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Neuroanatomy 3200 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

How many cervical nerves/vertebra are there?

A

8/7

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2
Q

How many thoracic nerves/vertebra are there?

A

12/12

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3
Q

How many lumbar nerves/vertebra are there?

A

5/5

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4
Q

How many sacral nerves/vertebra are there?

A

5/5 (fused together)

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5
Q

How many coccygeal nerves/vertebra are there?

A

1/4

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6
Q

Define conus medullaris

A

Term for end of spinal cord

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7
Q

Define Cauda equina

A

Horse tail-like nerves below cauda equina

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8
Q

Level of the end of the spinal cord

A

L1 or L2 vertebra

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9
Q

Filum terminale function

A

Anchors end of spinal cord to proper to the coccyx

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10
Q

Level of the end of the dural sac

A

S2

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11
Q

Location of lumbar cistern

A

Between L2 and S1

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12
Q

Why perform spinal taps at the lumbar cistern?

A

Because the is no more spinal cord within the subarachnoid space.

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13
Q

When does brainstem become spinal cord?

A

Beyond the foramen magnum.

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14
Q

Type of information carried by the dorsal rami

A

Sensory and Motor

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15
Q

Type of information carried by the ventral rami

A

Sensory and Motor

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16
Q

Type of information carried by the dorsal root

A

Sensory

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17
Q

Type of information carried by the ventral root

A

Motor

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18
Q

Location of 1st order neuron cell bodies

A

Dorsal root ganglia

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19
Q

Define efferent

A

Information leaving

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20
Q

Define afferent

A

Information arriving

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21
Q

1st order neuron type (cell shape)

A

Pseudounipolar

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22
Q

Where do the first order neurons of the dorsal column synapse?

A

Nucleus gracillis/cuneatus

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23
Q

What spinal cord structure contains the cell bodies of the sympathetic nerves?

A

Lateral horns

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24
Q

What ascending tract carries the sensation of pain?

A

Lateral spinothalamic tract

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25
Q

Function of impulses transmitted in the tectospinal tract

A

Allow for movement of the neck to allow eyes to follow a moving object

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26
Q

The CSF in the central canal of the spinal cord is…

A

hardly circulating

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27
Q

Function of cervical/lumbar enlargements

A

Supply arms/legs with motor and sensory innervation

28
Q

Location of cervical enlargement

A

C4 - T1

29
Q

Location of lumbar enlargement

A

L2 - S3

30
Q

Where do the dorsal rootlets enter the spinal cord?

A

Posterolateral sulcus

31
Q

Where do the ventral rootlets emerge from the spinal cord?

A

Anterolateral sulcus

32
Q

Fibres in the cuneate fasciculus come from which levels

A

Above T6 vertebrae

33
Q

Fibres in the gracile fasciculus come from which levels.

A

Below T6 vertebrae

34
Q

Functions of the hippocampus

A
  1. Formation and consolidation of declarative memory
  2. Spatial orientation, navigation, and memory
  3. Pattern completion/recognition
  4. Cognitive/behavioural flexibility
  5. Emotional responses
  6. Stress responses
35
Q

Amygdala functions

A
  1. Autonomic and endocrine responses to fear
  2. Fear conditioning and fear memory
  3. Emotional value of events/facts
  4. Arousal
  5. Aggression
  6. Sexual orientation
  7. Social interaction
36
Q

Define ascending reticular activating system

A

Axons sent from reticular formation to cerebral cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus.

37
Q

Ascending reticular activating system function

A

wakefullness and consciousness

38
Q

Reticulospinal tract functions

A

controls posture, and axial and proximal muscles

39
Q

Components of the central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

40
Q

Components of the peripheral nervous system

A

Ganglia, sensory receptors, nerves, motor endings

41
Q

Neurotransmitter for somatic muscle contraction

A

Acetylcholine

42
Q

Neurotransmitter for autonomic ganglia

A

Acetylcholine

43
Q

Neurotransmitter for autonomic innervation

A

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine

44
Q

Location of pre-ganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies

A

CNIII, CNVII, CNIX, CNX, S2, S3, S4

45
Q

Location of post-ganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies

A

In ganglia near target organs

46
Q

Parasympathetic neurotransmitter

A

Acetylcholine

47
Q

Oculomotor n. (CNIII ) parasympathetic innervation

A

Smooth muscle in eye

48
Q

Facial n. (CNVII) parasympathetic innervation

A

Lacrimal gland, submandibular and lingual glands

49
Q

Glossopharyngeal n. (CNIX) parasympathetic innervation

A

Nasal mucosa and parotid gland

50
Q

Vagus n. (CNX) parasympathetic innervation

A

Heart, lungs, liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, large intestine, small intestine

51
Q

Ganglia innervated by oculomotor n. (CNIII)

A

ciliary G

52
Q

Ganglia innervated by facial n. (CNVII)

A

Pterygopalatine G and Submandibular G

53
Q

Ganglia innervated by glossopharyngeal n. (CNIX)

A

Otic G

54
Q

S2 - S4 parasympathetic innervation

A

Rectum, urinary bladder, genitalia, uterus

55
Q

Location of pre-ganglionic sympathetic cell bodies

A

T1 - L2 lateral horns

56
Q

Location of post-ganglionic sympathetic cell bodies

A

sympathetic trunk ganglia, collateral ganglia, adrenal gland

57
Q

Pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurotransmitters

A

Acetylcholine

58
Q

Post-ganglionic sympathetic neurotransmitters

A

Norepinephrine (and a little acetylcholine)

59
Q

Sympathetic effector organs that are innervated with acetylcholine

A

Sweat glands and blood vessels of skeletal muscles

60
Q

Structures innervated by sympathetic division ONLY

A

sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, smooth muscle of blood vessels, and adrenal gland

61
Q

3 features of sympathetic trunk ganglia

A

Paravertebral, paired, segmented

62
Q

2 features of collateral ganglia

A

prevertebral, unpaired

63
Q

Structure sympathetic signal passes through to get from spinal nerve to sympathetic trunk

A

white rami communicantes

64
Q

Structure sympathetic signal passes through to get from sympathetic trunk to spinal nerve

A

grey rami communicantes

65
Q

Explanation for referred pain

A

Visceral sensory signals combined with somatic sensory fibers

Neuroanatomy 3200 (2 decks)

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