Final exam (all quizes) Flashcards
Thinking about PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder, in what way is an individual exposed to a traumatic event? Repeated extreme exposure to the situation, for example, an EMT. (Does not include exposure via media, unless work-related.)
a. Learning (secondhand) that the event occurred to a close friend or family member.
b. Witnessing the traumatic event.
c. Directly experiencing the traumatic event.
d. All of the Above
All of the Above
The following is not a mental disorder, (but often mistaken as one,) and therefore cannot be assigned a DSM-5 code. However, it may be present in any anxiety disorder, some depressive disorders, PTSD, and substance-use disorders. What am I referring to? A. Flashbacks B. Perfectionist Tendencies C. Compulsions D. Panic Attack
D. Panic Attack
Fear of spiders, airplanes, clowns, hurricanes, and/or elevators are examples of specific phobias; it is common for individuals to present with more than one specific phobia, simultaneously.
a. True
b. False
a. True
The cause of Hoarding Disorders is well documented. It mostly effects the worlds’ elderly population, and is a direct result of experiencing a chaotic childhood, having perfectionist tendencies, and exhibiting difficulty making decisions.
a. True
b. False
b. False
It is clinically proven that Pharamcotherapy can stop dissociation, derealization, and remove the presence of multiple identities.
a. True
b. False
b. False
An individual who chronically presents with one or more excessively distressing, physical symptoms or health concerns.
a. Somatic Symptom Disorder
b. Illness Anxiety Disorder
c. Factitious Disorder
d. Conversion Disorder
e. Malingering
a. Somatic Symptom Disorder
The preoccupying fear and worry that one has a serious illness.
a. Somatic Symptom Disorder
b. Illness Anxiety Disorder
c. Factitious Disorder
d. Conversion Disorder
e. Malingering
b. Illness Anxiety Disorder
A desire to present as ill, therefore intentionally fabricating ones’ signs and symptoms.
a. Somatic Symptom Disorder
b. Illness Anxiety Disorder
c. Factitious Disorder
d. Conversion Disorder
e. Malingering
c. Factitious Disorder
One of more symptoms of altered motor or sensory function, though not intentionally or consciously altering
a. Somatic Symptom Disorder
b. Illness Anxiety Disorder
c. Factitious Disorder
d. Conversion Disorder
e. Malingering
d. Conversion Disorder
Fabricating symptoms or creating a situation for a secondary gain/external incentive.
a. Somatic Symptom Disorder
b. Illness Anxiety Disorder
c. Factitious Disorder
d. Conversion Disorder
e. Malingering
e. Malingering
As a PA, it is important to ask if your patient has experienced a traumatic event, as symptoms of PTSD (note, NOT full diagnostic criteria - just strains and characteristics of symptoms) are similarly depicted in ALL but the following diagnosis: (Select one answer that is not a differential diagnosis for PTSD.) A. Substance Use Disorders B. Psychotic Disorder C. Body Dysmorphic Disorder D. Anxiety and Panic Disorders E. Major Depressive Disorder F. Conversion Disorder G. Dissociative Disorders H. Adjustment Disorder I. Personality Disorders J. Traumatic Brain Injury
C. Body Dysmorphic Disorder
An individual can display the following characteristics, and not have a diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa. 1) Experiencing significant weight loss, 2) Denying oneself lack of nutrients on a consistent basis, 3) Unable to concentrate in class and marked interfere with psychosocial functioning, 4) preoccupied with the aversive consequences of eating and a general lack of interest in food.
What would be a more fitting diagnosis for this patient?
A. Rumination Disorder
B. Bulimia
C. Binge Eating Disorder
D. Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
D. Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
Select the clinical disorder below in which an individual presents with excessive fear or anxiety that is developmentally inappropriate, and which concerns the separation from those whom the individual is attached. A. Separation Anxiety Disorder B. Agoraphobia C.Specific Phobia D. Social Anxiety Disorder
A. Separation Anxiety Disorder
Dissociative Identity Disorder used to be known as Multiple Personality Disorder.
a. True
b. False
a. True
Please make one selection that is true about Dissociative Identity Disorders (DID).
A. DID may be caused by significant physical or sexual trauma, often during childhood .
B. The core personality in DID typically lacks awareness of the altar personalities, but the other personalities maintain awareness of each other.
C.Identity switches within DID may be triggered by the trauma itself, subsequent microtraumas, removal from the abuse of environment, or death of an abuser.
D. DID involves subjectively experiencing fragmentations of the self into distinct identities.
E. All of the above.
E. All of the above.
Fragmentation of identity and derealization are Positive Dissociative Symptoms, whereas amnesia, inability to access information, and inability to control mental functions that normally are readily amenable to access and control, are considered Negative Dissociative Symptoms.
a. True
b. False
a. True
2 weeks after a natural disaster hits a community, one individual begins to experience clinically significant emotional and behavioral symptoms, causing significant functional limitations in work, school, and in areas of daily living, not accounted for by another mental disorder. These symptoms persist for 5 months, before the individual begins to experience some relief through working with a therapist. What is the most likely diagnosis for this individual? A. Adjustment Disorder B. Reactive Attachment Disorder C.Posttraumatic Stress Disorder D. Acute Stress Disorder
A. Adjustment Disorder
Trichotillomania, the recurrent pulling out of one's hair resulting in hair loss and clinical distress, and with repeated attempts to stop the hair pulling, is classified as a: A. Anxiety Disorder B. Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorder C.Elimination Disorder D. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder E. Dissociative Disorder F. Eating and Feeding Disorder G.Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder
D. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder
It is a cold March day in Boston. Zoe reports that she started a graduate program this past Fall that is accelerated and very intense. She reports she sleeps very little (due to staying up late studying for exams, and worrying about her performance in her program.) Zoe adds that she experiences near constant tension/muscle pain in her upper body and back, and states the pain and lack of sleep make it hard for her to pay attention in class. Zoe reports that on her last few exams, her mind has gone blank and she "freezes". She reports she then begins to cry in class, as she knows she is wasting precious time and fears she will fail the exam and get kicked out of the program. Zoe stated that her mother, a non-native speaker, is disabled and Zoe is in charge of caring for her two adolescent brothers at home and communicating with their school. Zoe begins to tear up in front of you, as she mentions the cost of her program and the failure she perceives she will bring upon her family if she were to "flunk out". Zoe adds that she barely passed her Fall classes, and spent the winter break worried about getting her Spring schedule set up so she can be a successful student. Zoe adds she is exhausted all the time, as she commutes 40 min to and from home, has to cook for her family, tend to the household, AND do school. What is the most accurate diagnosis you would give Zoe, given the information you have at this time? A. Panic Disorder B. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) C.Persistent Depressive Disorder D. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
D. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Hypnosis is a recommended treatment for which disorder? (Please select the best answer, based on what you learned during class, and not based on what you might find from outside research.) A. Narcolepsy B. Anorexia Nervosa C.Obsessive Compulsion Disorder D. Dissociative Identity Disorder
D. Dissociative Identity Disorder
An often irritable child who rarely seeks or responds to comfort when distressed, as the child has bounced from one foster home to another - never able to form a stable, securely attached relationship with a caregiver, may be exhibiting characteristics of which disorder? A. Reactive Attachment Disorder B. Intermittent Explosive Disorder C.Adjustment Disorder D. Autism Spectrum Disorder
A. Reactive Attachment Disorder
Recently, Allie has begun to engage in self-induced vomiting as she can not stand the way she looks in the mirror. Though quite thin, Allie strives to “fit in” and tries to eat dinner with her friends each evening. Directly after eating, Allie fears if she does not immediately rid herself of “dinner” she will become overweight. What is the most likely diagnosis Allie is experiencing?
A. Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder - Atypical anorexia nervosa
B. Unspecified Feeding or Eating Disorder
C.Anorexia Nervosa - Binge Eating/Purging Type
D. Anorexia Nervosa - severe
E. Anorexia Nervosa - Restrictive Type
F. Bulimia Nervosa - moderate
G.Binge-Eating Disorder - mild
C.Anorexia Nervosa - Binge Eating/Purging Type
Treating Bulimia Nervosa is often quite challenging. For severe cases and best results, it is recommended an individual use the support of:
A. Dietician/Nutricianist
B. Doctor/PCP/Psychiatrist for medication management
C.Hypnotherapist
D. Psychotherapy
E. Full-time hospital placement
F. Rehab Center or some partial inpatient hospitalization
G.All of the Above
H.B, C, D, & E
I.A, B, D, & F
I. A, B, D, and F
What are the primary features letting you know you are looking at an individual experiencing Sleep Apnea? A. Nocturnal urination B. Frequent waking to void C.Waking up to vomit D. Snoring/breathing disturbances E. Daytime fatigue F. A, B, C G.D and E H.All of the Above
G. D and E
As you are conducting a physical exam, you immediately notice your youthful female patient is experiencing significant thinning of her hair. You palpitate her abdomen and the patient winces. As she clutches her stomach you notice scarring on her knuckles. Out of curiosity, you ask the patient to open her mouth and say "ahh" to which you note the patient has swollen parotid glands. What is the most likely activity the patient is engaging in, and what diagnosis might you immediately consider? A. Laxatives; Binge-Eating Diosrder B. Laxatives; Rumination Disorder C.Vomiting; Binge-Eating Disorder D. Vomiting; Bulimia E. Vomiting; Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder F. Diuretics; Bulimia G.Diuretics; Anorexia H.Laxitives; Anorexia
D. Vomiting; Bulimia
Alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and tobacco exacerbate the signs and symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. An individual with persistent signs and symptoms of Sleep Apnea, even while on substance/medication should NOT receive a ddiagnosis of Sleep Apnea. Instead, they should be considered for a Substance-Induced Sleep Disorder diagnosis.
a. True
b. False
a. False
A marked incongruence between the adolescent/adult’s experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender, often associated with distress.
Gender Dysphoria
The initial “sex” assignment as “male” or “female”.
Gender Assignment/”natal gender”
Features or behaviors that are not “typical” of individuals with the same assigned gender.
Gender non-conforming/gender atypical
Transiently or persistently identify with a gender different from ones’ natal gender.
Transgender
An individual who seeks, or has undergone, a social transition from male to female, or female to male, which may involve hormone treatments and/or sex-reassignment therapy.
Transexual
A category of social identity - refers to an individuals’ identification as male, female, or some category other than male or female.
Gender Identity
A behavior where cross-dressing generates sexual excitement and causes stress or impairment, without drawing the individual’s primary gender into quesiton.
Transvestic Disorder
Steve lacks daily caloric consumption, leading to a significantly low body weight (110 lbs) for his age (27), height (6’1”). Steve expresses an Intense fear of gaining weight and consistently uses laxatives which prevents potential weight gain. Steve expresses disturbed thoughts about his body weight and states he must lose more weight for his upcoming race. Steve contacts his PCP, who informs him he has Avoidance/Restrictive Food-Intake Disorder.
a. True
b. False
a. False
The above mention clinical characteristics of Anorexia Nervosa, not Avoidant/Restrictive Food-Intake Disorder.
In a U.S. survey of 570 individuals with Insomnia, approximately 75% consulted with their physician about their sleep disorder. This survey supports the notion that asking patients about their sleep is an unnecessary time-consumer of the mental status examination, as most individuals tend to not get enough sleep in general.
a. True
b. False
b. False
Recurrent episodes of eating large amounts within a 2-hour time frame and lack of self control over eating, then purging the food, occurs at least once a week, for three months. What disorder is this describing?
A. Bulimia Nervosa
B. Body Dysmorphic Disorder
C.Binge-Eating Disorder
D. Avoidant/Restrictive Food-Intake Disorder
E. Anorexia Nervosa
A. Bulimia Nervosa
Soft, downy hair on face, arms, and chest
Lanugo
Going to bed and getting up at the same time every day, drinking a glass of warm milk, and avoiding alcohol are what?
Sleep Hygiene Techniques
Loss of tooth enamel is a symptom of:
Bulimia
Most common Eating Disorder in U.S.
Binge Eating Disorder
Complaint of unusual behavior or events during sleep that may lead to intermittent awakenings and difficult resuming sleep
Parasomnias
Sudden, bilateral, loss of muscle tone, spontaneous grimaces, or slack-jaw:
Cataplexy
Jaundice-like skin color is a symptom of:
Anorexia
Neurodevelopmental Disorders tend to be diagnosed in the beginning stages of life, where as Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders tend to develop toward the later stages of life.
True
False
False
What types of pharmacotherapy might you consider when treating a patient who presents with ADHD? Check all that apply: A. Guanfacine B. Atomoxetine C.Clonidine D. Stimulants
All of the above. A. Guanfacine B. Atomoxetine C.Clonidine D. Stimulants
Psychotic episodes occur during presenting mood episodes; however, mood episodes do not always occur during presenting psychotic episodes. What disorder is described here? A. Catatonia B. Schizophrenia C.Schizoaffective Disorder D. Schizophreniform Disorder E. Delusional Disorder F. Brief Psychotic Disorder
C.Schizoaffective Disorder
What is a half life of a drug?
A. a half life is the peak of a drug’s activity, (i.e. if a drug is taken at 8am and wears off at 4pm, it’s half life is 12pm.)
B. The half life of a drug is half of the drug’s shelf life (expiration date). It is recommended that drug’s not be used after they’ve reachedd their half life.
C.The amount of time it takes for a drug (i.e. Adderol) to activate (i.e. allow individual to focus).
D. The amount of time it takes before half of the active drug elements are either eliminated or broken down by the body.
D. The amount of time it takes before half of the active drug elements are either eliminated or broken down by the body.
What is the first stage of psychiatric treatment? A. Assessment B. Medication C.Diagnosis D. Therapy
A. Assessment
A patient has been shuffling for hours from side to side. His movements indicate an ever-present restlessness. He states "this is worse than having a mental illness". What side effect to an anti-psychotic medication is the patient describing? A. Dystonia B. Tardive Dyskinisia C.Nihlistic Delusions D. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome E. Akathisia
E. Akathisia
When individuals are diagnosed with more than one mental disorder at a given time.
A. The individual’s likelihood of mortality increases 50%
B. They are at greater risk to experience severe mental health symptoms.
C.They are less likely to have a social support system in place.
D. They are experiencing what is referred to as comormidity.
D. They are experiencing what is referred to as comormidity.
What is the concept when an individual’s mental condition is no longer viewed as the primary, defining, characteristic of an individual, but one of several aspects of the whole person? Using this conceptual framework, what is the primary emphasis?
A. Gestalt therapy; the individual’s whole picture
B. Psychology; therapy as a form of treatment
C.Person-first language; the person
D. Psychiatry; medication as a form of treatment
C.Person-first language; the person
What three entities relate to racism, discrimination, and economic inequities that may result in heath disparities? A. Gender B. Race C.Ethnicity D. Culture
B. Race
C.Ethnicity
D. Culture
A woman walks into the clinic whispering and darting glances around her. She sits down and lowers her gaze to her lap as stringy, dirty hair falls forward, shielding her face. You notice her shoelaces are untied and she is wearing different colored socks on each foot. You approach her and she looks up at you - wide-eyed. Her whispers become faster and louder. You ask "Are you speaking to me?" The women continues to whisper: "No. No. Stop. Go away. I can't. No. Please. Help. Stop. Go away." What are you experiencing in this moment? A. Comorbidity B. Symptoms of a Mental Disorder C.Differential Diagnosis D. Signs of a Mental Disorder
D. Signs of a Mental Disorder
Which of the following is not a clinical diagnostic characteristic of ADHD?
A. Several symptoms are present in two or more setting, (such as at home, school or work; with friends or relatives; in other activities).
B. The symptoms are not better explained by another mental disorder (such as a mood disorder, anxiety disorder, dissociative disorder, or a personality disorder). The symptoms do not happen only during the course of schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder.
C.There is clear evidence that the symptoms interfere with, or reduce the quality of, social, school, or work functioning.
D. Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were present before the individual was four years old.
D. Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were present before the individual was four years old.
Every individual on the autism spectrum is exactly the same as another individual on the sprectrum.
a. True
b. False
b. False
An expectable or culturally approved response to a common stressor or loss (such as death of a loved one) is not in itself, defined as a mental disorder.
a. True
b. False
a. True
In order to meet diagnostic criteria for Social Pragmatic Communication Disorder, an individual must exhibit persistent difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication as manifested by the following: (Choose all that apply.)
A. Difficulties following rules for conversation, such as knowing how to use verbal and nonverbal signals to regulate interaction.
B. Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns or verbal nonverbal behavior.
C.Fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus.
D. Using communication for social purposes, such as greeting and sharing information.
E. Difficulties understanding what is not explicitly stated (e.g., making inferences) and ambiguous meanings of language (e.g.humor, metaphors).
F. Changing communication to match context or the needs of the listener.
G.Hyper/hyporeactivity or sensitivity to sensory aspects of the environment (e.g. smell, tactile feel, visual brightness, sound).
A. Difficulties following rules for conversation, such as knowing how to use verbal and nonverbal signals to regulate interaction.
D. Using communication for social purposes, such as greeting and sharing information.
E. Difficulties understanding what is not explicitly stated (e.g., making inferences) and ambiguous meanings of language (e.g.humor, metaphors).
F. Changing communication to match context or the needs of the listener.
Asking about suicide will increase the risk a patient with Depression will kill themself.
a. True
b. False
b. False
What contributing factors may lead to the onset of ADHD in an individual? (Check all that apply.)
A. overdose of aspirin as a child
B. genetics
C.chemical, structural, and connectivity differences in the brain
D. iron deficiency
B. genetics
C.chemical, structural, and connectivity differences in the brain
____________________ is a type of “therapy” sometimes used to alleviate uncomfortable/harmful hallucinations. This type of therapy can also be used to treat Major Depressive Disorder, and it considered a “safe” form of therapy.
Electroconvulsive therapy
In Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), rituals are considered to be:
a. Compulsions
b. Checking
c. Obsessions
d. Contamination
e. A characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorders
a. Compulsions
To meet criteria for ADHD, symptoms must be presented in \_\_\_\_\_ # of settings: A. 3+ B. 2+ C.1+ D. 4+
B. 2+
A skin-picking disorder characterized by recurrent picking of one’s skin, and repeated attempts to decrease or stop the behavior.
Excoriation
A hair-pulling disorder characterized by recurrent pulling out of one’s hair and repeated attempts to decrease or stop the behavior.
Trichotillimania
The inability to discard useless or worn out possessions.
Hoarding
The need to constantly clean and wash; the belief that to not clean and wash may result in death.
Contamination
