Final Exam

Question 1

3 factors of disease

Answer 1

1. Host susceptible to pathogen
2. Environmental conditions promote stability and viability of pathogen
3. Host and pathogen contact frequent enough for disease occurance

Question 2

Hippopotamidae characteristics

Answer 2

semiaquatic
hairless
dorsal nostrils
fat
exude oils that act as sunscreen

Question 3

Cetacean evolution

Answer 3

closest relative-artiodactyls
15-5 mya
flipper foot land wolf ancestor-Pakicetus

Question 4

Steps in Cetacean evolution

Answer 4

thick bony wall around middle ear
large powerful tail, shorter legs, fat pad in jaw for hearing
salt water
nasal openings shift back, eyes on side of head
flukes, smaller hind legs, nasal shifts back
complete loss of hind legs, nasal to blow hole position
split-baleen or echolocation

Question 5

Cetacean Characteristics

Answer 5

fusiform
flippers
absent hindlimbs
vestigial or absent pelvis
telescoped skull
nostrils as blowhole
vasularized blubber
round lens in eye

Question 6

Suborders of Cetaceans

Answer 6

Mysticeti-baleen for filter feeding; large-consume lower trophic levels, buoyancy in water, throat pouch in some
Odontoceti- toothed whales; echolocation; dolphin like; skull morphology; individual fish rather than groups

Question 7

echolocation in odontocetes

Answer 7

sound produced by phonic lips in blow hole
sound out through melon
sound in through fat-filled lower jaw cavity

Question 8

Male reproductive anatomy

Answer 8

abdominal testes in monotremes, edentates, elephants, sirenians, cetceans, eulipotyphla
scrotal testes in all others
baculum in rodents, bats, carnivores, non-human primates
various penile morphologies

Question 9

female reproductive anatomy

Answer 9

duplex-pair of uteri, each with own cervix, and separate urogenital sinus entrance
bipartate/bicornate-2 uterine horns fused at base
simplex-single uterus

Question 10

benefits of polyestrous vs. monestrous

Answer 10

poly-multiple cycles/year; r selected

mon-1 cycle/year; K selected; correlates with environment/resource availability

Question 11

Placental villi distribution

Answer 11

diffuse-villi over entire surface
cotyledonary-evenly spaced groups of villi
zonary-band of villi encircles equator
discoidal-one or two disk-shaped areas

Question 12

Placental attachment type

Answer 12

epitheliochorial-fetal and maternal epithelial tissue between the two capillaries
endotheliochorial-
hemochorial-maternal blood in contact with fetal epithelial

Question 13

p

Answer 13

choriovitelline

chorioallantoic