Final Exam - All Drugs Flashcards

Question

Penicillin / PCN

Answer 1

abx cell wall - bacteriacidal "-CILLIN" x Cef "NAAG" Nephrotoxic Anaphylaxis Abx teaching GI

Answer 2

abx protein synthesis - bactericidal Gentamicin "Gents are NNEAT" "NNEAT" Nephrotoxic Neuromuscular blockade → OD, weak muscles Ears Abx teaching Trough - draw before next dose

Answer 3

"-cycline" abx protein synthesis - bacteriostatic teeth → preg, <8y x dairy, iron "PHAG" Photosensitivity Hepatotoxic Abx teaching GI

Answer 4

anti fungal x ergosterol - cell membrane "QT WIG Hepato!" QT W/food Irregular period, gynecomastia GI Hepatotoxic

Answer 5

* Supra-Infections (oral thrush, c.diff, yeast) * non-hormonal Contraceptives * Complete Entire Course

Answer 6

"flox" Ciprofloxacin x DNA gyrase "QT PAT X" QT Photosensitivity Abx teaching Tendon rupture! X preg, <18y

Answer 7

for hypothyroidism "OH WAIT" Osteoporosis Hyperthyroidism Wait few hrs to eat Avoid pregnancy, kids (cancer), anti-coags, steroids, grapefruit Infertility Take on empty stomach, w/water, same time daily

Answer 8

"3 P's" Polyuria Polydipsia Polyphagia Dry mouth Blurred vision

Answer 9

"WET LUNG" W — Weight gain E — Edema T — Tight skin (from swelling) L — Lung crackles U — Unable to breathe (SOB) N — Neck vein distension (JVD) G — Gurgling cough (pink frothy sputum)

Answer 10

* Water loss > Electrolyte loss Causes: * Fever— increased RR → increased water loss; sweating * Polyuria— DM, diabetes insipidus, diuretic use * Drinking urine or seawater for survival If dehydration is not corrected, leads to renal injury from muscle breakdown and lactic acidosis

Answer 11

* Fluid moves out of cells into ECF – cells shrink * “I need to get the fluid out of my soaked SOCK” * Severe hyponatremia: Pulls water and sodium back into ECF, where it belongs. * Overload of fluid in spaces where it doesn’t belong—pulls fluid out of cells, into ECF * Cerebral edema: Pulls fluid from brain cells to prevent herniation * Ketosis

Answer 12

“PISO = Potassium inside, Sodium outside” * Major cation in ICF "K= Kardiac" * transmits nerve impulses—esp. in the HEART “MURDER” * Muscle weakness, ↓ Urine, Resp. Depression, cardiac contractility, EKG (wide PR, QRS / asystole, v-fib), ↓ reflex Avoid salt substitutes & blood transfusions

Answer 13

* Never IV bolus potassium → cardiac arrest! (on pump only) * Always verify that IV potassium is diluted never give as an IVP or fast bolus! * If pt has any potassium problems, must be on continuous EKG monitoring.

Answer 14

myocardial ischemia due to ↓ coronary blood flow Stable -short duration -pattern -better w/ rest and meds Unstable -long duration -unpredictable -not better w/ rest or meds Emergency!

Answer 15

buildup of plaque in arteries, leading to ↓ blood flow and risk of MI or stroke

Answer 16

Decreased kidney function causes accumulation of waste products (urea, toxins) Leads to metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia Electrolyte imbalance causes heart disease and fluid overload

Answer 17

Fluid build up in alveoli impairs gas exchange.

Answer 18

flushing vision GI muscle aches priapism (lasts > 4h) congestion *never use w/ NTG

Answer 19

trapped blood in penis

Answer 20

airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus Triggers: Allergens, infections, exercise, cold air, irritants Wheezing, SOB, cough, tight chest, nocturnal

Answer 21

genetic disorder affecting lungs and GI mutations in a gene that controls mvmnt of salt and water in / out of cells. cause buildup of thick, sticky mucus. Persistent cough, freq lung infections, wheezing, poor wt gain, salty skin, GI issues.

Answer 22

treat and prevent gout attacks GI, Bone marrow suppression, muscle dmg, kidney or liver issues very precise dosing—too much is toxic avoid grapefruit, statins, NSAID, azoles, macrolides