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Pharmacology > Final Exam Blueprint pt 2 > Flashcards

Final Exam Blueprint pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs are opioid agonists?

A

morphine, fentanyl, codeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, meperidine, methadone, oxycodone, oxymorphone

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2
Q

Adverse effects of opioid

A

respiratory depression, cardiac arrest, neurotoxicity (delirium, agitation, mild clonus), orthostatic hypotension, hallucinations

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3
Q

What drug is an opioid antagonist?

A

naloxone (narcan)

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4
Q

How do we know we need to give naloxone

A

respirations less than 10/minute, coma, difficult to arouse

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5
Q

How to recognize penicillins (antibiotic)

A

ends in -cillin

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6
Q

How to recognize cephalosporins (antibiotic)

A

begin with cef- or ceph-

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7
Q

Indications for penicillins and cephalosporins

A

infections

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8
Q

General adverse reactions of cephalosporins and penicillin’s

A

hypersensitivity (pruritus, rash, hives) and superinfection (pseudomembranous colitis)

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9
Q

General treatment for cephalosporins and penicillins

A

barrier method for birth control, vancomycin for superinfection, allergy bracelets, increase fluids

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10
Q

Nursing interventions for penicillins

A

monitor diligently for allergy, get C&S BEFORE antibiotic, RFT and LFT, s/s of bleeding, superinfection, check compatibility (contraindicated with aminoglycosides), report abnormal labs, calculate doses twice

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11
Q

Nursing interventions for cephalosporins

A

allergy, C&S before, RFT and LFT, monitor for bleeding and superinfection, use large muscle for IM, report abnormal labs, infuse over 30 minutes

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12
Q

Side and adverse effects of vancomycin

A

red man syndrome, ototoxitiy, nephrotoxicity, Steven-johnson syndrome, thrombophlebitis

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13
Q

nursing interventions for vancomycin

A

C&S first, obtain peak and trough levels, infuse over 60 minutes to prevent red man syndrome, monitor infusion site, reduce rate if IV is hurting, monitor RFTs, monitor superinfection (does not cause Cdiff)

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14
Q

What should we administer if our patient develops red man syndrome

A

stop infusion and administer diphenhydramine

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15
Q

What drug is an amino glycoside?

A

gentamicin (infuses over 30 minutes)

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16
Q

gentamicin requires that the nurse monitor serum

A

peak and trough levels

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17
Q

If gentamicin was given at 10am , what time do we draw peak and trough levels

A

draw peak @ 11:00 ; trough @ 9:30 (30 minutes before)

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18
Q

How to recognize fluorquinolones

A

end in -oxacin

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19
Q

Indications for fluorquinolones

A

infection (?)

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20
Q

Adverse effects of fluorquinolones

A

arthropathy, achilles tendon rupture, crystalluria, hypersensitivity, neuropathy, photoxicity, arrhythmia

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21
Q

Indications for acyclovir (antiviral)

A

herpes simplex viruses and Varicella zoster virus

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22
Q

Indications for fluconazole

A

serious fungal or candida (yeast) infections of vagina, mouth, and skin

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23
Q

Indications for INH

A

tuberculosis

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24
Q

Side and adverse effects of INH

A

neuropathy and hepatotoxicity

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25
Q

Nursing interventions/Patient teaching for ING

A

take b6/pyridoxine to prevent neuropathy, s/s of hepatitis (jaundice, abdominal pain, anorexia), LFTs, avoid alcohol and tyramine (fermented foods) , use barrier method of BC

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26
Q

Indications for tamoxifen

A

stop growth of breast cancer cells

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27
Q

Adverse effects of tamoxifen

A

endometrial cancer/vaginal bleeding, hypercalcemia, N/V, blood clots, hot flashes

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28
Q

Indications for epoetin alfa

A

CKD from chemo, elective therapy, HIV/AIDS meds

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29
Q

Adverse effects of epoetin alfa

A

HTN, risk for thrombotic events, DVT, headache and body aches

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30
Q

Oprelvekin indications

A

thrombocytopenia (low white blood cells), decrease need for platelet transfusion

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31
Q

Evaluating effectiveness of oprelvekin

A

platelet level greater than 50,000

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32
Q

What drugs are decongestants?

A

pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine (oral) ; naphazoline, oxymetazoline, tetrahydrolozine, zylometazoline (topical)

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33
Q

Indications for decongestants

A

nasal congestion

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34
Q

Side effects of decongestants

A

tachycardia, nervousness, anxiety, restlessness, tremors, weakness, dry mm

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35
Q

Adverse effects of decongestants

A

hypertension, arrhythmias, palpitations, delusions, convulsions, hallucinations

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36
Q

contraindications of decongestants

A

glaucoma, preexisting hypertension, cardiac disease, and hyperthyroidism

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37
Q

What drugs are methylxanthines

A

theophylline and aminophylline

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38
Q

Indications for methylxanthines

A

asthma and bronchospasm

39
Q

Drug interactions for methylxanthines

A

smoking can decrease serum drug levels ; coffee, tea, chocolate, soda (caffeine) can make side effects worse

40
Q

What drug is a mucolytic?

A

acetylcysteine

41
Q

Patient teaching for acetylcysteine

A

antidote for acetaminophen, smells like rotten eggs (tell patient so they do not think it is expired)

42
Q

What drugs are inhaled corticosteroids?

A

beclomethasone, budesonide, flunisolide, fluticasone, mometasone, triamcinolone, ciclesonide

43
Q

Indications for inhaled corticosteroids

A

asthma and COPD (prophylactic treatment)

44
Q

Patient teaching for inhaled corticosteroids

A

use bronchodilator before, use a spacer, use every day regardless of symptoms, can take 4 weeks to see effects, rinse mouth after and clean inhaler

45
Q

What drugs are beta 2 agonists?

A

end in -aterol , short acting are albuterol, levalbuterol, pirbuterol

46
Q

What are short acting bronchodilators used to treat

A

acute bronchospasm and prevent exercise induced asthma

47
Q

Wha are long acting bronchodilators used to treat

A

preventing asthma symptoms and treat COPD

48
Q

Short acting bronchodilators should not be used more than?

A

2-3 times a week

49
Q

Rare and life threatening symptoms of bronchodilators

A

bronchospasm, urticaria, angioedema

49
Q

adverse effects for bronchodilators

A

sinus tachycardia, hypertension, palpitations, angina, hyperglycemia

50
Q

Patient teaching for bronchodilators

A

use before corticosteroids, use only as ordered, use spacer, tolerance can occur, side effects diminish over time, limit and avoid caffeine

51
Q

What drug is a cardiac glycosides?

A

digoxin

52
Q

Indications for digoxin

A

HF, A-fib, A-flutter

53
Q

Side and adverse effects of digoxin

A

cardiotoxicity (bradycardia), GI effects (anorexia, NVD), CNS effects (green yellow halos, diplopia, dysrhythmias, fatigue, drowsiness)

54
Q

What is the serum drug level range for digoxin

A

0.5-2.0

55
Q

what is the antidote for digoxin toxicity

A

digoxin immune fab (requires heart monitor)

56
Q

Nursing interventions for digoxin

A

listen to apical pulse for one full minute before administering (hold if <60 BPM) , s/s of heart failure, digoxin serum drug level, monitor potassium level

57
Q

Lab interactions that can occur with digoxin

A

hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia

58
Q

What drugs are nitrates?

A

nitroglycerin, amyl nitrate, isosorbide denigrate, isosorbide mononitrate

59
Q

Indications for nitrates

A

receive angina (chest pain)

60
Q

Patient teaching regarding nitrate transdermal patch

A

topical should be taken off at bedtime (known as nitrate free period) to prevent tolerance.

61
Q

Side effects of nitroglycerin

A

headache (take acetaminophen), hypotension, dizziness, weakness, syncope, flushing, peripheral edema, tolerance

62
Q

Adverse effects of nitroglycerin

A

orthostatic hypotension , reflex tachycardia, palpitations, dyspnea

63
Q

Contraindications of nitrates

A

PDE5 inhibitors such as tidalafil and sildenafil

64
Q

What drugs are potassium sparing diuretics

A

spironolactone, amiloride, triamterene, eplerenone

65
Q

Indications for potassium sparing

A

hypertension, hypokalemia, CHF

66
Q

Side and adverse effects of potassium sparing

A

hyperkalemia, androgen effects, gynecomastia dizziness, headache, cramping, diarrhea, tumorigenic,

67
Q

what are androgen effects

A

related to puberty/sexes

68
Q

What is gynecomastia

A

overdevelopment of breast tissue in boys

69
Q

Nursing interventions for potassium sparing

A

monitor potassium levels, tell patients to avoid potassium rich foods and potassium salt substitutes, s/s of hyperkalemia, has long half life

70
Q

What are symptoms of hyperkalemia

A

nausea, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, tingling in hands and feet

71
Q

examples of potassium rich foods

A

bananas, potatoes, dried fruit, tomatoes, nuts, apricots, citrus fruits, orange/grape/pineapple juice, bananas, prunes

72
Q

What drug is a thiazide

A

HCTZ (hydrochlorothiazide)

73
Q

Indications for HCTZ

A

hypertension, edema, heart failure

74
Q

Evaluation for thiazide diuretics

A

decreased BP, edema, dyspnea, heart failure

75
Q

What drug is a loop diuretic

A

furosemide (fastest working diuretic)

76
Q

Indications for loop diuretics

A

CHF, edema, HTN

77
Q

Patient teaching for loop diuretics

A

change positions slowly, take in AM, monitor blood glucose if diabetic, eat potassium rich foods/potassium supplement, s/s of hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, take with food, wear sunscreen, avoid foods high in sodium, daily weight

78
Q

S/s of hypokalemia

A

twitches, cramps, EKG, arrhythmias

79
Q

Patients on loop diuretics should report a weight gain of

A

5 lbs/week or 2lbs/day

80
Q

Evaluating effectiveness of loop diuretics

A

decrease blood pressure, edema, dyspnea, crackles

81
Q

How to recognize calcium channel blockers

A

-dipine + diltiazem and verapamil

82
Q

Indications for calcium channel blockers

A

hypertension

83
Q

Adverse effects of calcium channel blockers

A

edema, hypotension, bradycardia, reflex tachycardia, palpitations, CHF, Stevens Johnson syndrome

84
Q

Nursing considerations for calcium channel blockers

A

BP and HR before and after, ECG, I&O, DW, labs (LFT,RFT,CBC,glucose, K levels), edema and facial flushing

85
Q

Patient teaching for calcium channel blockers

A

taper dose because of rebound HTN, report CP/SOB, avoid statins and grapefruit juice

86
Q

Indications for clonidine

A

hypertension

87
Q

patient teaching for clonidine transdermal patch

A

change patch every 7 days, use upper arm or torso and rotate, notify provider if redness/itching occurs, depression, swelling of feet, vivid dreams, monitor BP at home

88
Q

Generic patient teaching for clonidine

A

change positions slowly, avoid beta blockers due to bradycardia, anticholingic teaching, limit sodium and report peripheral edema

89
Q

How to recognize ACE inhibitors

A

end in -pril

90
Q

Indications for ace inhibitors

A

hypertension and heart failure

91
Q

Side and adverse effects of ace inhibitors

A

A- angioedema C- cough E- elevated potassium

92
Q

Patient teaching for ACE inhibitors

A

taper dose, avoid K+ foods, BP, pregnancy, change positions slowly, improve diet and increase exercise

93
Q
A

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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