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Comparative Politics > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

1
Q

Supreme power or authority// authority of a state to govern itself.

A

Sovereignty

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2
Q

to give a political tone or character to//an attempt to politicize the civil service.

A

Politicization

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3
Q

community of citizens linked by common interests and collective activity.

A

Civil Society

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4
Q

are a class of rights that protect individuals freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one’s entitlement to participate in the civil and political life of the society and state without discrimination or repression.

A

Political rights

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5
Q

A body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.

A

Constitution

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6
Q

Elements of identity along which groups boundaries can be constructed. Ex: Religion, language, skin color, rural vs. urban, professional

A

Markers

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7
Q

qualities, beliefs, personality, looks and or expressions that make a person or group// identity politics  tendency for people of a particular religion, race, social background to form exclusive political alliances, moving away from traditional broad base party politics

A

Identity

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8
Q

Legislative body having two chambers.

A

Bicameral

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9
Q

single legislative chamber

A

Unicameral

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10
Q

a political attitude of devotion to and vigorous support for one’s country combined with a feeling of shared community with fellow citizens, especially as contrasted with a similar attitude based on ethnicity, race, or religio

A

Civic Nationalism

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11
Q

a political approach that favours free-market capitalism, deregulation, and reduction in government spending: social and political issues surrounding neoliberalism.

A

Neoliberalism

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12
Q

monetary inflation occurring at a high rate.

A

Hyperinflation

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13
Q

the outcome of the elections is representative of the people.

A

Substantive Democracy

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14
Q

all electoral process is at the core of the authority.

A

Procedural democracy

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15
Q

Those features of the constitution that shape the political system–separation of power and responsibilities. Includes: legislatures, executive, judiciary, bureaucracy

A

Constitutional design

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16
Q

A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.

A

Inflation

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17
Q

A key function of states is the coordination of military action to protect the citizenry against potential foreign threat.

A

Defense

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18
Q

States establish organizations to police their societies internally. Is one of the key mechanisms in which the monopoly on force is maintained.

A

Policing

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19
Q

most states gather considerable information about their territory and about their population. They invest in maps and territorial demarcation, surveys, and census which allows delivering better services.

A

Order/Legibility

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20
Q

The action of making something accessible to everyone.

A

Democratization

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21
Q

Type of governmental system distinct from successive government administrations and from state itself.

A

Regime

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22
Q

the central political institution that exerts a “monopoly” on the legitimate use of physical force within a territory

A

State

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23
Q

Head of Government is indirectly elected & accountable to the legislature. Power is fused with the legislative branch – Head of Government serves only with the continued confidence of the legislature.

A

Parliamentary

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24
Q

Directed elected, serves as chief executive, independent of the legislature, combines head of state and government.

A

Presidential

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25
Q

Some elements are more easily changed than other

A

Stickiness

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26
Q

Executive’s ability to leverage control over its own party.

A

Partisan power

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27
Q

Influence gained through custom, convention. Campaign on behalf of particular candidates.

A

Informal power

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28
Q

a sovereign state of which most of the citizens or subjects are united also by factors which define a nation, such as language or common descent: Nepal emerged as a nation state in the eighteenth century.

A

Nation state

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29
Q

Organizations are this when they have a rational universally applicable system, administered on the basis of rules and by office holders.

A

Bureaucracy

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30
Q

reduction of the general level of prices in an economy.

A

Deflation

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31
Q

Setting a budget based on state revenue

A

Fiscal Policy

32
Q

State policies aimed at impacting the value of the state currency often through central bank

A

Monetary Policy

33
Q

Composite measure to provide a view of development that takes into account not just purely measures of income but well-being such as life expectancy, literacy, access to political and civil freedoms.

A

Human development index

34
Q

Country is divided up into electoral districts – each with one or more legislative seats. Voters select representatives for their specific geographic constituency.

A

District based systems

35
Q

one representative/district. Candidate with the most votes becomes the representative.

A

Single-member districts (SMD

36
Q

more than one representative/district . Allows greater number or parties to be represented

A

Multi-member districts (MMD)

37
Q

the candidate with the most votes (not necessarily a majority) wins

A

First-past-the-post systems

38
Q

Relatively free and fair elections, but governments are not held accountable. Political and civil rights are inconsistently guaranteed.

A

Illiberal democracy

39
Q

Elections held, but they are not sufficiently open to be meaningful

A

Electoral authoritarianism

40
Q

Elections are held, but government id delegated such a high degree of control that political participation is all but strangled.

A

Delegative democracy

41
Q

Allows competition in elections but not enough democratic.

A

competitive authoritarianism

42
Q

The state depends on revenues generated by economic activity that takes place outside the state.

A

Taxation

43
Q

a commodity or service that is provided without profit to all members of a society, either by the government or a private individual or organization.

A

Public good

44
Q

Holding together vs. Coming together. Decentralization has the potential to promote specialization & economic competition/ Increased complexity & debate in policy formation & implementation

A

Federalism

45
Q

o Potential to guarantee same rights/engagement regardless of geographic region. Potential for improved economic & development coordination. Simplification in implementation of policy.

A

Unitarism

46
Q

Smooth and gradual, fits and starts, stalling out all at once. Varies degrees of control by outgoing authoritarian, internal actors and external actors.

A

Transition

47
Q

Institutionalization of democratic norms and processes

A

Consolidation

48
Q

when two or more parties share executive powers & responsibilities in order to govern

A

coalition

49
Q

The act of selecting markers on which to build group boundaries.

A

Politicization of identity

50
Q

Key component of democratic regimes

A

Contestation

51
Q

Reflect a new focus in contemporary society—less on production of material goods and more on the production of knowledge.

A

New social movements

52
Q

measure of the total value of goods & services produced in a territory

A

GDP

53
Q

measure of the total income of citizen’s of a country (both living at home & abroad)

A

GNI

54
Q

measure of adjusting incomes to account for cost of living

A

PPP

55
Q

States that are less likely to be identified with the personalities of their leaders.

A

Impersonality

56
Q

norms, values, beliefs of citizens impact regime type.

A

Political culture

57
Q

Parties emerging from shared interests of a small # of political elites

A

Elite Party

58
Q

Parties emerging from mass mobilization of citizens. Common response to elite parties, exist across the spectrum – from socialist to fascist parties

A

Mass Party

59
Q

o Parties with flexible ideological positions that seek to attract the broadest possible constituent base.

A

Catch All

60
Q

Natural, born into, unchanging

A

Primordial Identity

61
Q

Developed, learnt, created, changeable

A

Instrumental Identity

62
Q

system that imposes regularized rules in a polity, with key criteria including equal rights, the regular enforcements of laws and the relative independence of the judiciary

A

rule of law

63
Q

the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.

A

Civil rights

64
Q
  1. Election of a leader with authoritarian tendency.
  2. Actors within society move against a democratic regime.
  3. Revolution
A

Democratic Breakdown

65
Q

It often sees gradual changes internally over time.

Substitution of a different regime type without democratization.

A

Persistence

66
Q

Different sets of attributions that define a person.

A

Identity

67
Q

The impacts of social movements can have

A

Short v. Long term Goals

68
Q

Law is present but rule of law is not. No single authority could claim to control de legitimate use of force.

A

Modern State

69
Q

political economy approach that calls for the active involvement of the state in the economy and development of a territory

A

State interventionism

70
Q

Set of cultural beliefs and organizations focused on the transcendent.

A

Religion

71
Q

Absence of democracy. o It is favorable to hierarchy and closed concentrated processes of decision making

A

authoritarianism

72
Q

parties other than the dominant one are banned or disallowed

A

Single party system

73
Q

o Multiple parties may exist, but politics are dominated by two significant parties

A

Two party system

74
Q

Some parties may consistently dominate, but often in coalition. Can produce either fragmented (large # of small parties) or concentrated (small # of larger parties)

A

Multi-Party System

75
Q

Generally seek to advocate for particular policy positions or perspectives.

A

Interest Groups

76
Q

Dominant branch. Typically commands the bureaucracy, responsible for government spending and nominal control of the military.

A

Executive branch

77
Q

typically have the responsibility of oversight of the executive branch. May have the power to remove the executive from office

A

Legislative Branch

Comparative Politics (1 decks)

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