Final Exam

Question 0

Indicator Species

Answer 0

A species sensitive to small changes in environmental conditions

Question 1

Biosphere

Answer 1

The narrow zone around Earth that harbours life

Question 2

Equilibrium

Answer 2

A state of physical balance

Question 3

Trophic Levels

Answer 3

A category of living things defined by how it gains its energy; the first tropic level contains autotrophs, and each higher level contains heterotrophs

Question 4

Food Chains

Answer 4

A sequence linking organisms that feed on each other, starting with a food source and continuing in order with each consumer

Question 5

Food Webs

Answer 5

A representation of the feeding relationships among organisms in an ecosystem

Question 6

Autotrophs

Answer 6

An organism that uses the Suns energy and raw materials to make its own food; a producer

Question 7

Heterotrophs

Answer 7

An organism that is incapable of making its own food, and so must feed on other organisms to gain energy

Question 8

Monoculture

Answer 8

Cultivation of a single species

Question 9

Chemosynthesis

Answer 9

The process by which non-photosynthetic organisms convert inorganic chemicals to organic compounds without solar energy

Question 10

Transpiration

Answer 10

The loss of water through plant leaves

Question 11

Leaching

Answer 11

The removal of soluble minerals by percolation

Question 12

Water Table

Answer 12

The boundary between the layer of soil that is saturated with water, and the unsaturated soil above it

Question 13

Albedo

Answer 13

A term used to describe the extent to which a surface can reflect light that strikes it; an Albedo of 0.08 means that 8% of the light is reflected

Question 14

Niche

Answer 14

Status of an organism within its environment an community

Question 15

Limiting factors

Answer 15

Factor that controls a process

Question 16

Adaptation

Answer 16

The action or process of adapting or being adapted

Question 17

Natural selection

Answer 17

The result of differential reproductive success of individuals caused by variations in their inherited characteristics

Question 18

Biome

Answer 18

A large geographical region with a specific range of temperatures and precipitation, and the organisms that are adapted to those conditions of temperature and precipitation

Question 19

Permafrost

Answer 19

Permanently frozen soil

Question 20

Plankton

Answer 20

Autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms found in the limnetic zone of a lake or pond

Question 21

Humus

Answer 21

Decaying plant and animal matter

Question 22

Ecotone

Answer 22

A transition area between ecosystems

Question 23

Oligotrophic

Answer 23

Having low nutrient levels

Question 24

Eutrophic

Answer 24

Having high nutrient levels

Question 25

Biological oxygen demand (BOD)

Answer 25

The amount of dissolved oxygen needed by decomposers to completely break down the organic matter in a water sample at 20*C over five days

Question 26

Oxidation

Answer 26

A reaction in which an atom or molecule loses electrons

Question 27

Reduction

Answer 27

A reaction in which an atom or molecule gains electrons

Question 28

Photon

Answer 28

A packet of light

Question 29

Photolysis

Answer 29

A chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down by light; in photosynthesis, water molecules are split up by photolysis

Question 30

Active transport

Answer 30

Movement of substances across cell membranes against a concentration gradient which uses energy

Question 31

Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 Max)

Answer 31

The maximum volume of oxygen, in millilitres, that the cells of the body can remove from the blood stream in one minute per kilogram of body mass while the body experiences maximum exertion

Question 32

Lactic acid threshold

Answer 32

The value of exercise intensity at which lactic acid production increases