Final Exam

Question 1

Selection

Answer 1

Individuals phenotype

Question 2

Evolution

Answer 2

Population change in allele frequency

Question 3

Nondisjuction in a parent

Answer 3

Their whole genotype is passed on

Question 4

Misdivision in parent

Answer 4

2 copies of one chromosome passed on

Question 5

G1

Answer 5

First Growth - 2n, 2c

Question 6

S phase

Answer 6

DNA replication

Question 7

G2

Answer 7

Second growth - 2n, 4c

Question 8

Metaphase

Answer 8

Condensed chromosomes where you see the karyotype 2n, 4c

Question 9

In meiosis how many double helix in G1

Answer 9

2

Question 10

In meiosis how many double helix in g2

Answer 10

4

Question 11

Meiosis 1 c/n

Answer 11

1n, 2c

Question 12

Gametes

Answer 12

1n, 1c

Question 13

Allopatric

Answer 13

Physical barrier that splits the population

Question 14

Sympatric

Answer 14

Something changes that stops mating between inviduals

Question 15

Ancestral Trait

Answer 15

Before

Question 16

Derived Trait

Answer 16

after

Question 17

Gene flow

Answer 17

movement of individuals or genetic materoial between populations that reduces variation

Question 18

Genetic drift

Answer 18

Change in allele frequencies by chance - bottleneck and founders

Question 19

Bottleneck

Answer 19

change in allele frequency due to sampling of a small population

Question 20

Founders

Answer 20

Change in allele frequency due to a population moving to a new isolated location

Question 21

Non random mating

Answer 21

Not an equal chance of mating because of genotype - allel frequencies do not change - assortative and dissasortative

Question 22

Assortative

Answer 22

Mating similar – increases homozygosity

Question 23

Dissasortative

Answer 23

Mating dissimilar - increases heterozygosity

Question 24

Sex

Answer 24

The fusion of gametes and genetic material that produces a new combination in offspring

Question 25

Obligately sexual

Answer 25

EITHER asexual OR sexual

Question 26

Faculative sexual

Answer 26

Asexual or sexual (can do both)

Question 27

Parthenogenesis (whale)

Answer 27

Females produce offspring without sex - the eggs reamin diploid after meiosis

Question 28

Intersexual

Answer 28

between sexes

Question 29

Intrasexual

Answer 29

Within one gender

Question 30

Females are normally

Answer 30

choosier, higher parental investmenet, few gametes

Question 31

Males are normally

Answer 31

Put on displays to get female attention, many gametes, reproduction limited by number of partners

Question 32

Direct benefits of choosy

Answer 32

Attractive = good parent, will provide food, protection, land

Question 33

Indirect benefits of choosy

Answer 33

Good genes = improve survival and attractivness of offspring

Question 34

Sperm competition

Answer 34

fastest sperm gets the egg

Question 35

Scrapers

Answer 35

scrape out sperm from previous mate

Question 36

Mating plug

Answer 36

Leave a plug to prevent other males from mating

Question 37

Direct control

Answer 37

of a females food source, resources

Question 38

Sexual dimorphism

Answer 38

distinct difference between genders

Question 39

Sexual monomorphism

Answer 39

Both genders equally invest in parental care

Question 40

Morphological species concept

Answer 40

Fossils/traits

Question 41

Issues of morphological

Answer 41

convergent evolution where 2 species have different origins of the same trait

Question 42

Biological species concept

Answer 42

focus on whether or not 2 individuals can mate together this is testable but cannot be used on asexual or extinct

Question 43

Phylogenetic species concept

Answer 43

species grouped based on morphological and genetic info

Question 44

Dominant allele is beneficial

Answer 44

recessive remains in the population and allele frequency stays the same

Question 45

Dominant allele is negative

Answer 45

Recessive becomes fixed and dominant completely vanishes.

Question 46

Recessive is bad

Answer 46

It remains in the population but never gets to 0. Dominant goes to 0.6 and heterozygote goes to 0.4

Question 47

Directional selection

Answer 47

Shifts towards favourable phenotype and does not increase or decrease variation

Question 48

Disruptive selection

Answer 48

favours outliers disturbing the mean. Increased variation in population

Question 49

Stabilizing selection

Answer 49

favours mean. Decreased variation in population

Question 50

Absolute fitness

Answer 50

amount of offspring produced over an individuals lifetime