolais E. Hereford F. Angus
E. Hereford
And this one ?
A. Holstein-Friesland B. Texas Longhorn C. Brahman D. Charolais E. Hereford F. Angus G. Brown Swiss H. None of the above
H. None of the above
What is the target in dairy farms for lactation length ?
A. 305 days B. 365 days C. 205 days D. 265 days E. None of the above
A. 305 days
And for the dry period ?
A. 10 days B. 30 days C. 60 days D. 80 days E. 100 days
C. 60 days
2 months
What animal would you expect to be more likely to develop a nutrition-related problem such as bloat or acidosis?
A. Steer in Feedlot
B. Steer in Pasture
A. Steer in Feedlot
A heifer inseminated on the 15th November 2016 will calve in ____ and will start the dry period in ______.
A. August 2017 and June of the following year
B. May 2017 and May of the following year
C. May 2017 and July of the following year
D. August 2017 and December of the following year
A. August 2017 and June of the following year
In a dairy cow and on the first 5 weeks of lactation the fat content of milk ______
A. Increases, unlike milk volume produced
B. Decreases, unlike milk volume produced
C. Increases, like milk volume produced
D. Decreases, like milk volume produced
B. Decreases, unlike milk volume produced
In which part of the lactation curve do cows produce the highest amount of milk per day ?
A. 10 weeks B. 20 weeks C. 5 weeks D. 40 weeks E. Equal throughout lactation
C. 5 weeks
What is the normal pH in the rumen of a dairy
None of the above
Note: It is 6.5
What would be the most adequate (high quality) forage for high-yeild lactating dairy cow ?
straw praire grass hay pg silage corn silage pasture
Corn silage
contains 50% grain in a DM basis) 8% is protein, low on minerals (supplementation needed
Dairy cow feeding can be divided into 4 different
1 and 2
Which phase
1
and the lowest ?
1
2
3
3
Which animal would have the colostrum with a Higher variety of immunoglobulins
cow at third lactation
What should be the BCS at the end of phase one of lactation
A. 2.0 -2.5
B.
C.
D.
A. 2.0-2.5
What is the breeding for fall calving ?
A. November - January
A. November - January
How would you increase the efficiency of a pasture ?
A. Rotational grazing B. Use more productive varieties C. Use the adequate proportion of legumes and grasses D. Fertilize pastures E. All of the above F. None of the above
E. All of the above
Calve creep feeding is not advantageous for the adaptation of steers to feedlot finishing
True or False
False
To lactating beef cows, generally speaking there is no need to feed mineral blocks
True or False
True and false
Both are accepted
It depends
Which metabolic disease is associated to high-altitude?
F. None of the above
Which metabolic disease is associated to Se deficiency
white muscle disease
Where is Se deficiency more likely to be a problem in a beef cattle herd
Pacifc NW (Washington State)
Hole stein-Friesland Jersey Brown Swiss Ayrshire Gir Guernsey Milking shorthorn
Are examples of?
Dairy cattle breeds
Name some important beef breeds:
Angus Hereford Highland cattle Shorthorn Charolais Brahman Texas longhorn
T or F
Ultimately all dairy breeds can be used for meat production but yield poor quality meat.
True
Ex. Simmentaler/fleckvieh
Normande
90% of dairy breeds are:
Holstein-Friesland (black and white)
This dairy breed cattle is the smallest; good at grazing and can be bull aggressive
Jersey
Cow calf ops (a cow herd that produces calves that are raised until one year old) are fed…
On pastures
Feedlots are fed…
Roughage [hay] + grain [corn]
Diet switches from mostly roughage to 70-90% grain (concentration diet)
Dairy cows will produce ________gallons/day on average.
6.5
Describe the dairy lactation curve:
Peak lactation (4-10 was) then decreases until drying off
Fat and protein content decreases until wk 10 then stabilizes
Dry matter intake increases with lactation
Body weight and BCS decreases during peak lactation then increases afterwards
T or F
Milk production is always limited by the genetic (25%) and environmental (75%) component
True
In cattle 60-80% of the DM should come from roughage a and the rest from concentrates and/or grain
True or false
True
Holstein-Friesland
Number 1 dairy cattle breed in the world
Black and white
2.5-3.5% milk fat
Jersey
2nd most important dairy breed (don’t produce as much milk as Holstein)
Light fawn to black Small size Good grazing ability Can be nervous and bull aggressive 4.9% milk fat
Brown Swiss
Dairy cattle Gray color Good grazer Docile Heat tolerance 4% milk fat
Ayrshire
Dairy cattle
Brown/red and white
Good grazing ability
4% milk fat
Angus
Beef cattle black, smooth hair Red (recessive gene)- red angus Perform well in feedlots High quality carcass well-marbled meat
Herfored
2nd most important beef breed High beef yield white faces and red bodies docile and easily handled used in the ranching systems in western US
Shorthorn/polled shorthorn
Beef
origin of 30 other different breeds
adaptable
Charolais
most important beef breeds in Europe
white color, pink skin
lean carcass
high carcass yield
Brahman
Beef (aka Zebu) Grey or red heat tolerance quality carcass ability to forage on poor pastures
Texas Longhorn
beef adapted to harsh environments tolerant to diseases and parasites slow maturity can survive on sparse rangelands
Female calves are kept on artificial milk,
weaned at 35-45 days and reared for
another 420 days
true or false
true
Dairy could have a life span of _____yrs but are typically slaughtered at _____months (3-5lactations)
20yrs …. 84mo
