Final Exam Flashcards
An older patient is diagnosed with an infection but has a subnormal body temperature. What should the nurse explain to the patients family as the reason for this discrepancy?
- The temperature regulating mechanism changes with aging.
- The patient is on medication that drops the body temperature.
- The diagnosis of an infection is inaccurate and will be checked.
- The temperature was measured incorrectly and will be repeated.
1
An older patient has a subnormal body temperature and an infection. How does the nurse best describe this phenomenon?
- The temperature regulating mechanism deteriorates with aging.
- The patient’s infection is improving with medication treatment.
- The diagnosis of an infection is inaccurate and will be checked.
- The temperature was obtained incorrectly and is inaccurate.
1
An older patient is recovering from abdominal surgery. Which skin changes will the nurse consider when planning care for this patient?
1. The healing time is increased.
(longer healing)
2. The healing time is decreased.
(Increase)
3. There is a need to keep the wound edges taped.
(Tape cause demanded)
4. Skin near the wound needs to be massaged to increase blood flow.
1
The home care nurse notes that an older patient who lives alone has a large red mark on the arm. When asked about the mark the patient states unawareness of the injury and believes it occurred from hot water when cooking. How should the nurse interpret this finding?
- The patient is at risk for further injury.
- The patient is losing short-term memory.
- The patient is experiencing friction tears of the skin.
- The patient is demonstrating senile purpura of the skin.
1
The home-care nurse determines that their patient is at risk for further injury due to normal aging sensation loss when they state the following:
- “I have this large red mark on my arm and I think it occurred yesterday from cooking.”
- “I can’t remember what I ate for lunch yesterday.”
- “I got a small cut on my arm from a zipper when I was getting dressed yesterday.”
- “I have some discolorations on my arm, but they have been there for months.”
1
An patient is recovering from surgery to repair a fractured hip. What interventions will the nurse use to prevent the development of a pressure ulcer in this patient?
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. Avoid sitting unless for meals.
2. Use pillows to protect the skin.
3. Reposition the patient every 2 hours.
4. Keep the skin dry with frequent bathing.
5. Encourage independent position changes.
1,2,3,5
What instruction should the nurse provide to a nursing assistant who is assigned to care for an older patient with a stage I pressure ulcer on the right heel?
1. Apply a dry dressing to the site.
2. Apply a donut under the right heal.
(Should not be use)
3. Cleanse the area with tepid water without soap.
4. Keep the head of the bed elevated to a 45-degree angle.
3
The nurse is assessing an older patient’s stage III pressure ulcer. What would be indicative of proper wound healing?
- An increase in wound depth
- Large amount of undermining
- Presence of leathery black tissue
- Beefy red and moist, grainy appearance
4
While assessing an older patients stage III pressure ulcer the nurse notes that the wound is beefy red and grainy, and the depth has decreased by 2 mm but the width has not changed. How should the nurse interpret this assessment finding?
- Not healing properly
- About to slough off tissue
- No longer at risk for infection
- Progressing positively toward healing
4
The nurse is caring for an older patient who has a healed, sacral pressure ulcer. What would the nurse include in teaching about this new tissue growth?
1. “Your sacral area will heal faster if reinjured.”
(Not)
2. “Your skin will break down faster if your sacrum is reinjured.”
3. “You may have a loss of feeling in the old, pressure ulcer area.”
4. “You are more at risk for infection in the sacral area.”
2
The nurse is caring for an older patient who previously had a sacral pressure ulcer that has completely healed. What does the nurse recognize as a characteristic of the previously healed pressure ulcer?
1. Heal faster if reinjured
(Not)
2. Break down faster if reinjured
3. Have no sensation in the injured area
4. Be at risk for infection even with intact skin
2
After an assessment the nurse is concerned that an older patient is at risk for pressure ulcer development because of the current nutritional status. What nutritional factors did the nurse assess in the patient?
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. Diagnosis of dehydration (need to be hydrated)
2. Hemoglobin level 9 mg/dL (anemia)
3. Treatment for chronic renal failure
4. Serum albumin level below normal (protein)
5. Loss of 20 pounds over the last 3 months (prone to pressure ulcer)
1,2,4,5
The nurse is teaching assisted living center residents about over-the-counter skin preparations. Which should be used with caution in an older patient? Select all that apply.
- Sunblock SPF 50
- Super-fatted soaps
- Emollients that keep the skin moist
- Steroid-based ointments and creams
- Topical lotion with an antihistamine
4,5
Which over-the-counter skin preparations should the nurse instruct an older patient to use with caution? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Sunblock 2. Super-fatted soaps 3. Emollients that keep the skin moist ( dry skin) 4. Steroid-based ointments and creams 5. Topical lotion with an antihistamine
4,5
The nurse is preparing to cleanse an older patients abdominal wound. Which techniques should the nurse use to perform this action?
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. Pour saline over the wound.
2. Apply saline-soaked gauze over the wound.
3. Squeeze a saline-filled syringe over the wound.
4. Place gauze pads soaked with hydrogen peroxide on the wound.
5. Apply dry gauze pads over the wound and saturate with sterile water.
1,2,3
The nurse is preparing to cleanse an older patient’s pressure injury. Which techniques should the nurse use to perform this action? Select all that apply.
1. Pour saline over the wound using a saline-filled syringe.
2. Apply saline-soaked gauze over the wound.
3. Apply hydrogen peroxide over the wound.
(Squeezing))
4. Place gauze pads soaked with Dakin’s solution on the wound.
5. Apply dry gauze pads over the wound and saturate with sterile water.
1,2
The nurse provides a seminar on the impact of the sun on the skin with a group of older community members. Which statement indicates the older clients understood the education?
- “It is important to wear sunscreen all the time.”
- “The sun should be avoided at all times.”
- “African Americans can not experience sun damage.”
- “The melanocytes in the subcutaneous tissue protect the skin from sun damage.”
1
The nurse provides a seminar on the impact of the sun on the skin with a group of older community members. Which statement indicates that additional teaching is necessary?
- Sunscreen is important to wear during all daytime hours.
- The sun should be avoided between the peak hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
- African Americans can experience sun damage despite the dark skin tones.
- The melanocytes in the subcutaneous tissue protect the skin from sun damage.
4
While performing a physical assessment, the nurse notes that an older patient has multiple brown and black bands on the finger nails of the thumbs and index fingers. What does this assessment finding indicate to the nurse?
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. A fungal infection
2. Damage to the nail matrix
3. Possible melanoma of the nail
4. Benign finding often seen in African Americans
5. Finger nails split in response to recent trauma
3,4
The nurse is caring for an older patient diagnosed with melanoma of the nail. What might the nurse find during the physical assessment? Select correct answer.
- Decreased skin thickness around the nail beds.
- A sore, rough, scaly, reddened papule around the nails.
- A longitudinal pigmented band.
- Indurated scaly plaques, papules, or nodules near the nail bed.
3
An older patient complains about increasing dry skin. What should the nurse explain to the patient about this skin problem?
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. There is a reduction in sebum production as the body ages.
2. There is a decrease in the number of sweat glands in the body with aging.
3. There is a change in the keratinization and lipid content in the stratum corneum.
4. There is an increase in body core temperature with aging, resulting in skin drying.
5. There is a change in the structure of the skin cell because of years of using alcohol- based soaps.
1,3
An older patient recently diagnosed with skin cancer does not understand why the disease developed since sunbathing has always been avoided. How should the nurse respond to this patient?
- Can you tell me more about your feelings?
- Sun exposure can happen from driving a car.
- We frequently never find out why cancer strikes.
- This is unusual, as skin cancer normally only occurs in sunbathers.
2
The nurse is preparing discharge instructions for an older patient. For which medications should the nurse teach the patient to avoid extended sun exposure? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Aspirin 2. Ibuprofen 3. Amiodarone 4. Promethazine 5. Acetaminophen
2,3,4
The nurse is preparing discharge instructions for an older patient. If the patient is prescribed Ibuprofen, what should the nurse specifically educate the patient about? Select correct answer.
- The nurse should teach the patient that they may experience a pimply rash on their arms.
- The nurse should teach the patient that they may experience blue pigmentation.
- The nurse should teach the patient to avoid extended sun exposure.
- The nurse should teach the patient that he/she may be at risk for skin melanomas.
3
The nurse notes a small, indurated, scaled spot on the upper chest of an older patient. Which type of skin condition did the nurse assess in this patient?
- Actinic keratosis
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Malignant melanoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
4
The nurse notes a small, indurated, scaled spot on the upper chest of an older patient. The nurse would suspect the physician to diagnose this condition as:
- Actinic keratosis
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Malignant melanoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
4
precancerous condition. The lesion appears as a sore, rough, scaly plaque.
Actinic keratosis