Final Exam bi101 Flashcards
A population of 150 turtles living in a swamp experienced a severe drought. The drought resulted in only 3 turtles being able to survive and reproduce. Which evolutionary process disrupted genetic equilibrium in this situation
Genetic Drift
A population of 150 turtles living in a swamp experienced a severe drought. The drought resulted in only 3 turtles being able to survive and reproduce. What is the name of the effect that impacted the population?
Bottleneck Effect
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium states that a population’s allele frequencies are inherently stable from one generation to the next, unless an evolutionary force is acting on the population. How often do we observe Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium in nature?
Never
The gradual change over time in allele frequencies is known as ____________________.
Microevolution
The females in a population of birds are choosing males to mate with that have brighter feathers. The result of female choosiness is that more males produced in the population have brighter colored feathers. Which evolutionary process disrupted genetic equilibrium in this situation?
Sexual Selection
Some individuals in a population of salamanders have altered genetic sequences that benefits their survival when exposed to the pathogen B. sal. Recently there has been an increase in individuals in the population that are resistant to the pathogen. Which evolutionary process disrupted genetic equilibrium in this situation?
Mutation
Some individuals in a population of butterflies have decided to join another population of the same species of butterflies. The individuals moving possess alleles that few individuals have in the new population. Which evolutionary process disrupted genetic equilibrium in this situation?
Migration
Some individuals in a population of butterflies have decided to join another population of the same species of butterflies. The individuals moving possess alleles that few individuals have in the new population. What will happen to the rare allele frequency in the new population?
The rare allele frequency will increase in presence
A group of actually or potentially interbreeding individuals that produce fertile offspring is known as a
Species
A population of hyenas are split apart by a natural disaster that causes a barrier , which prevents the two populations from mating with one another. Eventually, the populations have speciate and become to distinct species that can no longer interbreed. __________________ speciation acted on the population.
Allopatric
Organisms that have speciated due to gaining an extra set of chromosomes are known as _____________.
Polyploids
A hybrid is an individual who was the result of two different species mating and forming a viable offspring. __________________________ is another term used to describe a hybrid individual.
Allopolypoid
In a population of birds, individuals with longer wings are better at finding locations in trees that are better at protecting their young during development. Over time the population of birds has developed longer wings because it has aided in their survival. Which evolutionary process disrupted genetic equilibrium in this situation?
Natural Selection
A small group of bees decide to leave their hive, move to a new location, and create a new hive. Which evolutionary process disrupted genetic equilibrium in this situation?
Migration
A small group of bees decide to leave their hive, move to a new location, and create a new hive. What is the name of the effect that impacted the population?
Founders Effect
Individuals evolve, not populations.
False
_________________ is the process through which the characteristics of species change and new species arise.
Evolution
In the video we watched in class the male peacock spiders performed a dance for the female and she chose the individual with better dance moves to mate with. Which evolutionary process disrupted genetic equilibrium in this situation?
Sexual Selection
Evolution that involves homologous structures, which are the result of small physical differences between species is known as _______________________________.
Divergent Evolution
Characteristics in species that arose multiple times within a phylogenetic tree, but do not share a common ancestor are known as _______________________.
Analogous Structures
You, a human, can consume both plants and animals. What would you be classified as in a food web?
Secondary consumer , Primary consumer
An earthworm breaks down material in the soil, so that other organisms can use it. What would an earthworm be classified as in a food web?
Decomposer
In the wild, hawks and snakes consume mice that they find in fields. The mice feed on plant species found in the field. The hawks also consume the snakes that they find in the field. What would the hawks be classified as in a food web?
Primary Consumer , Secondary Consumer
In the wild, hawks and snakes consume mice that they find in fields. The mice feed on plant species found in the field. The hawks also consume the snakes that they find in the field. What would the snakes be classified as in a food web?
Secondary Consumer
____________________ is the accumulation and magnification of toxins that increase across trophic levels as organisms are consume
Biomagnification
Competition among individuals of different species is known as _________________________ competition.
Interspecific
Competition among individuals of the same species is known as ____________________ competition.
Intraspecfic
Sharp edges on leaves that deter animals from feeding on them, such as holly leaves, are what type of defense against predation?
Mechanical
Organisms that use camouflage, such as a chameleon, use what type of defense against predation?
Physical
Stink bugs release a compound that makes them smell bad to deter predators from consuming them, what type of defense against predation do stink bugs use?
Chemical
A pinworm can invade the large intestine of a human, which reduces the health of the human host. What type of competition is this?
Parasitism
A group of fungi, called mycorrhizal fungi, colonize plant roots. The presence of these fungi in the roots increases the size of the roots below ground, allowing the plant to take-up more nutrients and water from the soil, ultimately increasing its overall size. In turn, the fungi obtain sugars from the root system, allowing them to grow in the soil. This relationship is beneficial for both organisms. What type of competition is this?
Mutualism
An own find a hole in a tree and builds its nest. The owl is then able to produce offspring because it has a secure home to care for them in. The tree is not impacted by the presence of the owl. What type of competition is this?
Commenalism
The insect spotted lanternfly is new to the United States. Upon its arrival in the northern United States, it began causing damage to native tree species. This insect is now present in southern states and poses a problem for individuals who grow grapes because the insect feeds on grapevines. What type of species is this in the United States?
Invasive Species
A _____________ species is one that is extremely important to an ecosystem, thus the removal of the organism would cause drastic changes to the ecosystem.
Keystone
What type of sampling method would we use to estimate the population size of organisms that have the ability to move around in their habitat?
Mark and recapture
If a researcher goes out to a swamp and captures and marks 5 ogres and releases them back into the swamp. Then, the researcher goes back to the swamp and captures 5 ogres and 4 of them are marked. How many ogres are in the swamp population (do not round - leave 2 decimal places)?6.25
6.25
If a researcher goes out to a tree and captures and marks 150 beetles and releases them back into the tree. Then, the researcher goes back to the tree and captures 125 beetles and 20 of them are marked. How many beetles are in the population (do not round - leave 1 decimal places)?
937.5
A pack of hyenas travel together to capture their prey. What type of species distribution is this?
Clumped
What type of distribution explains how the students in our lecture classroom sit during lecture?
Random
What type of survivorship curve do species have that produce a lot of offspring, but very few survive?
Type 3
What term is used to describe the maximum number of individuals that a particular ecosystem or habitat can hold?
Carrying capacity
Organisms that have few offspring, provide parental care to their offspring, and typically have long life expectancies have what type of survivorship curve?
Type 1
Darwin observed changes in what characteristic of the Galapagos finches?
Beak size
Variation caused by a genetic mutation in an organism that increases the organism’s chance of surviving and reproducing is what kind of mutation?
Beneficial
A heritable trait that aids in the survival and reproduction of an organism in its present environment is known as what?
Adaption
Which of the following mechanisms disrupts equilibrium in a population when choosing a mate?
Sexual Selection
A change in allele frequencies over time within a population is known as what type of evolution?
Microevolution
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium is often observed in nature.
False
A wildfire began sweeping over a landscape and reduced the snail population from 1500 individuals to 5 individuals. What mechanism of evolution disrupted equilibrium in this situation?
Bottleneck
A population of 8000 birds on the mainland have started to outgrow their current habitat. 20 of these birds leave the mainland, fly to an uninhabited island off the coast, and start a new population. What mechanism of evolution disrupted equilibrium in this situation?
Founder effect
What term is used to describe an organism that has an extra set of chromosomes?
Polyploid
You are a scientist that wants to determine how many oak tree seedlings are in a large forested area. What type of sampling method would you use to estimate the size of the oak tree population?
Quadrat Sampling
Some plant species emit chemicals that deters other plants from growing in their vicinity. What type of species distribution do these plant species have?
Uniform
Organisms that produce a lot of offspring, but only few survive and those that do survive tend to live for a very long time have what type of survivorship curve?
Type 3
Population growth that is not limited by any factors within the population or habitat is known as what?
Exponential growth
Population growth that is limited by any factors within the population or habitat is known as what?
Logistic Growth
In an ecosystem, hawks consume snakes and mice, snakes consume mice and insects, and the insects and mice consume plants. What trophic level best describes snakes in this ecosystem?
Secondary consumer
In an ecosystem, hawks consume snakes and mice, snakes consume mice and insects, and the insects and mice consume plants. What trophic level best describes insects in this ecosystem?
Primary consumer
In an ecosystem, a group of worms are known to infect rabbits and decline the health of the rabbits. What type of interaction is this
Paratism
Epiphytes grow on other trees in tropical rainforests. The epiphytes benefit from the interaction they have with the trees they grow on and they do not have any impacts on the trees. What type of interaction is this?
Commensalism
What term is used to describe a species that would completely and drastically alter the workings of an ecosystem if removed completely?
Keystone
Which of the following is not one of the 6 major elements that are moved, used, and recycled through an ecosystem?
Sulfur
The entire water cycle is driven by what?
Sunlight
What biome is known as nature’s pharmacy?
Tropical rainforest
What is the name of the location where freshwater and saltwater meet?
Estuary
Many antibiotics are derived from which of the following groups of organisms?
Fungi
Define Autotroph
an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals
Define Heterotroph
is an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients.
Define Omnivore
an organism that eats plants and animals
Define Carnivore
an organism that mostly eats meat, or the flesh of animals
Define Herbivore
an organism that mostly feeds on plants.
Define Decomposer
organism that breaks down dead organic material
