Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clin Nutrition II > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are the similarities in conservative mgmt of calcium oxalate and uric acid kidney stones?

A

Drink 14+ cups fluid/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the differences in conservative mgmt of calcium oxalate and uric acid kidney stones?

A

Calcium oxalate

  • low oxalate diet
  • supplement

Uric acid kidney stones:

  • low purine diet
  • maint. alkaline uric >pH 6
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What foods do you avoid if you’re trying to do a low oxalate diet for calcium oxalate stones?

A 
Spinach
Rhubarb
Beet greens
Nuts
Chocolate
Tea
Bran
Almonds
Peanuts
Strawberries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How much and what types of fluids should be emphasized and which should be avoided to reduce calcium oxalate stone risk?

A

14+ cups liquid / day

Most beverages even caffeinated, orange juice, lemonade

Citrates counteract dietary acids residues and inhibit crystallization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of fluid to avoid to reduce calcium oxalate stone risk?

A 
Soft drinks (d/t sugar, phosphate)
Grapefruit juice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What quantitative urine test can help guide doctor in managing kidney stones? Why?

A

24-hour urine analysis

Identifies patients with high output of CA, oxalate or uric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can calcium supplementation be made safer for patients w/ history of kidney stones?

A

Calcium in food and with food reduces risk because calcium binds oxalate.

Citrate-containing calcium binds crystal, which inhibits the effect of citrate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the role of Magnesium in the formation of kidney stones?

  • quantity
  • MOA and where does it act?
A

200-400 mg/day

Inhibits calcium crystallization in urinary tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the role of Vitamin B6 in the formation of kidney stones?

  • quantity
  • MOA
A

50-150 mg/day

Aid oxalate catabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the role of vitamin C in the formation of kidney stones?

  • quantity
  • MOA
A

1000 mg/day

May have to be avoided if they increase urinary oxalate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

For people with frequent urinary tract infections, what lifestyle modifications should be recommended?

A

High fluid intake
Frequent urination
Cotton underwear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What botanicals are suggested for urinary tract infections?

A

Cranberry
Vitamin A
Chinese herbal medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Caccinium macrocarpon?

A

Cranberry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the part of cranberry AKA Caccinium macrocarpon that is used?

A

Berry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Active part of cranberry AKA Caccinium macrocarpon?

A

Flavonoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MOA of cranberry AKA Caccinium macrocarpon?

A

Inhibit adhesion of pathogens to epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dose of cranberry AKA Caccinium macrocarpon?

A

Juice 10-16 oz

Supplement 400-800 mg 2x/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Safety concerns of cranberry AKA Caccinium macrocarpon?

A

GI upset
Weight gaine
Diabetics need more insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Who is cranberry AKA Caccinium macrocarpon contraindicated for?

A

Kidney stone risk

Anticoag therapy?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How much vitamin A should one take for urinary tract infections?

A

single dose 200,000 IU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the botanicals for benign prostatic hyperplasia? (5)

A

Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens, Serenoa serrulata, sabal serrulata)

Pygeum bark (Prunus africanus)

Nettle root (Urtica dioica)

ß-sitosterol

Pollen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Serenoa repens? Serenoa serrulata? Sabal serrulata?

A

Saw palmetto

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What part of Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens, Serenoa serrulata, sabal serrulata) is used?

A

Berry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the MOA of Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens, Serenoa serrulata, sabal serrulata)?

A

Antiandorgenic
Antiproliferative
Anti-inflamm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the one small concern with Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens, Serenoa serrulata, sabal serrulata)?

A

That it may prolong bleeding in susceptible people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How do you take Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens, Serenoa serrulata, sabal serrulata)?

A

Lipophilic ripe berry extract 80-90% FA (320 mg/day in 1-2 doses)

Do not take it in tea bc water and FA do not mix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is prunus africanus (African plum)?

A

Pygeum bark

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the active part of Pygeum bark AKA prunus africanus?

A

Fat soluble sterols and triterpenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the standard for Pygeum bark AKA prunus africanus?

A

14% triterpenes OR

13% sterols

30
Q

What is the dose for Pygeum bark AKA prunus africanus?

A

75-200 mg/day in 1-2 doses

31
Q

What is Urtica dioica?

A

Nettle root

32
Q

What is the dose recommendation for Nettle root AKA Urtica dioica

A

120 mg 10:1 nettle root extract 2x/day

PLUS 160 mg Saw Palmetto

33
Q

What is the dose recommendation for ß-sitosterol?

A

60-130 mg/day

34
Q

What does pollen contain?

A

Beta-sterols

35
Q

Dose for pollen in the use of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

126 mg 3x/day

36
Q

What are all the gynecological conditions associated with estrogen DOMINANCE (hyper-estrogenism). (4)

A
  • PMS
  • Abnormal uterine bleeding
  • Benign growths of breast, uterus, ovary
  • Breast cancer risk
37
Q

What causes estro dominance? (5)

A

Increased body fat (estrogen production)

Poorly functioning liver (estrogen catabolism)

Lack of nutrient cofactors required for estrogen metab

Inefficiency elim of estrogen metabolites

Also, insufficient progesterone production can oppose effects of estrogen

38
Q

What gyn conditions are estrogen deficiency?

A

Menopause

Amenorrhea

Some types of infertility

39
Q

What gyn conditions are better described as eicosanoids imbalance?

A

Dysmenorrhea

Pain is from combo of eicosanoids-mediated ischemia, uterine mm irritability, and nerve hypersensitivity.

40
Q

What is a natural therapy strategy to regulate estrogen?

A

Anything that helps liver function

  • reduce dietary fat
  • increase fiber and plant food
  • improve colon bacteria
  • adequate micronutrient intake
41
Q

How does reducing dietary fat help regulate estrogen?

A

Animal fat contains arachidonic acid which is a precursor of leuteolytic prostaglandin

42
Q

How does increasing dietary fiber and plant food help regulate estrogen?

A

Decreases enterohepatic recycling of estrogen and decreases plasma estrogen levels which increases fecal excretion of estrogen

43
Q

How does healthy colon bacteria help regulate estrogen?

A

Improve intestinal elimination of estrogen w/ Lactobacillus acidophilus cultures, which inhibit fecal bacteria and deconjugate estrogen and render it available for absorption back into circulation

44
Q

What are 4 ways to help liver function?

A
  • reduce dietary fat
  • increase fiber and plant food
  • improve colon bacteria
  • adequate micronutrient intake
45
Q

How is estrogen metabolism affected by liver function and the intestinal environment?

A

Ovary makes estradiol
Estradiol converted to estrone and then estriol in the liver.
Estrogen dominance may be because of
1 - incomplete conversion which leads to a build up of estradiol

Estradiol contributes to fibrocystic breast disease, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, breast cancer, endometriosis, PMS.

46
Q

What is the best diet for PMS?

A

Longevity diet - vegetarian, low fat, high fiber

47
Q

What are supplements recommended for PMS? Which one has the BEST EVIDENCE?

A 
B6
Vit D or ***Calcium***
Magnesium
Vit E
Vitex angus AKA chasteberry
L- tryptophan

***BEST EVIDENCE: Calcium is the only supplement routinely recommended by guidelines published by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and received the highest evidence grade from Natural Standarda and Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database.

48
Q

What is the suggested diet for fibrocystic breast disease?

A

Low fat
High fiber
Vegetarian

49
Q

What are supplements recommended for fibrocystic breast disease? Which one has the BEST EVIDENCE?

A 
***Red clover isoflavones*** reduced P by 44%
Vitamin E
GLA
Botanical supplements for DOM and/or PMS
Potassium iodide
50
Q

What is the recommended diet for menopausal symptoms?

A

High in soy and other plant food

Flaxseed

51
Q

What are supplements recommended for menopausal symptoms? Which one has the BEST EVIDENCE?

A 
Vitamin E for Sx
Vit C for hot flashes
Soy extracts for hot flashes
Black cohosh AKA cimicifuga racemosa for hot flashes
St. John’s wort
Red clover extract
Kava extract for anxiety
Topical progesterone for hot flashes
52
Q

What is the recommended diet for dysmenorrhea?

A

Low-fat vegetarian diet

53
Q

What are supplements recommended for dysmenorrhea? Which one has the BEST EVIDENCE?

A 
Fish oils OR Neptune krill oil
Ginger root powder OR pyenogenol aka pine bark
Calcium and magnesium
Vit E
Botanicals not evaluated
54
Q

Diet for PCOS?

A

N/a

55
Q

What are supplements recommended for PCOS? Which one has the BEST EVIDENCE?

A

Reishi aka Gandoerma lucidum
Licorice and spearmint
White peony
Green tea

56
Q

What is Gandoerma lucidum?

A

Reishi

57
Q

What is Pyenogenol?

A

Pine bark

58
Q

What is cimicifuga racemosa?

A

Black cohosh

59
Q

What is Vitex angus?

A

Chasteberry

60
Q

Which of the treatments is the only proven effective Tx for one of those 4 conditions?

A

???

61
Q

Sx of PMS

A
  • Mood swings
  • Water retention
  • Breast tenderness
  • Other pains
  • Cravings

More severe = premenstrual dysphoric disorder

62
Q

Sx of fibrocystic breast disease

A

• painful cysts present throughout monthly cycle

63
Q

Sx of menopause

A
  • Hot flashes
  • Skin and vag dry
  • Decreased libido
  • Easy bruising
64
Q

Sx of dysmennorhea

A

• Pelvic and LBP during menses

65
Q

Sx of PCOS

A

Class Sx only affect 1/3 women

  • Hirsutism 50%
  • Obesity 40%
  • Infertility 20%
  • Amenorrhea 50%
66
Q

Describe the sources and potential roles of phytoestrogens in prevention and mgmt of gyn conditions. Why can they be helpful for either excessive or insufficient estrogen?

A

Phytoestrogens inhibit the production and/or effects of circulating human estrogens and so they may reduce effects of hyperestrogenism.

……what about hypoestrogenism?

67
Q

How often should isoflavone supplements be taken for best results […of what??] ?

A

Reduction in pain 13% for placebo while 44% for 40 mg of isoflavone per day and 31% for 80 mg per day.

There have been no previous clinical studies of isoflavones for the treatment of mastalgia and the benefit demonstrated in this study adds another valuable arm to therapy.

68
Q

What are methylxanthines?

A

Caffeine
Theobromine
Theophylline

69
Q

What gynecological disorder may be relieved by avoiding methylxanthines (caffeine, theobromine, theophylline)?

A

Elimination of methylxanthines may relieve fibrocystic breast disease

70
Q

Which conditions can improve with OTC topical progesterone creams? What dose?

A

Menopausal Sx
20 mg/day
May reduce hot flashes in 83% women

Clin Nutrition II (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions