final exam

Question 1

Supreme power or authority// authority of a state to govern itself.

Answer 1

Sovereignty

Question 2

to give a political tone or character to//an attempt to politicize the civil service.

Answer 2

Politicization

Question 3

community of citizens linked by common interests and collective activity.

Answer 3

Civil Society

Question 4

are a class of rights that protect individuals freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one’s entitlement to participate in the civil and political life of the society and state without discrimination or repression.

Answer 4

Political rights

Question 5

A body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.

Answer 5

Constitution

Question 6

Elements of identity along which groups boundaries can be constructed. Ex: Religion, language, skin color, rural vs. urban, professional

Answer 6

Markers

Question 7

qualities, beliefs, personality, looks and or expressions that make a person or group// identity politics  tendency for people of a particular religion, race, social background to form exclusive political alliances, moving away from traditional broad base party politics

Answer 7

Identity

Question 8

Legislative body having two chambers.

Answer 8

Bicameral

Question 9

single legislative chamber

Answer 9

Unicameral

Question 10

a political attitude of devotion to and vigorous support for one’s country combined with a feeling of shared community with fellow citizens, especially as contrasted with a similar attitude based on ethnicity, race, or religio

Answer 10

Civic Nationalism

Question 11

a political approach that favours free-market capitalism, deregulation, and reduction in government spending: social and political issues surrounding neoliberalism.

Answer 11

Neoliberalism

Question 12

monetary inflation occurring at a high rate.

Answer 12

Hyperinflation

Question 13

the outcome of the elections is representative of the people.

Answer 13

Substantive Democracy

Question 14

all electoral process is at the core of the authority.

Answer 14

Procedural democracy

Question 15

Those features of the constitution that shape the political system–separation of power and responsibilities. Includes: legislatures, executive, judiciary, bureaucracy

Answer 15

Constitutional design

Question 16

A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.

Answer 16

Inflation

Question 17

A key function of states is the coordination of military action to protect the citizenry against potential foreign threat.

Answer 17

Defense

Question 18

States establish organizations to police their societies internally. Is one of the key mechanisms in which the monopoly on force is maintained.

Answer 18

Policing

Question 19

most states gather considerable information about their territory and about their population. They invest in maps and territorial demarcation, surveys, and census which allows delivering better services.

Answer 19

Order/Legibility

Question 20

The action of making something accessible to everyone.

Answer 20

Democratization

Question 21

Type of governmental system distinct from successive government administrations and from state itself.

Answer 21

Regime

Question 22

the central political institution that exerts a “monopoly” on the legitimate use of physical force within a territory

Answer 22

State

Question 23

Head of Government is indirectly elected & accountable to the legislature. Power is fused with the legislative branch – Head of Government serves only with the continued confidence of the legislature.

Answer 23

Parliamentary

Question 24

Directed elected, serves as chief executive, independent of the legislature, combines head of state and government.

Answer 24

Presidential

Question 25

Some elements are more easily changed than other

Answer 25

Stickiness

Question 26

Executive's ability to leverage control over its own party.

Answer 26

Partisan power

Question 27

Influence gained through custom, convention. Campaign on behalf of particular candidates.

Answer 27

Informal power

Question 28

a sovereign state of which most of the citizens or subjects are united also by factors which define a nation, such as language or common descent: Nepal emerged as a nation state in the eighteenth century.

Answer 28

Nation state

Question 29

Organizations are this when they have a rational universally applicable system, administered on the basis of rules and by office holders.

Answer 29

Bureaucracy

Question 30

reduction of the general level of prices in an economy.

Answer 30

Deflation

Question 31

Setting a budget based on state revenue

Answer 31

Fiscal Policy

Question 32

State policies aimed at impacting the value of the state currency often through central bank

Answer 32

Monetary Policy

Question 33

Composite measure to provide a view of development that takes into account not just purely measures of income but well-being such as life expectancy, literacy, access to political and civil freedoms.

Answer 33

Human development index

Question 34

Country is divided up into electoral districts – each with one or more legislative seats. Voters select representatives for their specific geographic constituency.

Answer 34

District based systems

Question 35

one representative/district. Candidate with the most votes becomes the representative.

Answer 35

Single-member districts (SMD

Question 36

more than one representative/district . Allows greater number or parties to be represented

Answer 36

Multi-member districts (MMD)

Question 37

the candidate with the most votes (not necessarily a majority) wins

Answer 37

First-past-the-post systems

Question 38

Relatively free and fair elections, but governments are not held accountable. Political and civil rights are inconsistently guaranteed.

Answer 38

Illiberal democracy

Question 39

Elections held, but they are not sufficiently open to be meaningful

Answer 39

Electoral authoritarianism

Question 40

Elections are held, but government id delegated such a high degree of control that political participation is all but strangled.

Answer 40

Delegative democracy

Question 41

Allows competition in elections but not enough democratic.

Answer 41

competitive authoritarianism

Question 42

The state depends on revenues generated by economic activity that takes place outside the state.

Answer 42

Taxation

Question 43

a commodity or service that is provided without profit to all members of a society, either by the government or a private individual or organization.

Answer 43

Public good

Question 44

Holding together vs. Coming together. Decentralization has the potential to promote specialization & economic competition/ Increased complexity & debate in policy formation & implementation

Answer 44

Federalism

Question 45

o Potential to guarantee same rights/engagement regardless of geographic region. Potential for improved economic & development coordination. Simplification in implementation of policy.

Answer 45

Unitarism

Question 46

Smooth and gradual, fits and starts, stalling out all at once. Varies degrees of control by outgoing authoritarian, internal actors and external actors.

Answer 46

Transition

Question 47

Institutionalization of democratic norms and processes

Answer 47

Consolidation

Question 48

when two or more parties share executive powers & responsibilities in order to govern

Answer 48

coalition

Question 49

The act of selecting markers on which to build group boundaries.

Answer 49

Politicization of identity

Question 50

Key component of democratic regimes

Answer 50

Contestation

Question 51

Reflect a new focus in contemporary society—less on production of material goods and more on the production of knowledge.

Answer 51

New social movements

Question 52

measure of the total value of goods & services produced in a territory

Answer 52

GDP

Question 53

measure of the total income of citizen’s of a country (both living at home & abroad)

Answer 53

GNI

Question 54

measure of adjusting incomes to account for cost of living

Answer 54

PPP

Question 55

States that are less likely to be identified with the personalities of their leaders.

Answer 55

Impersonality

Question 56

norms, values, beliefs of citizens impact regime type.

Answer 56

Political culture

Question 57

Parties emerging from shared interests of a small # of political elites

Answer 57

Elite Party

Question 58

Parties emerging from mass mobilization of citizens. Common response to elite parties, exist across the spectrum – from socialist to fascist parties

Answer 58

Mass Party

Question 59

o Parties with flexible ideological positions that seek to attract the broadest possible constituent base.

Answer 59

Catch All

Question 60

Natural, born into, unchanging

Answer 60

Primordial Identity

Question 61

Developed, learnt, created, changeable

Answer 61

Instrumental Identity

Question 62

system that imposes regularized rules in a polity, with key criteria including equal rights, the regular enforcements of laws and the relative independence of the judiciary

Answer 62

rule of law

Question 63

the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.

Answer 63

Civil rights

Question 64

1. Election of a leader with authoritarian tendency. 2. Actors within society move against a democratic regime. 3. Revolution

Answer 64

Democratic Breakdown

Question 65

It often sees gradual changes internally over time. | Substitution of a different regime type without democratization.

Answer 65

Persistence

Question 66

Different sets of attributions that define a person.

Answer 66

Identity

Question 67

The impacts of social movements can have

Answer 67

Short v. Long term Goals

Question 68

Law is present but rule of law is not. No single authority could claim to control de legitimate use of force.

Answer 68

Modern State

Question 69

political economy approach that calls for the active involvement of the state in the economy and development of a territory

Answer 69

State interventionism

Question 70

Set of cultural beliefs and organizations focused on the transcendent.

Answer 70

Religion

Question 71

Absence of democracy. o It is favorable to hierarchy and closed concentrated processes of decision making

Answer 71

authoritarianism

Question 72

parties other than the dominant one are banned or disallowed

Answer 72

Single party system

Question 73

o Multiple parties may exist, but politics are dominated by two significant parties

Answer 73

Two party system

Question 74

Some parties may consistently dominate, but often in coalition. Can produce either fragmented (large # of small parties) or concentrated (small # of larger parties)

Answer 74

Multi-Party System

Question 75

Generally seek to advocate for particular policy positions or perspectives.

Answer 75

Interest Groups

Question 76

Dominant branch. Typically commands the bureaucracy, responsible for government spending and nominal control of the military.

Answer 76

Executive branch

Question 77

typically have the responsibility of oversight of the executive branch. May have the power to remove the executive from office

Answer 77

Legislative Branch