Final Exam- Adv. History Flashcards
A Spanish conqueror of the Americas
Conquistador
Inca
Largest and most powerful Andean empire. Controlled the Pacific coast of South America from Ecuador to Chile from its capital of Cuzco.
Peru
South America/Latin America
Spain
Sent out conquistadors to conquer America
Maize
An early form of corn grown by Native Americans
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a monarch, a sovereign
Absolute Monarchy
A government in which the king or queen has absolute power.
Divine Right
Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.
Limited Monarchy
government in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch’s powers
Enlightened Despot
Absolute rulers who used their power to bring about political and social change
Louis XIV (14)
(1638-1715) Known as the Sun King, he was an absolute monarch that completely controlled France. One of his greatest accomplishments was the building of the palace at Versailles
Fredrick the Great
Prussian king of the 18th century; attempted to introduce Enlightenment reforms into Germany; built on military and bureaucratic foundations of his
Prussia
A former kingdom in north-central Europe including present-day northern Germany and northern Poland
Catherine the Great
ruled Russia from 1762 to 1796, added new lands to Russia, encouraged science, art, literature, Russia became one of Europe’s most powerful nations
Voltaire
(1694-1778) French philosopher. believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church
Thomas Hobbes
English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)
John Locke
17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.
Checks and Balances
A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power
Louis XVI (16th)
King of France during the French Revolution, is executed by the guillotine
Marie Antoinette
Queen of France (wife of Louis XVI) who was unpopular her extravagance and opposition to reform contributed to the overthrow of the monarchy; she was guillotined along with her husband (1755-1793)