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Post Romantic Music History > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Bebop

A

Warrior Culture, style of music that had chamber forces with 3-7 players with fast tempi, intricate melodies, and complex chord changes

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2
Q

Musicians’ Strike 1942-44

A

Strike that was caused by musicians not being able to profit off of their musical performances, while those who owned the recordings of the performances made money

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3
Q

Beatniks

A

Generation of people who like Thelonious Monk. Saw people as fake, world was not right and unfair

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4
Q

La June France

A

Translates to “The Young French”. Bridged the gap between artists and regular people, trying to get new music out there

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5
Q

Rhythmic Modes

A

Isorhythms influenced by Stravinsky and used by Messiaen. Includes the nonretrogradable rhythm which was palindromic, and Hindu jatis

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6
Q

Zero Hour

A

After World War II, germans hit the reset button on their society and culture. Wanted new music with no history attached to it.

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7
Q

The Marshall Plan

A

Big contributor in the United States becoming a super power country. The U.S. offered aid to help rebuild their old enemies

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8
Q

Denazification

A

Trying to get rid of anything that was related to the nazi’s and shunning suspected nazi sympathizers. Henry Cowell interviewed suspected nazi’s

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9
Q

Darmstadt

A

Music school in a resort town. Was created as a result of denzification. Ideals consistent with zero hour

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10
Q

Total Serialism

A

The Application of serial procedures similar to Schoenberg’s twelve-technique to other qualities of music, most notably rhythm, dynamics, timbre, pitch register, and articulation.

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11
Q

“Schoenberg Is Dead”

A

Essay written by Boulez, claiming that Schoenberg should be credited with creating serialism, despite the fact that Schoenberg used it completely wrong in every step. He claimed serialism should abandon all forms related to tonal music

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12
Q

Mode de valeurs et d’intensités

A

“Mode of Values and of Intensities” Piece by Messiaen, modal thinking and his students loved it. 12 tone rows and rhythms are serialized

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13
Q

René Char

A

Serialist poet. Invested in Freudian ideas, such as the unconscious and creativity

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14
Q

Closed Systems

A

Math concept, formulaic and precise. People thought music should exist in closed systems.

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15
Q

“Who Cares If You Listen”

A

Article written by Babbitt. Originally titled “The Composer as Specialist”. Music that isn’t understood should be celebrated as physics is celebrated

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16
Q

Telharmonium

A

A pianist plays from a central piano, and it is transmitted through wires to speakers around the world. You listen through subscription.

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17
Q

“The Futurist Manifesto on Music”

A

Written by Russolo. Said that we should destroy the old instruments and replace them with new instrument families. Out with the old, in with the new, embrace the future

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18
Q

Luigi Russolo

A

Wrote “The Futurist Manifesto on Music”. One of the first noise music experimental composers

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19
Q

Intono Remore

A

The name of experimental instruments created by Russolo, such as gurgalatory, screechatory, exploratory. These instruments were destroyed, as they were in areas that were heavily bombed

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20
Q

Musique Concrète

A

Style of electronic music. Created through natural sounds that are played back as a piece of music.

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21
Q

Pierre Schaeffer

A

Associated with Musique Concrète, main creator, had to learn to make music with no broadcasting ability

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22
Q

Etude de chemnis de fir

A

“Study for the railroad”. Sounds from a railroad were recorded, edited, and then published

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23
Q

North West German Radio

A

Meant for new Germans, not nazis. Helped record pure electronic music, every sound had to be recorded and put together. Very slow, but led to the marshal plan

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24
Q

Karlheinz Stockhausen

A

Composer, started as a ballet pianist, voice of zero hour and total serialism, composed the first synthesizer piece

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25
Q

Gesang der Jünglinge

A

Piece that combined electronic and concrete sounds. Showed that the limits of the synthesizer could be complimented

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26
Q

Cartridge Music

A

By John Cage, rubbed and stroked “the world” on the cartridge.

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27
Q

Merce Cunningham

A

John Cage’s significant other, dancer and expert choreographer, framed everyday actions as dance

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28
Q

Four Constructions

A

Written by Cage for use by Merce Cunningham’s dance troupe. There were 2 constructions in metal, and one in wood. First use of prepared piano

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29
Q

Christian Wolff

A

American composer, cage’s only student. His parents helped publish I Ching. Came up with game theory

30
Q

I Ching

A

Ancient Chinese book that Wolff gave to cage. Chaos can lead to creativity

31
Q

Imaginary Landscape

A

Piece for radios, 2 performers turned the radio volume up and down

32
Q

Happenings

A

Invented by Yoko Ono, EVERYTHING that happens is the art

33
Q

For 1, 2, or 3 People

A

Piece by Wolff that uses game theory. Cues given by the audience lead to different options for things to play. The piece is over when the performer(s) have run out of options

34
Q

Earle Brown

A

Composer, studied at New York School, Created graphic scores.

35
Q

Folio

A

Piece with lines and rectangles that represents parts of the piano. The performer decides what the lines mean.

36
Q

Mark Rothko

A

Painter, abstract expressionist, painted squares, survived the holocaust

37
Q

Abstract Expressionism

A

Art movement that left emotion to the painter. Influence by spontaneity

38
Q

Fluxus

A

Art movement, artists from all backgrounds. Emphasized the artistic process

39
Q

George Maciunas

A

Coined the term fluxus

40
Q

“First Fluxus Manifesto”

A

Create art that ended societies current relationship with art. Didn’t like peoples relationship with high art

41
Q

SOURCE

A

American Magazine, spiral bound collections of scores and records and other musical things. Talked about radical Avant-garde art. Discontinued because of costs.

42
Q

Mark Reiner

A

American composer, member of source magazine, talked about how to make device with polyethylene strips by setting them on fire with a tray of water under it. The sounds of the ashes hitting the water was the music.

43
Q

Nelson Howe

A

New York Composer, member of source, created Fur Music

44
Q

Annson Kenney

A

Editor and Composer for Source. Composer of “I have a gun” that involved muttering those words. Wild man who is hard to understand

45
Q

Chris Burden

A

Avant-Garde composer known for self destructive music. Shot himself in the hand and screamed was an aria.

46
Q

San Francisco Tape Music Center

A

Directed by oliveros, didn’t like synthesizer music, worked to make a piece of choral music that achieves the same effects of electronic music

47
Q

Sound Patterns

A

Written by Oliveros for capella chorus. Showed that the human voice could make the same sounds as synthesizers. Child-like sounds with your mouth

48
Q

Deep Listening

A

Organization fostered by Oliveros. Listening workshops used to help us listen to each other better and enhance music making.

49
Q

Texture Music

A

Texture and timbre are the principle elements. Includes tone clusters, aleatoric performance strategies, and extended techniques. Started in Eastern Europe.

50
Q

Volumina

A

Piece for solo organ by Ligeti. All the stops and keys were pressed to create a massive sound. Meant to emphasize texture over pitch

51
Q

Aventures

A

Piece for string instruments, highly emotional while the content isn’t clear. Precision is required

52
Q

Additive Process

A

Keep doing the same thing, but frequently add on. For example, play a C on quarter notes, don’t stop doing that, but then add an E on the and beat. Keep doing that, and add more.

53
Q

Phase Process

A

Things start together and eventually split

54
Q

La Monte Young

A

Born and raised in Idaho, bebop saxophonist. Liked drones and long works

55
Q

Second Dream of China

A

Piece by La Monte Young. Dictated, infrequent breaths.

56
Q

Come Out

A

Piece by Steve Reich. Followed the shooting of an unarmed black man, meant to lose sense of what the man is saying. Used the audio recordings of (i think) testimony.

57
Q

Tape loops

A

Put the ends of tape together to create a loop, record something that will create a loop

58
Q

“Music as a Gradual Process”

A

Essay written by Reich. New kind of modernism. Music should unfold gradually as it comes to the audience

59
Q

Robert Wilson

A

Child autism doctor turned stage director. Serialism connected to people who had never spoken/connected to anyone

60
Q

Sequenzas

A

Pieces by berio, experiments with wild extended techniques, only accompanied by oboe who plays A440

61
Q

Cathy Berberian

A

Wife of Berio, wrote the soprano piece for sequenzas, advocated for extended technique

62
Q

Peter Maxwell Davies

A

English composer, layered 100 versions of Latin text to create “8 songs for a mad kind”

63
Q

George Rochberg

A

Wrote multi-gestural, provided set of variations on pachelbels canon

64
Q

Multi-gestural Music

A

Used a variety of styles from the past. Pioneered by Rochberg. Each variation offered a more recent style from the baroque to early modernism

65
Q

Post-Modernism

A

Started with architecture, said play over purpose, or form over function

66
Q

Bauhaus

A

School of design in Germany where modernism was originally centered. Very functional designs, like the skyscraper

67
Q

Charles Moore

A

First person to be called a post-modernist. Believed in form over function, play over purpose

68
Q

Alice Goodman

A

Post modernist playwright and poet who wrote the libretto for Nixon in china. Understood the nature of opera

69
Q

John Zorn

A

Had no music education except for what he picked up off records.

70
Q

Cobra

A

Post-modernist game piece by Zorn with no score. Named after the villain from G.I. Joe. Musicians come to stage, declare themselves as the leader, and point at a musician to improvise.

71
Q

Forbidden Fruit

A

Composition by Zorn, string quartet.

Post Romantic Music History (1 decks)

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