Final Exam Flashcards
Work (Definition)
Employment (in some form of industry)
• As a means of earning one’s livelihood
• One’s place of employment
Obligation – state of mind, attitude, or form of behaviour
Recreation (Definition)
An experience or activity that “re-creates” or “restores” an individual
• Associated with positive emotions such as enjoyment, fun, and feelings of accomplishment
• Voluntary action
• Structured activity (e.g. soccer)
Leisure (Definition)
Any activity or state of mind experience that is freely driven or happens spontaneously (during work or discretionary time)
• Leisure is a choice associated with perceived freedom or intrinsic motivation
❖ Perceived Freedom – person’s ability to exercise choice, or self-determination over his/her behaviour
❖ Intrinsic Motivation – energizing behaviours that are internally/psychologically
rewarding (e.g. meeting goals)
• Leisure can allow opportunities for self-actualization; activities are self-selected and pleasurable
• Associated with what we do in our free time
Play (Definition)
- Exercise or activity done for amusement
- Attributes of Play:
- Play is pleasurable, enjoyable.
- Play has no extrinsic goals.
- Play is spontaneous and voluntary.
- Play involves some active engagement on the part of the player.
- Play has certain systematic relations to what is not play.
How do work and leisure co-exist?
Work in Leisure (e.g. volunteering, passions in job role, tour guide)
o Spillover leisure
o Serious leisure
• Leisure in Work (e.g. lunch breaks, daydreaming, social media play)
o Interstitial leisure
What are the 4 benefits of Recreation and Leisure?
- Social Benefits
- Economic Benefits
- Environmental Benefits
- Political Benefits
Name some Economic benefits of Recreation and Leisure
- Lowers health care costs
- Productive workforce
- Catalyst for tourism
- Reduces vandalism & criminal activity
- Lower health insurance costs
Name some Environmental benefits of Recreation and Leisure
- Environmental health of a community
- Environmental protection & rehabilitation
- Increases property value in surrounding areas
- Insurance for the future
Name some Political benefits of Recreation and Leisure
- Services for public good
- Enhances the feeling of being Canadian
- Sponsorship & financial support
- Endorsement of recreation & leisure as a basic right of all Canadians
Did recreation and leisure begin prior to Confederation in Canada?
Yes, it has been traced back to Aboriginal & Inuit People (Indigenous People of Canada).
History of Leisure Era: Early Years of Canada
(Began July 1, 1867)
a. World’s first indoor hockey
b. Algonquin National Park established
History of Leisure Era: The Playground Movement
(1900-1909)
a. Canada’s first playground in Saint John, Nova Scotia, initiating the ‘Playground Movement’
b. Lord’s Day Act – Lead to the establishment of the weekend; Mandatory time off of work
History of Leisure Era: The Early Formation of Municipal and Voluntary RLS
(1910-1919)
a. The first full-time municipal recreation staff hired by Toronto Parks Dept.
b. Public parks were socially acceptable in communities
History of Leisure Era: The Golden Age of Sport
(1920-1929)
a. Tourism started to develop
b. Public outdoor facilities became popular
History of Leisure Era: Provincial Government Involvement Takes Off
(1930-1939)
a. Listening to the radio became popular & watching movies with sound
b. Start of the NHL being broadcast across the country
History of Leisure Era: The Impact of WII
(1940-1949)
a. Many recreation & leisure services were put on hold due to WWII
b. Camping was the one recreation activity that increased in popularity due to training for the war
History of Leisure Era: The Growth of Services, Opportunities, and Consumerism
(1950-1959)
a. Professional ballet & opera were introduced
b. Introduction of motorized recreational vehicles (e.g. snowmobiles, motorboats, motorcycles)
History of Leisure Era: The Leisure and Recreation Book
(1960-1969)
a. University degrees focused on municipal & Therapeutic Recreation
b. Provincial sport organizations were established
History of Leisure Era: Higher Education and Research in Leisure Studies Come of Age
(1970-1979)
a. General public began to demand recreation as a basic right
b. Concern for preventative health care grew
History of Leisure Era: Learning to Do More with Less
(1980 - 1989)
a. A decade defined by cutbacks in the leisure service industry
b. A preference for less vigorous activities (e.g. walking), increased use of free activities, and nature appreciation
History of Leisure Era: The Leisure Value of Leisure and Recreation
(1990 - 1999)
a. The need to experience recreation began to grow again; evolved as a part of life and way of living
b. Canada’s park system was the largest in the world
History of Leisure Era: The Age of Anxiety, Chaos, & Leisure Innovation
(2000 - 2010)
a. Prior to 2001: Canadians were spending on leisure and recreation at an all
time high
❖Tourism was a huge money maker for all major cities as the century turned
❖9/11 changed everything, along with SARS, avian flu & H1N1 (swine flu)
b. • Obesity became prevalent and is now a major concern due to a more sedentary lifestyle
The Public Sector (Federal Government)
• Mandate is to promote health & wellness through recreation and sport
• 3 Departments directly involved in leisure & recreation:
❖ Canadian Heritage
❖ Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
❖ Parks Canada
The Commercial Sector
• Is a business oriented approach
4 TYPES OF COMMERCIAL RECREATION ORGANIZATIONS – Tourism – Local Commercial Recreation – Retail Sales – Manufacturing
The Voluntary Sector
- Is the area of service that has it’s closets ties to local communities
- Governed by volunteer boards
Types of Volunteers: Seniors / The unemployed / Teenagers/students / Families / Persons with disabilities / Law-breakers
TYPES OF VOLUNTARY LEISURE ORGANIZATIONS (4 main categories): – Athletics & Sports – Arts – Business & Professional Groups – Community
Tourism (Definition)
The activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than 1 consecutive year for leisure, business or other purposes.
Heritage Tourism (Definition)
Concerned with visiting natural, cultural & historical places for education or nostalgic purposes.
Sport Tourism (Definition)
The use of sports for touristic endeavors.
Consists of 6 categories: sports events, resorts,
cruises, attractions, adventures & tours
Cultural Tourism (Definition)
The pursuit of the touristic experience as a means to explore the lifestyle & history of a given society.
- Focuses on learning, observing & experiencing
- 2 types of Cultural Tourists: general & specialized
- General Cultural Tourist – travels to different various countries/cities
- Specialized Cultural Tourist – makes repeated visits to one location to find a deeper meaning of that particular culture
Educational Tourism (Definition)
Focuses on learning & possibly earning university/college credits.
Ecotourism (Definition)
Focuses on the maintenance of natural ecosystems through tourism.
- Central goal is the integration of conservation and development of sustainability in the tourism experience
- Includes camping, kayaking, bird watching & botanical studies
Wildlife Tourism (Definition)
Observation, photography & videotaping of wildlife, and searching for wildlife.
Garden Tourism (Definition)
Travel with the intention to visit horticultural destinations, public gardens & other “garden-type” attractions.
Culinary Tourism (Definition)
Travel is driven by the unique cuisine of the destination.
Wedding Tourism (Definition)
Essentially destination weddings.
Parks (Definition)
Is a geographical area with boundaries, either within or outside of an urban region.
List the four generic categories of parks:
❖Local/Municipal
❖Regional
❖Provincial/Territorial
❖National
Conservation (Definition)
…life-support systems for the planet’s population of humans and other species
Culture (Definition)
- A set of shared attitudes, values, goals and practices that define a group of people.
- A concept that reflects our overall behaviour & characterizes a particular peoples’ way of life.
- Everything that makes up a society is part of its culture.
- Some things can be agreed upon to be part of its culture (e.g. flag, anthem).
- But not everything is agreed upon, sometimes it depends on an individual’s perspective
- Consists of 3 attributes: religion, language & social/arts activities
Canadian Culture (Definition)
- Canadian culture for most people can be identified through our symbols: Maple leaf, beaver, and red & white
- Multiculturalism; cultural mosaic
- Indigenous Culture
Arts (Definition)
- Arts is the expression of creativity of imagination
- The act of making “works” (artwork) which uses human creative impulse
- Is a subdivision of culture, composed of many different endeavors and disciplines, also termed arts “programming”
What are the Four Stages of Cultural Competence?
▪ Unconscious incompetence – not being aware that one is lacking knowledge about another culture
▪ Conscious incompetence – being aware that one is
lacking knowledge about another culture
▪ Conscious Competence – learning about a client’s culture and providing culturally specific interventions
▪ Unconscious Competence – automatically providing
culturally congruent care to clients of diverse cultures
What are the Four Domains of the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy?
▪ Physical Fitness (e.g. cardio-respiratory, muscular strength, flexibility)
▪ Motor behaviour (e.g. fundamental motor skill proficiency)
▪ Physical Activity Behaviours (e.g. directly measured daily activity)
▪ Psycho-social/Cognitive factors (e.g. attitudes, knowledge, and feelings)
What are the Six Wellness Dimensions (Domains of Wellness)?
❖ Physical Wellness ❖ Intellectual Wellness ❖ Emotional Wellness ❖ Social Wellness ❖ Environmental Wellness ❖ Spiritual Wellness
Physical Wellness [Definition + Example]
- Nutrition and physical activity provide foundations for overall wellness.
- Includes what we eat and how active we are.
Examples:
• Proper eating habits
• Physical activity for Children – 1 hour/day and Adults – 2.5 hours/week
Intellectual Wellness [Definition + Example]
• Focuses on learning throughout your life
Example: Book Clubs
Emotional Wellness [Definition + Example]
- Deals with developing a skill set that allows a person to handle emotional situations
- Relationships, job challenges and death are examples of emotional events
Example: People deal with stress by being physically active, eating healthy & developing a support system
Social Wellness [Definition + Example]
• A person’s ability to interact & participate effectively in a variety of environments
Example: Recreation programs provide opportunities for people from all backgrounds to interact
Environmental Wellness [Definition + Example]
- Impact of the environment on our health has become more evident
- Parks, trails and the products we buy contributes to the state of our environment
- Recreation focuses on the built environment to improve access to and the use of public areas
Example: Hiking, Walking
Spiritual Wellness [Definition + Example]
Follows two fundamental beliefs:
– It is better to ponder the meaning of life for ourselves & to be tolerant of the beliefs of others, than to close our minds and become intolerant
– It is better to live each day in a way that is consistent with our values than to do otherwise and feel untrue to ourselves
Example: Can involve prayer, meditation, or religion
What is the TR Process (APIE)?
Assessment
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Special Recreation [Definition]
A recreational service that takes place in a public community setting to provide enjoyment and to challenge and enrich people with disabilities.
Example of Specialized Recreation Program: Special Olympics and Paralympics
What is AODA?
The Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA)
• Is a law in Ontario that allows the government to develop specific standards of accessibility and to enforce them.
Deviant Leisure [Definition]
- Deviance from moral/social norms (standard deviance).
- Difficult to define precisely as leisure remains a difficult term to conceptualize (e.g. activity, time, state of mind).
- Can vary on impact depending on casual or serious forms of leisure.
What are the two types of leisure? Define both.
Casual Leisure & Serious Leisure
Casual Leisure: immediately, intrinsically rewarding, relatively short-lived pleasurable activity requiring little or no special training to enjoy it.
Serious Leisure: the systematic pursuit of an activity that participants find so substantial and interesting that, in the typical case, they launch themselves on a career centered on acquiring and expressing its special skills, knowledge, and experience.
TYPES OF DEVIANT LEISURE (8)
❖Violence in video games ❖Crime/Serial Murder ❖Auto Theft ❖Binge Drinking ❖Illegal Drug Use ❖Illicit Sexual desires ❖Gambling ❖Adventure Recreation
Management (Definition)
An art that coordinates the efforts of people to accomplish goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively.
Recreation Facility Management (Definition)
Is an interdisciplinary field devoted to the coordination of space, infrastructure, people and organization, often associated with the administration of office blocks, arenas, schools, convention centers, shopping complexes, hospitals & hotels.
What are the 4 main management resources?
❖Employees
❖Money
❖Equipment
❖Facilities
Managing Resources: Employees
Need to ensure employees fulfill their obligations to the company.
– Includes recruitment, hiring and training
Managing Resources: Money
Proper management of fiscal resources can have a significant impact on the facility.
– Know the sources of income, know expenses, know
how to budget & understand basic accounting
Managing Resources: Equipment
Any item, mechanical or otherwise, that enhances the production and delivery processes
– Extensive resource that includes purchasing,
inventory, receiving, storing and maintaining
Managing Resources: Facilities
Initially the most expensive element.
e.g. building, ball park, golf course
