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Pharmacology > Final Exam Blueprint pt 2 > Flashcards

Final Exam Blueprint pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs are opioid agonists?

A

morphine, fentanyl, codeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, meperidine, methadone, oxycodone, oxymorphone

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2
Q

Adverse effects of opioid

A

respiratory depression, cardiac arrest, neurotoxicity (delirium, agitation, mild clonus), orthostatic hypotension, hallucinations

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3
Q

What drug is an opioid antagonist?

A

naloxone (narcan)

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4
Q

How do we know we need to give naloxone

A

respirations less than 10/minute, coma, difficult to arouse

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5
Q

How to recognize penicillins (antibiotic)

A

ends in -cillin

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6
Q

How to recognize cephalosporins (antibiotic)

A

begin with cef- or ceph-

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7
Q

Indications for penicillins and cephalosporins

A

infections

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8
Q

General adverse reactions of cephalosporins and penicillin’s

A

hypersensitivity (pruritus, rash, hives) and superinfection (pseudomembranous colitis)

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9
Q

General treatment for cephalosporins and penicillins

A

barrier method for birth control, vancomycin for superinfection, allergy bracelets, increase fluids

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10
Q

Nursing interventions for penicillins

A

monitor diligently for allergy, get C&S BEFORE antibiotic, RFT and LFT, s/s of bleeding, superinfection, check compatibility (contraindicated with aminoglycosides), report abnormal labs, calculate doses twice

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11
Q

Nursing interventions for cephalosporins

A

allergy, C&S before, RFT and LFT, monitor for bleeding and superinfection, use large muscle for IM, report abnormal labs, infuse over 30 minutes

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12
Q

Side and adverse effects of vancomycin

A

red man syndrome, ototoxitiy, nephrotoxicity, Steven-johnson syndrome, thrombophlebitis

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13
Q

nursing interventions for vancomycin

A

C&S first, obtain peak and trough levels, infuse over 60 minutes to prevent red man syndrome, monitor infusion site, reduce rate if IV is hurting, monitor RFTs, monitor superinfection (does not cause Cdiff)

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14
Q

What should we administer if our patient develops red man syndrome

A

stop infusion and administer diphenhydramine

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15
Q

What drug is an amino glycoside?

A

gentamicin (infuses over 30 minutes)

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16
Q

gentamicin requires that the nurse monitor serum

A

peak and trough levels

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17
Q

If gentamicin was given at 10am , what time do we draw peak and trough levels

A

draw peak @ 11:00 ; trough @ 9:30 (30 minutes before)

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18
Q

How to recognize fluorquinolones

A

end in -oxacin

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19
Q

Indications for fluorquinolones

A

infection (?)

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20
Q

Adverse effects of fluorquinolones

A

arthropathy, achilles tendon rupture, crystalluria, hypersensitivity, neuropathy, photoxicity, arrhythmia

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21
Q

Indications for acyclovir (antiviral)

A

herpes simplex viruses and Varicella zoster virus

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22
Q

Indications for fluconazole

A

serious fungal or candida (yeast) infections of vagina, mouth, and skin

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23
Q

Indications for INH

A

tuberculosis

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24
Q

Side and adverse effects of INH

A

neuropathy and hepatotoxicity

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25
Nursing interventions/Patient teaching for ING
take b6/pyridoxine to prevent neuropathy, s/s of hepatitis (jaundice, abdominal pain, anorexia), LFTs, avoid alcohol and tyramine (fermented foods) , use barrier method of BC
26
Indications for tamoxifen
stop growth of breast cancer cells
27
Adverse effects of tamoxifen
endometrial cancer/vaginal bleeding, hypercalcemia, N/V, blood clots, hot flashes
28
Indications for epoetin alfa
CKD from chemo, elective therapy, HIV/AIDS meds
29
Adverse effects of epoetin alfa
HTN, risk for thrombotic events, DVT, headache and body aches
30
Oprelvekin indications
thrombocytopenia (low white blood cells), decrease need for platelet transfusion
31
Evaluating effectiveness of oprelvekin
platelet level greater than 50,000
32
What drugs are decongestants?
pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine (oral) ; naphazoline, oxymetazoline, tetrahydrolozine, zylometazoline (topical)
33
Indications for decongestants
nasal congestion
34
Side effects of decongestants
tachycardia, nervousness, anxiety, restlessness, tremors, weakness, dry mm
35
Adverse effects of decongestants
hypertension, arrhythmias, palpitations, delusions, convulsions, hallucinations
36
contraindications of decongestants
glaucoma, preexisting hypertension, cardiac disease, and hyperthyroidism
37
What drugs are methylxanthines
theophylline and aminophylline
38
Indications for methylxanthines
asthma and bronchospasm
39
Drug interactions for methylxanthines
smoking can decrease serum drug levels ; coffee, tea, chocolate, soda (caffeine) can make side effects worse
40
What drug is a mucolytic?
acetylcysteine
41
Patient teaching for acetylcysteine
antidote for acetaminophen, smells like rotten eggs (tell patient so they do not think it is expired)
42
What drugs are inhaled corticosteroids?
beclomethasone, budesonide, flunisolide, fluticasone, mometasone, triamcinolone, ciclesonide
43
Indications for inhaled corticosteroids
asthma and COPD (prophylactic treatment)
44
Patient teaching for inhaled corticosteroids
use bronchodilator before, use a spacer, use every day regardless of symptoms, can take 4 weeks to see effects, rinse mouth after and clean inhaler
45
What drugs are beta 2 agonists?
end in -aterol , short acting are albuterol, levalbuterol, pirbuterol
46
What are short acting bronchodilators used to treat
acute bronchospasm and prevent exercise induced asthma
47
Wha are long acting bronchodilators used to treat
preventing asthma symptoms and treat COPD
48
Short acting bronchodilators should not be used more than?
2-3 times a week
49
Rare and life threatening symptoms of bronchodilators
bronchospasm, urticaria, angioedema
49
adverse effects for bronchodilators
sinus tachycardia, hypertension, palpitations, angina, hyperglycemia
50
Patient teaching for bronchodilators
use before corticosteroids, use only as ordered, use spacer, tolerance can occur, side effects diminish over time, limit and avoid caffeine
51
What drug is a cardiac glycosides?
digoxin
52
Indications for digoxin
HF, A-fib, A-flutter
53
Side and adverse effects of digoxin
cardiotoxicity (bradycardia), GI effects (anorexia, NVD), CNS effects (green yellow halos, diplopia, dysrhythmias, fatigue, drowsiness)
54
What is the serum drug level range for digoxin
0.5-2.0
55
what is the antidote for digoxin toxicity
digoxin immune fab (requires heart monitor)
56
Nursing interventions for digoxin
listen to apical pulse for one full minute before administering (hold if <60 BPM) , s/s of heart failure, digoxin serum drug level, monitor potassium level
57
Lab interactions that can occur with digoxin
hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia
58
What drugs are nitrates?
nitroglycerin, amyl nitrate, isosorbide denigrate, isosorbide mononitrate
59
Indications for nitrates
receive angina (chest pain)
60
Patient teaching regarding nitrate transdermal patch
topical should be taken off at bedtime (known as nitrate free period) to prevent tolerance.
61
Side effects of nitroglycerin
headache (take acetaminophen), hypotension, dizziness, weakness, syncope, flushing, peripheral edema, tolerance
62
Adverse effects of nitroglycerin
orthostatic hypotension , reflex tachycardia, palpitations, dyspnea
63
Contraindications of nitrates
PDE5 inhibitors such as tidalafil and sildenafil
64
What drugs are potassium sparing diuretics
spironolactone, amiloride, triamterene, eplerenone
65
Indications for potassium sparing
hypertension, hypokalemia, CHF
66
Side and adverse effects of potassium sparing
hyperkalemia, androgen effects, gynecomastia dizziness, headache, cramping, diarrhea, tumorigenic,
67
what are androgen effects
related to puberty/sexes
68
What is gynecomastia
overdevelopment of breast tissue in boys
69
Nursing interventions for potassium sparing
monitor potassium levels, tell patients to avoid potassium rich foods and potassium salt substitutes, s/s of hyperkalemia, has long half life
70
What are symptoms of hyperkalemia
nausea, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, tingling in hands and feet
71
examples of potassium rich foods
bananas, potatoes, dried fruit, tomatoes, nuts, apricots, citrus fruits, orange/grape/pineapple juice, bananas, prunes
72
What drug is a thiazide
HCTZ (hydrochlorothiazide)
73
Indications for HCTZ
hypertension, edema, heart failure
74
Evaluation for thiazide diuretics
decreased BP, edema, dyspnea, heart failure
75
What drug is a loop diuretic
furosemide (fastest working diuretic)
76
Indications for loop diuretics
CHF, edema, HTN
77
Patient teaching for loop diuretics
change positions slowly, take in AM, monitor blood glucose if diabetic, eat potassium rich foods/potassium supplement, s/s of hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, take with food, wear sunscreen, avoid foods high in sodium, daily weight
78
S/s of hypokalemia
twitches, cramps, EKG, arrhythmias
79
Patients on loop diuretics should report a weight gain of
5 lbs/week or 2lbs/day
80
Evaluating effectiveness of loop diuretics
decrease blood pressure, edema, dyspnea, crackles
81
How to recognize calcium channel blockers
-dipine + diltiazem and verapamil
82
Indications for calcium channel blockers
hypertension
83
Adverse effects of calcium channel blockers
edema, hypotension, bradycardia, reflex tachycardia, palpitations, CHF, Stevens Johnson syndrome
84
Nursing considerations for calcium channel blockers
BP and HR before and after, ECG, I&O, DW, labs (LFT,RFT,CBC,glucose, K levels), edema and facial flushing
85
Patient teaching for calcium channel blockers
taper dose because of rebound HTN, report CP/SOB, avoid statins and grapefruit juice
86
Indications for clonidine
hypertension
87
patient teaching for clonidine transdermal patch
change patch every 7 days, use upper arm or torso and rotate, notify provider if redness/itching occurs, depression, swelling of feet, vivid dreams, monitor BP at home
88
Generic patient teaching for clonidine
change positions slowly, avoid beta blockers due to bradycardia, anticholingic teaching, limit sodium and report peripheral edema
89
How to recognize ACE inhibitors
end in -pril
90
Indications for ace inhibitors
hypertension and heart failure
91
Side and adverse effects of ace inhibitors
A- angioedema C- cough E- elevated potassium
92
Patient teaching for ACE inhibitors
taper dose, avoid K+ foods, BP, pregnancy, change positions slowly, improve diet and increase exercise
93

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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