Final Exam: Atkins Flashcards
Compare dobutamine and dopamine:
1) Which is the pure beta-2 antagonist?
2) Which has significant metabolism by enzymes in neural tissue?
3) Which is the commercially available prep. available as a mixture of stereoisomers
1) Which is the pure beta-2 antagonist? NONE
2) Which has significant metabolism by enzymes in neural tissue?
B
3) Which is the commercially available prep. available as a mixture of stereoisomers
A
Where do inhibitors of ENac act?
Collecting duct
Where do early carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (which cause systemic acidosis) act?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Where do high ceiling diuretics act?
Ascending limb of Henle
Where do early carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (now used for glaucoma) act?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Where to aldosterone antagonists act?
Collecting duct
Where to thiazides and hydrothiazides act?
Distal convoluted tubule
Answer true or false about enalapril:
1) Has the advantage of not causing a dry cough as a side effect.
2) Has a short half-life due to its tendency to form disulfides
3) Was the first “carboxyl” ACE inhibitor
1) Has the advantage of not causing a dry cough as a side effect
FALSE
2) Has a short half-life due to its tendency to form disulfides
FALSE
3) Was the first “carboxyl” ACE inhibitor
TRUE
What is the active form of enalapril? What is the function of the active drug?
Ethyl ester is converted to carboxylic acid.
It chelates Zn2+ in the active side of ACE
All injectable anesthetics: A) have protonatable amines B) have xylylamides C) inhibit T-type Ca2+ channels D) all of the above
A) have protonatable amines
The anticoagulant activity of heparin results from its ability to ________ antithrombin III. (Activate/Inhibit)
Activate
The _______ charge of protamine results in it having a high affinity for heparin, which makes it a good antidote for heparin-induced hemorrhage. (Positive/Negative)
Positive
The pentasaccharide that is critical for heparain activity includes ________ charged functional groups in a specific spatial orientation that is difficult to recreate synthetically. (Negatively/Positively)
Negatively
Answer each statement with urokinase, streptokinase, recombinant tPA, multiple or none.
A) The most fibrin-specific
B) Can be pyrogenic or antigenic
C) A human enyzme that directly cleaves plasminogen w/o binding to fibrin
D) Cleaves plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
E) Has a short half-life requiring IV drip to maintain thrombolytic effects
A) The most fibrin-specific: TPA
B) Can be pyrogenic or antigenic: STREPTOKINASE
C) A human enyzme that directly cleaves plasminogen w/o binding to fibrin: UROKINASE
D) Cleaves plasminogen activator inhibitor-1: NONE
E) Has a short half-life requiring IV drip to maintain thrombolytic effects: UROKINASE, STREPTOKINASE, TPA
Recombinant nonglycosylated human protein produced in bacterial cells. A) Tenekteplase B) Reteplase C) Streptokinase D) Alteplase Can be none.
Reteplase
Full length recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator produced in cultured mammalian cells. A) Tenekteplase B) Reteplase C) Streptokinase D) Alteplase Can be none.
Alteplase
Recombinant tPA without Kringle I and a Finger domain. A) Tenekteplase B) Reteplase C) Streptokinase D) Alteplase Can be none.
Reteplase
An enzyme with a half-life that in some cases allows treatment with a single IV injection followed by transport to a hospital. A) Tenekteplase B) Reteplase C) Streptokinase D) Alteplase Can be none.
Tenekteplase
An enzyme with good fibrin specificity but a short half-life that requires an IV drip enroute to a hospital. A) Tenekteplase B) Reteplase C) Streptokinase D) Alteplase Can be none.
Alteplase
Efficiently penetrates a clot because it has a lower affinity for fibrin. A) Tenekteplase B) Reteplase C) Streptokinase D) Alteplase Can be none.
Reteplase
Recombinant human protein, engineered to have high fibrin specificity, and is not susceptible to inhibition by PAI-1. A) Tenekteplase B) Reteplase C) Streptokinase D) Alteplase Can be none.
Tenekteplase
True or false: Heparin contains a pentasaccharide that is not found in low MW heparins, like enoxaparin.
False
True or false: The negative charges on heparin cause it to bind and inhibit antithrombin III.
False
True or false: Heparin is inhibited by the protein protamine.
True
True or false: Unfractionated heparin is not useful orally because it is poorly absorbed and rapidly degraded at low pH.
True
True or false: Low molecular weight heparin is a recombinant protein that has been engineered for higher affinity for antithrombin III.
False
Directly results in decreased expression of ENaC, without metabolic activation. A) Furosemide B) HCTZ C) Amiloride D) Spironolactone Can be none
None
A prodrug that is converted to an inhibitor of the aldosterone receptor. A) Furosemide B) HCTZ C) Amiloride D) Spironolactone Can be none
Spironolactone
Inhibits Na+/Cl- transport in the distal convoluted tubule. A) Furosemide B) HCTZ C) Amiloride D) Spironolactone Can be none
HCTZ
A substrate for the OCT system. A) Furosemide B) HCTZ C) Amiloride D) Spironolactone Can be none
Amiloride
A 2-amino-5-sulfamolyl-benzoic acid loop diuretic. A) Furosemide B) HCTZ C) Amiloride D) Spironolactone Can be none
Furosemide
Metabolized via glucuronidation. A) Furosemide B) HCTZ C) Amiloride D) Spironolactone Can be none
Furosemide
