Final Exam Flashcards
The butterfat from milk is used in making ice cream and protein making cheese.
True
Gestation in swine is about 114 days.
True
Beef, sheep, and swine all have 21 days between estrus cycles.
False
Feed efficiency in beef is 6-8 lbs for 1 lb of gain.
False
Protein and butterfat are the two most important components of milk.
True
Gestation in sheep is 5 months.
True
The majority of the horses in the US are used for recreation or as pets.
True
A typical sound and decent horse can be purchased for $3,500 to $5,000 at the CSUF horse unit.
True
Horses are worth whatever someone is willing to pay.
True
The most popular breed of horse in the US is the Quarter Horse.
True
The horse industry in the US is extremely diverse.
True
The poultry industry has for the most part become fully integrated.
True
The term broiler and fryer is interchangeable as it relates to chickens.
True
Fresno County is ranked 1st in poultry production in California
True
California consumers eat more chicken than any other state.
True
The poultry industry has developed only one specialized white breed for BOTH meat and egg production.
False
Turkeys are artificially inseminated in the industry.
True
Chickens typically lay about 150 eggs in 18 weeks.
False
Chicken producers use natural breeding at the rate of 1 rooster to 12 females.
True
Chickens gain about 1lb for every 2lbs or less of feed.
True
Californians consume less turkey per person than the national average
False
California produces more organic chicken than any other state.
True
The swine industry today has decreased in the number of operations in the US.
True
The swine industry is trying to improve the number for pigs/litter and the number of litters/sow.
True
Number of lambs born per ewe is very important to commercial sheep producers to become profitable,
True
Chickens are classified according to: Class Breed Variety All of the above None of the above
All of the above
Which breed produces the most quantity of milk? Jersey Guernsey Holstein Ayrshire
Holstein
How long is the standard lactation period of dairy cattle? 200 days 280 days 305 days 385 days
305 days
Which meat product has increased most in per capita consumption in the US in the past 20 years? Beef Pork Poultry Lamb
Poultry
What is animal science? Genetics Chemistry Finance Nutrition All of the above
All of the above
Animals contribute to society: Recreation Health Power Clothing All of the above
All of the above
A producer who raises specialized, genetically superior animals is called: Commercial Grower/Owner Stocker Purebred None of the above
Purebred
The average American eats \_\_\_ of lamb per year. 1 pound 4 pounds 1/2 pound 10 pounds
1 pound
Sheep provide humans with: Meat Fiber Skin All of the above 2 of the above
All of the above
Turkey and chicken breeds used for meat are typically white because: More white breast meat Can tolerate higher temperature They leave no coloration of the skin None of the above All of the above
They leave no coloration of the skin
You can tell what color egg a hen will produce by looking at her: Feathers Head color Type of feed she is fed Color of its ear lobe
Color of its ear lobe
Poultry industry has strict bio-security rules to: Prevent the spread of disease Protect birds from injury Stop the stealing of birds Control the smell
Prevent the spread of disease
The term poultry applies to: Chickens Turkeys Geese Pigeons All of the above
All of the above
What does monogastric mean?
Have one stomach
Have only small intestine
Have multiple stomachs
Have one stomach
Which of the following has a 17 day length of estrus (between heat cycle)? Horse Swine Cattle Sheep
Sheep
Lambs are typically harvested at what weight? 90-110 110-120 130-150 150-180
130-150
Hogs are typically harvested at what weight? 190-210 210-230 240-270 300-320
240-270
Beef cattle are typically harvest at what weight? 1400-1600 1200-1400 950-1050 800-900
1200-1400
Which is the true California Chicken fact:
California is ranked 1st in chicken producing states
California sells more “fresh” chicken than any other state
Most California chicken is sold in restaurants
California is 4th in the production of “organic” chicken
All of the above
California sells more “fresh” chicken than any other state
What is the FALSE California turkey fact:
California’s per capita consumption is 21 pounds, while the national consumption is 31 pounds per person
The world’s largest turkey breeding company is in California
California is ranked among the top 5 turkey producing states
California consumers eat more turkey than any other state
None of the above
California;s per capita consumption is 21 pounds, while the national consumption is 31 pounds pr prson
Club or Wether sire flocks primarily sell lambs to 4-H and FFA members to show at fairs.
True
There are numerous lamb processing plants in California and US
False
The sheep industry is promoting sheep as the “environmentally friendly” farm animal.
True
White face sheep excel in wool, mothering ability, and growth.
False
Examples of monogastric digestive systems are humans, pigs, and dogs.
True
Horses are considered ruminant.
False
Higher sources of carbohydrates are needed for animals in the fattening phase of production.
True
The trend is fewer but bigger hog operations in the US
True
Most swine operations use the “all in all out” type of production
True
The geographic shift in hog production has been from the corn producing states to the Southwest states.
False
The #1 state in hog production is Iowa, 2nd is North Carolina
True
China is the #1 country in world pork production.
True
The US swine industry is in a global market to meet the needs if consumers worldwide.
True
California ranks 2nd in total sheep numbers in the US
True
Texas is the 1st state in sheep numbers.
True
At one time there were 56 million sheep in the US, now there is less than 10 million.
True
Commercial/range flocks breed white face ewes to blackface rams and sell the lambs for market.
True
About 50% of the pigs now come from large farms.
True
The swine industry is becoming highly segmented.
False
The average weight of a broiler chicken is approximately tree pounds.
False
Majority of California swine producers sell 4-H and FFA project pigs to generate profit.
True
The value of a horse is hard to determine, it is mostly what someone is willing to pay.
True
The swine industry typically uses the all in all out method when moving sows in and out of the farrowing house.
True
Animal behavior is a relatively new area of study in the animal science industry.
True
Typically. the first time a heifer calves should be at least 3 years of age.
False
80% of horses in the US are raised for profit.
False
It is legal in California to sell horses for slaughter.
False
Majority of jobs in the horse industry are in the service area allied industries.
True
Purebred producers are concerned with selling cattle that will benefit the packer.
False
Consumers want healthy, cheap, tasty beef.
True
Stockers own cattle until slaughter.
False
The beef industry is highly integrated.
False
Beef feedlots are concerned with costs of nutrients and feed efficiency.
True
Stocker operations take advantage of native grass for cheap gain of calves before selling to feedlots.
True
Commercial producers can sell calves typically at weaning or retain ownership
True
of calves weaned per cow exposed is very important to commercial operations.
True
The future of the beef industry is creating alliances between different segments of the industry.
True
In the feedlot we feed animals to harvest, and maximize gain.
True
The milk price the CSUF diary receives at this time is around 26-28 dollars/100 lbs
False
Dairy cows in California are typically in the herd for 4 years before culled.
True
Beef cattle prices have remained at record levels and not gone down the last 2 months.
False
The average dairy herd in Tulare County is 5,000 cows.
False
Genotype plus environment = phenotype
True
Total skeletal mass is influenced by breed and mature size.
True
Larger frame animals are taller and lighter weight at maturity.
False
Larger frame animals deposit fat at a later age/
True
Increase in skeletal size is a result of increased long bone growth.
True
There are more number of muscles within breeds of swine. Ex. Hampshire have more vs. Yorkshire have less
False
Animals in general that are heavy muscled have more number of muscles than a lighter muscled animal.
False
Most fat deposition follows muscle and bone development.
True
Smaller frame animals fatten at younger ages and heavier weights.
false
Line-bred animals are more closely related than inbred animals
False
Crossbreeding is most widely used in purebred industry.
false
Horses are considered ruminants.
False
Two-thirds of all livestock feed is not fitted for human consumption.
True
For economic production you must know the total nutritional requirements of an animal and nutritional value of feeds.
True
Higher sources of protein are needed for animals in the fattening phase of production.
false
In feeding all livestock, you must remember to use common sense and changes in their diet cannot be made overnight.
True
Water is the most vital of all nutrients.
True
The rumen is like a fermentation vat where beneficial microbes start to break down fibrous feeds.
True
Nutrition influence on growth rate and body size is dependent on:
Animals location on growth curve (old vs. young)
Level of nutrition relative to animals maintenance requirements
Both A and B
Both A and B
When nutrient requirements are not being met (low nutrition) animals exhibit: Below normal muscle and bone growth Mature at a heavier weight Deposit more fat at an earlier age None of the above All of the above
Below normal muscle and bone growth
When nutrient requirements are higher than required for maintenance (excess nutrition) animals exhibit:
Slower than normal growth and development of muscle and bone
excess energy deposited as fat
Continued growth to an older age
None of the above
All of the above
Excess energy deposited as fat
When compared to females and castrated males, intact males:
Grow to heavier and higher weights
Mature faster, thus fatter at the same weights
Are lighter weight at the same age
Grow to heavier and higher weights
In hogs, which sex grows the fastest to the slowest? Boar, barrow, gilt Gilt, boar, barrow Boar, gilt, barrow Barrow, boar, gilt
Boar, gilt, barrow
At equal slaughter weights from LEANEST to FATTEST are following correct?
Beef = bull, heifer, steer
Sheep = ram, ewe, wether
Swine = Boar, gilt, barrow
False
False
True
Puberty is a sign that animals are starting to mature.
True
Larger frame animals are considered “Later maturing” animals
True
Smaller frame animals are considered “early maturing” animals.
true
Later maturing animals remain leaner to heavier weight.
True
Early maturing animals remain leaner to lighter weight
false
Any feed constituent that functions in the support of life is called: Essential minerals Macro minerals Feed stuff Nutrients
Nutrients
Feed is ingested and digested by an animal that provides essential nutrients for: Growth Maintenance Fattening Reproduction All of the above
All of the above
After an animal reaches maturity, which tissue tends to change (+ or -) the most over time?
Amount of fat
Amount of muscle
Amount of bone
Amount of fat
Bone development within a breed is relatively the same for all animals of the same breed and sex.
True
we would like to have animals reach sexual maturity at an early age, regardless of frame and size.
True
Protein is the most essential nutrient.
False
Corn is used to provide energy (CHO) in most livestock diets.
True
Today we try having quality assurance programs throughout the food chain = “Farm to Table”
True
A USDA inspector is required at the meat lab to insure the animal is healthy before and after harvesting
True
The ruminant digestive system has 3 compartments to help digest high fiber feeds.
False
The small intestines are not considered one of the compartments in ruminants, even if it is considered the major area of absorption of nutrients.
True
Age and function have little effect on the amount of nutrients needed by an animal.
False
We must feed animals to meet the total nutritional requirements for a 24 hours period.
True
We assign “grades” to carcasses so we can separate carcass into like groups for purchase marketing.
True
Yield grades in sheep are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 with 5 representing the lean, heavy muscled animals.
False
The quality grades for hogs are - choice, select, cull
False
Most lambs is the US grade choice or better.
True
Majority of hogs in the US grade 1 or 2.
False
Hogs can be graded unacceptable for color of lean tissue.
true
Grading choice is far more important economically in beef than it is in lambs.
True
The digestive system of ruminants is best suited for diets high in ______ unlike the monogastric digestive system.
Forages and other high fiber roughages
Concentrates
Protein
Forages and other high fiber roughages
All classes of animals require six essential nutrients. Select the FALSE answer. Protein and carbohydrates Mineral and vitamins Water and fats (lipids) Amino acids and nitrogen
Amino acids and nitrogen
What foes monogastric mean?
Has one stomach
Has only a small intestine
Has multiple stomachs
Has one stomach
What species of animals has a digestive tract similar to humans?
Cattle
Pigs
Sheep
Pigs
The major source of energy in most livestock and poultry rations is provided by:
Fats
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Which of the following protein sources is more desirable in poultry and swine production. Cottonseed meal Soybean meal Linseed meal Safflower meal Peanut meal
SOybean meal
Horses differ from other monogastrics because they have a structure where deed is fermented called the: Duodenum Esophagus Ruminant Cecum
Cecum
Which has a higher requirement for protein?
A young, growing animal
An old, aging animal
An old aging animal
The reticulum: (Select the FALSE statement)
Traps foreign material
True stomach with secretions
Walls line with membranes - honeycombs in shape
Most forward compartment
True stomach secretions
"Chewing the Cud" includes 4 events-select the most complete answer. Re-chewing Regurgitation Re-swallowing Resalivation All of the above
All of the above
In-breeding provides:
More opportunity for recessive genes to be expressed in the phenotype.
Less opportunity for recessive genes to express themselves in the phenotype
More opportunity for recessive genes to be expressed in the phenotype
In-bred cattle are generally more or less performance oriented than outcross cattle?
More
Less
No effect
Less
An increase in productivity in the crossbred progeny above the average of the parents is called: General interval Selection differential Heritability Hybrid vigor Hybrid genes
Hybrid vigor
The term dressing percentage refers to :
Carcass weight plus hide weight
Carcass weight divided by live weight times 100
Live weight minus carcass weight
Carcass weight divided by live weight times 100
What grade predicts consumer palatability characteristics of meat? Quality grade Yield grade Retail grade Grade and yield
Quality grade
Maturity and ______ determines the consumer palatablity grade of beef.
Percent bone
Fat
Marbling
Marbling
“Marbling” of meat refers to fat that is:
Deposited outside the muscle groups
Dispersed within the muscle
Dispersed within the muscle
The higher quality grades for beef are:
Supreme, choice, select
Prime, choice, good
Prime, choice, select
Prime, Choice, Select
The highest yield grade for beef is:
Y.G. #1
Y.G. #3
Y.G. #5
Y.G. #1
A hog has 1.2 inches of fat and muscular score of 2. What is its US grade?
- 2
- 2
- 8
- 2
- 8
1. 2*4 = 4.8 - 2 = 2.8
A lamb has .25 in of fat and a leg score of 3. What is its estimated yield grade?
- 25
- 9
2.9
.25 +.04 =2.9
The quality grades in lamb are the same as beef except for: Prime Choice Select Good None of the above
Good
