FINAL Exam Flashcards
When concepts and constructs are related to each other and purposely combined to form a unit. In this perspective, it refers to a scheme that specifies the steps in a process.
Framework
process of evaluating each market segment’s attractiveness and selecting one or more segments to penetrate.
Market targeting:
arranging for a product or program to take a clear, distinctive, and desirable place comparable to competing products or programs for nutrition and health services for the same clients or community; for example, physical activity could be framed as a form of relaxation, not exercise, to women age 55 years or older.
Market positioning:
use of marketing concepts and tools to increase the acceptability of social ideas or practices. It employs a consumer orientation, audience analysis and segmentation, and aspects of exchange theory in seeking to increase the acceptability of a behavior in a target group
Social marketing:
is the systematic design, collection, analysis, and reporting of data and findings relevant to a specific marketing situation or problem facing an organization.
Marketing research
a formal process that instructs or trains individuals in a nutrition-related skill
Nutrition education
a fund awarded to individuals or an organization for research, educational, or demonstration programs. The monies are used to support new innovative programs or expand existing programs to meet community healthcare needs.
A Grant
include office space and staff time
In-kind donations
the study of the nature and justification of principles that guide human behaviors and are applied when moral problems arise
Ethics
those general judgements that serve as a basic justification for the particular ethical prescriptions and evaluations of human actions
Basic ethical principles
the foundations for rules
principles
“Balancing risk and benefits”
Usually includes acts of kindness or charity that go beyond strict obligation
Do no harm
Maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harms
Beneficence
“Fairness in distribution” or “What is deserved”
Justice
Two moral requirements:
Acknowledge autonomy
Protect those with diminished autonomy
In studies, participation must be voluntary and adequate risks and benefits must be disclosed to participants and allow them to ask questions and withdraw at any time
Respect for persons
obtain data by studying the mass media, Use of in-depth narrative interviews
Collecting Subjective data
collecting and analyzing data from available demographic and health statistics to prepare the community diagnosis and problem list
Objective: collected to determine what is known about the community’s population in total compared with what is known about individuals, usually gathered from registrar or clerk.
a collection of activities intended to produce a particular outcome. Activities focus directly on nutrition issues or on health problems. The overall purpose is to improve the health of the community or public.
Purpose of a program
Evaluation is defined as the methods used to determine
- whether a service is needed and likely to be used,
- whether it is conducted as planned,
- whether the service actually helps the purpose, and
- whether objectives are carried out or planned activities are completed
occurring at an endpoint, provides retrospective information about the performance of the program and is conducted at the completion of the program, assesses changes in behaviors, attitudes, knowledge, or health status indicators such as morbidity, mortality, risk behaviors, and others. AKA impact evaluation, which measures the immediate effects of the program on participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors.
Summative (Outcome) evaluation
answers the question: Was the program implemented as planned? It centers on program activities instead of outcomes.
Process evaluation:
assessing the resources used in providing the nutrition program
Structural evaluation
provides support for outcome evaluation because the interpretation of program outcomes depends on an understanding of the program as it happens. Also refers to evaluation of settings in which the program is carried out and includes materials, qualifications of the staff, organizational structure, and factors related to program delivery, such as the training of personnel and equipment. Evaluation is based on the assumption that, given a proper setting with adequate equipment, good nutrition programming will be achieved.
Structural evaluation
This includes items such as the budget, the program organization, distributing educational materials to all the participants in a timely manner, accurately anticipating the number of people attending a lunch or after-hours workshop, and whether the facilities were accessible.
Process evaluation:
stresses that a gain in new knowledge leads to changes in attitude, which, in turn, result in improved dietary behavior or practices.
Knowledge-Attitudes-Behaviors
