Final Exam

Question 1

Brian Hare argues that

Answer 1

Dogs evolved new abilities in human social cognition when they split from wolves

Question 2

The capacity to recognize that other individuals have minds of their own which contain different knowledge than our own minds

Answer 2

Theory of Mind

Question 3

When dogs that do not spontaneously follow pointing gestures are given extended practice on the task

Answer 3

Their performance gradually improves

Question 4

Monique Udell’s studies show that

Answer 4

Neither dogs nor wolves will beg from a person whose back is turned

Question 5

According to Monique Udell, shelter dogs perform worse in following human pointing gestures than pet dogs because

Answer 5

Shelter dogs have not had relevant recent experience with the movement of human limbs predicting the location of things that are important to a dog

Question 6

Why don’t human-reared wolves understand that a person with a bucket over her head cannot see them?

Answer 6

Because they have no experience around people with buckets over their heads

Question 7

Harry Frank believed

Answer 7

Dogs have better social intelligence than wolves

Question 8

Which of the following is a plausible explanation for the failure of the dogs in Roberts & Macpherson’s experiment to gather help when their owners had difficulties:

Answer 8

The dogs were not fooled into believing their owners were in trouble; the dogs did not know how to get help; the dogs were not motivated to help their owners

Question 9

Miklosi and colleagues showed dogs and wolves containers that could not be opened and found that

Answer 9

The dogs looked back at their owners for help

Question 10

Why is imprinting important in a dog coming to follow a human pointing gesture?

Answer 10

Without imprinting the dog will not be attentive to the human being

Question 11

Which of the following is true about MacPherson & Roberts’ experiments on dogs getting help for humans in distress

Answer 11

None of the dogs sought help under any conditions

Question 12

The best example of “Selective imitation” is:

Answer 12

Imitating an individual who opens a door with her foot rather than her hand when her hands are free

Question 13

Which of the following is a true statement about dog hearing?

Answer 13

Dogs hear higher frequencies than do humans; Dogs do not hear low frequencies that human can hear

Question 14

When an object is dropped down a bent tube in view of a dog, the dog expects the object to end up

Answer 14

Directly beneath where it was put into the tube

Question 15

Which of the following statements about dog olfaction is true?

Answer 15

Some dogs have a highly sensitive sense of smell

Question 16

How much more sensitive is dog olfaction than human?

Answer 16

There is no single correct value; sensitivity varies with training, target scent, and other factors

Question 17

Pre-exposure to an odor before olfactory detection training starts.

Answer 17

improves subsequent learning to find that odor, only if the odor was pre-exposed in a Pavlovian contingency.

Question 18

What is the secondary olfactory organ of the dog called?

Answer 18

Jacobson’s organ; vomeronasal organ

Question 19

Dog color vision is more limited than human because

Answer 19

Dogs have color vision typical of other non-primate mammals

Question 20

When a dog is given a choice of pulling one of two diagonally crossed-over strings, one of which is connected to a piece of food

Answer 20

Dogs choose the string not connected to the food

Question 21

Behaviors that occur during ‘good’ play can also sometimes lead to aggression.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Why might play be maladaptive in wild animals?

Answer 22

It exposes animals to an increased risk of predation; It uses up energy; It uses up time that may be needed for foraging.

Question 23

Alexandra Horowitz’s experiment on the ‘guilty look’ in dogs demonstrates

Answer 23

That what looks like ‘guilt’ in dogs is a conciliatory behavior to an annoyed person

Question 24

What evidence contradicts the idea that play is ‘purposeless?’

Answer 24

Dogs play more when people are paying attention to them

Question 25

Which of the following has NOT been proposed as a play signal?

Answer 25

Raised-leg urination

Question 26

According to Lindsay Mehrkam’s studies, when is play more likely to lead to aggression?

Answer 26

When dogs are crowded in a smaller park

Question 27

Which of the following methods is NOT valuable for demonstrating ‘true imitation?’

Answer 27

Imitation control method

Question 28

Which of these behaviors is characteristic of play?

Answer 28

Bowing; Self-Handicapping

Question 29

According to Lindsay Mehrkam’s research, owners, when watching their of dogs playing,

Answer 29

Often confuse aggression and play

Question 30

Which of the following is LEAST likely an example of local enhancement?

Answer 30

A dog pushes a screen to the left after seeing another dog push the screen to the left

Question 31

According to Lindsay Mehrkam’s research, which behaviors do people discourage even though they are not dangerous?

Answer 31

Mounting; Muzzle licking

Question 32

Which of the following has NOT been proposed as a function of dog play?

Answer 32

Play identifies the weakest individuals to winnow the pack

Question 33

What kind of play is most likely to lead to aggression in a dog park?

Answer 33

Wrestling

Question 34

Which canids play most, dogs, wolves or coyotes?

Answer 34

Dogs play more than wolves or coyotes

Question 35

Pilley stopped trying to expand Chaser’s vocabulary because

Answer 35

He had difficulty finding toys he hadn’t already trained Chaser on

Question 36

Lord and colleagues conclude that dogs bark more often than do wild canids because

Answer 36

Dogs are more often trapped; Dogs are punier than most wild canids

Question 37

What are agonistic interactions among dogs?

Answer 37

Interactions associated with conflict

Question 38

Dogs listening to recordings of other dogs barking

Answer 38

Distinguished barks recorded when the dogs were tethered alone vs. barks responding to a stranger

Question 39

How do we know that Chaser really understood object names as nouns, and not just as commands to pick up objects?

Answer 39

Chaser could carry out different verbs (commands) on different objects, even if verb and object had never been trained together

Question 40

Why isn’t Darwin’s observation of his dog Polly a scientific study?

Answer 40

Darwin’s observations were not systematic

Question 41

Very few dogs have been found with a receptive vocabulary of more than a few human words because

Answer 41

Very few dogs understand much human language

Question 42

Which of the following is (are) an advantage of pen and paper testing of dog temperament

Answer 42

No trained person is needed to administer the test; the test can be administered to very large number of dogs very cheaply

Question 43

Why is repeated testing of the same animal necessary to prove that a behavior can be considered part of an individual’s temperament?

Answer 43

Because temperament is defined as relatively stable patterns of behavior

Question 44

Which of the following could NOT be a component of dog temperament?

Answer 44

Height to shoulder

Question 45

People listening to recordings of dog barks

Answer 45

Could identify the context in which barks were recorded, but not individual dogs

Question 46

The most popular pen and paper test of dog temperament is called

Answer 46

CBARQ

Question 47

Sue Sternberg’s “assess a pet”

Answer 47

Is a behavioral test of dog temperament