Final Exam Babyyyyy Flashcards
What are four features of anxiety disorders?
-common
-persistent
-often goes unnoticed/undiagnosed
-if untreated, it may predict future disorders
What are some cognitive, physical, and behavioural symptoms of anxiety?
Cognitive: worry abt future events, difficulty concentrating, lack of control- anxious apprehension
Physical: increase in adrenaline, heart rate, respiration - anxious arousal
Behavioural: desire to escape - avoidance behaviours
Is there some anxiety that is normal?
yes - developmentally appropriate fears (monsters, ghosts etc)
also situations where it is appropriate to feel fear
When should you be concerned/ what criteria should we consider to determine if anxiety is clinically significant?
-if its prolonged
-is it disabling/leading to avoidance
-is it overly intense/exaggerated and unreasonable
-is it overly distressing
What are 6 associated characteristics of anxiety?
-interferes with academics
-difficulty initiating and maintaining friendships
-social withdrawal, loneliness
-low self esteem
-substance use
-chronic negative feedback loop
What is a problem some youth may struggle with when they have anxiety?
Refusal to attend classes or difficulty remaining in school for an entire day
-equally common in boys and girls
-most often occurs 5-11
-2-5% of youth
-most common during transition periods (kindergarten, middle/high school, after summer break etc.)
What are 7 types of anxiety?
-Specific phobia
-Separation anxiety
-Generalized Anxiety
-Social Anxiety
-Selective Mutism
- Agoraphobia
- panic disorder
What defines Separation Anxiety Disorder?
-extreme distress when separated from home or from attachment figures
-worry about harm to caregivers or unexpected/unfortunate event causing separation
-avoidance behaviours
-physical complaints
Which gender experiences higher risk of separation anxiety?
Girls, however it is in boys as well.
What is the comorbidity of Separation Anxiety?
-another anxiety disorder
-depressive disorder
What is the age of onset for Separation Anxiety?
Can start as early as 7-8 years old - this is earliest onset and referral age of anxiety disorders
-symptoms may fluctuate throughout course
-more than 1/3 of children’s separation anxiety persists into adulthood
What is one of the most common anxiety disorders?
Separation Anxiety Disorder
What are 6 symptoms that define generalized anxiety disorder?
-Apprehensive expectation; wide range of issues; major and minor
-Episodic or continuous; uncontrollable
-physical symptoms ( ex. sore jaw from clenching)
-Chronic worry as cognitive avoudance
-intolerance for uncertainty
-associated characteristics (ex. seek lots of reassurance, perfectionist)
What gender is more likely to have generalized anxiety?
In general it is equally common in boys and girls, but theres a slightly higher prevalence in older adolescent females.
What is the comorbidity of generalized anxiety disorder?
-for younger children: separation anxiety, and conduct problems
-for older children: specific phobias, social anxiety, panic disorder, and MDD, as well as impaired social adjustment, low self-esteem, and increased risk for suicide.
What is the age of onset for Generalized anxiety disorder?
early adolescence
What defines social anxiety disorder?
-fear or anxiety of social or performance situations (+ fear of negative evaluation or causing offence)
-exposure = fear of anxiety
-avoidance behaviour or endured
-fear is out of proportion to actual danger
Which gender is most likely to experience social anxiety?
girls - 2:1
What is the age of onset for social anxiety?
11-12
-Extremely low chance of having it under the age of 10 - usually develops after puberty
Does social anxiety prevalence increase with age?
yes - social demands increase, development of self awareness
What is Specific phobia?
-fear or anxiety of specific object or situation
-exposure = fear or anxiety
-avoidance behaviour
-fear is out of proportion to actual danger
What is selective mutism?
Consistent failure to speak in social situations where it’s expected that you speak, despite speaking in other situations
-interferes with emotional, academic, and social development
-very rare, quite young onset
What are 7 anxiety treatments?
-education about anxiety
-progressive muscle relaxation exercises
-deep breathing techniques
-challenges to anxiety-provoking thoughts
-exposure to anxiety-provoking situations
-coping models
-involvement of families
What defines obsessive compulsive disorder?
-Repeated, intrusive, irrational, and anxiety causing thoughts
-ritualized behaviours (sometimes to relieve the anxiety)
-resistant to reason - kids dont understand logical reasoning as much
-severe disruptions in functioning