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Cells to Systems > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following processes is the smooth muscle layer of the digestive system?

A

Mixing and propulsion

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2
Q

What process is the primary function of the mouth?

A

Ingestion

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3
Q

What process is the primary function of the villi of the small intestine?

A

Absorption

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4
Q

What accessory organ produces a fluid to soften food?

A

Salivary glands

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5
Q

What accessory organ produces a fluid that functions to emulsify dietary fats?

A

Liver

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6
Q

What accessory organ stores bile?

A

Gallbladder

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7
Q

The capability of the GI tract to move material along its length is called

  1. Motility
  2. Propulsion
  3. Digestion
  4. Defecation
A

Both 1 and 2

  1. Motility
  2. Propulsion
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8
Q

What part of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue containing blood and lymph vessels

A

Lamina propria

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9
Q

What layer functions by secreting a lubricating fluid?

A

Serosa

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10
Q

What is composed of prominent lymphatic nodules that function in the immune response?

A

MALT

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11
Q

Which plexus is located between the longitudinal circular smooth muscle layers of the muscularis?

A

Menteric plexus

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12
Q

Why do emotions such as anger or fear slow digestion?

A

Because they stimulate the sympathetic nerves that supply the GI tract

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13
Q

Which portion of the peritoneum drapes over the transverse colon and coils of the small intestines?

A

Falciform ligament

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14
Q

What is the hard palate?

  1. Is the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth
  2. Is formed by the maxillae and palatine bones
  3. Is covered by a mucous membrane
A

All of the choices

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15
Q

What is lateral to the base of the uvula in the mouth, this muscular fold runs posteriorly down the lateral sides of the soft palate to the pharynx

A

Palatopharyngeal arch

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16
Q

In the mouth, the tooth sockets are lined with

A

Periodontal ligament

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17
Q

Deciduous molars are replaced by

A

Bicuspids

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18
Q

Which of the following contains skeletal muscle?

A

Muscularis

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19
Q

How many stages of deglutition are there?

A

Three

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20
Q

Which structure of the stomach allows greater distension for food storage?

A

Rugae

21
Q

Which of the following secrete hydrochloric acid?

A

Parietal Cells

22
Q

Which cell secretes the hormone that promotes production of hydrochloric acid?

A

G cell

23
Q

How long can food stay in the fundus before being mixed with gastric juices?

A

One Hour

24
Q

What is the major duct carries a fluid rich in bio-carbonate ions?

A

Pancreatic duct

25
Q

Which pancreatic enzyme digests lipids?

A

Lipase

26
Q

What is found on the liver and is a remnant of the umbilical cord in a fetus?

A

Round ligament

27
Q

What is the principle bile pigment?

A

Bilirubin

28
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

A

Storage of bilirubin

29
Q

Which of the following small intestine cells secrete lysozyme?

A

Paneth cells

30
Q

What does Brunner’s glands secrete?

A

An alkaline mucus

31
Q

Which enzyme acts to produce monoglycerides as one product?

A

Lipase

32
Q

Which pancreatic enzyme acts on glycogen and starches?

A

Amylase

33
Q

What pancreatic enzyme acts on peptide bond?

A

Chymotrypsin

34
Q

Which hormone functions to counteract the effect of gastric acid in the small intestine?

A

Secretin

35
Q

What hormone is stimulated by high levels of dietary fat in the small intestine?

A

Cholecystokinin

36
Q

What digestive aid, produced by the stomach, begins digestion by denaturing proteins?

A

Hydrochloric acid

37
Q

What structure regulates the flow of material into the colon?

A

Ileocecal sphincter

38
Q

What is NOT a primary function of the large intestine?

A

Regulation of blood glucose

39
Q

When you swallow, which structures rise to close off the nasopharynx?

A

Uvula and soft palate

40
Q

How does the digestive system assist the muscular system

A

The liver converts lactic acid produced by muscles to glucose

41
Q

What are the cellular components of blood?

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

42
Q

What are red blood cells called?

A

Erythrocytes

43
Q

What are white blood cells called?

A

Leucocytes

44
Q

What are platelets called?

A

Thrombocytes

45
Q

What are the type of white blood cells?

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Lymphocytes
  • Monocytes
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
46
Q

What is Haemopoiesis?

A
  • ‘haima’ blood
  • ‘poiesis’ to make

to make blood

47
Q

What is Haemopoiesis subdivided into?

A
  • Erythropoiesis
  • Myelopoiesis
  • Granulpoiesis
  • Monopoiesis
  • Thrombopoiesis
  • Lymphopoiesis
48
Q

Where are the Haemopoietic sites in Embryos?

A

Site - Yolk sac

49
Q

Where are the Haemopoietic sites in Foetus?

A

Site - Liver, Spleen

Cells to Systems (1 decks)

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