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Biology 1201 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Selection

A

Individuals phenotype

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2
Q

Evolution

A

Population change in allele frequency

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3
Q

Nondisjuction in a parent

A

Their whole genotype is passed on

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4
Q

Misdivision in parent

A

2 copies of one chromosome passed on

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5
Q

G1

A

First Growth - 2n, 2c

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6
Q

S phase

A

DNA replication

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7
Q

G2

A

Second growth - 2n, 4c

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8
Q

Metaphase

A

Condensed chromosomes where you see the karyotype 2n, 4c

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9
Q

In meiosis how many double helix in G1

A

2

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10
Q

In meiosis how many double helix in g2

A

4

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11
Q

Meiosis 1 c/n

A

1n, 2c

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12
Q

Gametes

A

1n, 1c

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13
Q

Allopatric

A

Physical barrier that splits the population

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14
Q

Sympatric

A

Something changes that stops mating between inviduals

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15
Q

Ancestral Trait

A

Before

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16
Q

Derived Trait

A

after

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17
Q

Gene flow

A

movement of individuals or genetic materoial between populations that reduces variation

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18
Q

Genetic drift

A

Change in allele frequencies by chance - bottleneck and founders

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19
Q

Bottleneck

A

change in allele frequency due to sampling of a small population

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20
Q

Founders

A

Change in allele frequency due to a population moving to a new isolated location

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21
Q

Non random mating

A

Not an equal chance of mating because of genotype - allel frequencies do not change - assortative and dissasortative

22
Q

Assortative

A

Mating similar – increases homozygosity

23
Q

Dissasortative

A

Mating dissimilar - increases heterozygosity

24
Q

Sex

A

The fusion of gametes and genetic material that produces a new combination in offspring

25
Q

Obligately sexual

A

EITHER asexual OR sexual

26
Q

Faculative sexual

A

Asexual or sexual (can do both)

27
Q

Parthenogenesis (whale)

A

Females produce offspring without sex - the eggs reamin diploid after meiosis

28
Q

Intersexual

A

between sexes

29
Q

Intrasexual

A

Within one gender

30
Q

Females are normally

A

choosier, higher parental investmenet, few gametes

31
Q

Males are normally

A

Put on displays to get female attention, many gametes, reproduction limited by number of partners

32
Q

Direct benefits of choosy

A

Attractive = good parent, will provide food, protection, land

33
Q

Indirect benefits of choosy

A

Good genes = improve survival and attractivness of offspring

34
Q

Sperm competition

A

fastest sperm gets the egg

35
Q

Scrapers

A

scrape out sperm from previous mate

36
Q

Mating plug

A

Leave a plug to prevent other males from mating

37
Q

Direct control

A

of a females food source, resources

38
Q

Sexual dimorphism

A

distinct difference between genders

39
Q

Sexual monomorphism

A

Both genders equally invest in parental care

40
Q

Morphological species concept

A

Fossils/traits

41
Q

Issues of morphological

A

convergent evolution where 2 species have different origins of the same trait

42
Q

Biological species concept

A

focus on whether or not 2 individuals can mate together this is testable but cannot be used on asexual or extinct

43
Q

Phylogenetic species concept

A

species grouped based on morphological and genetic info

44
Q

Dominant allele is beneficial

A

recessive remains in the population and allele frequency stays the same

45
Q

Dominant allele is negative

A

Recessive becomes fixed and dominant completely vanishes.

46
Q

Recessive is bad

A

It remains in the population but never gets to 0. Dominant goes to 0.6 and heterozygote goes to 0.4

47
Q

Directional selection

A

Shifts towards favourable phenotype and does not increase or decrease variation

48
Q

Disruptive selection

A

favours outliers disturbing the mean. Increased variation in population

49
Q

Stabilizing selection

A

favours mean. Decreased variation in population

50
Q

Absolute fitness

A

amount of offspring produced over an individuals lifetime

Biology 1201 (2 decks)

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