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Configuring Advanced Windows Server > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What components are made redundant within a system and how?

A

Disks: RAID and hot spares
Power Supplies: Redundant power supplies
Network Cards: Redundant network cards

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2
Q

Downtime

A

Periods when a system is unavailable

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3
Q

Availability

A

Percentage of uptime in a given year

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4
Q

Cluster

A

A group of linked computers that work together as one computer, and can provide fault tolerance/load-balancing.

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5
Q

Network Load Balancing

A

Transparently distributes traffic across multiple servers by using virtual IP addresses and a shared name. Gain fault tolerance and enhanced performance. Often used with mission-critical web servers.

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6
Q

Nodes

A

Servers that are part of a cluster.

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7
Q

What kind of feature is NLB?

A

A scalable, high availability feature found in WServer2012 and WServer2012R2.

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8
Q

How many nodes in an NLB Cluster?

A

2 - 32 nodes

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9
Q

NLB Heartbeats

A

Packets transmitted every second between NLB cluster nodes to detect failure of cluster nodes. If 5 are missed the node is automatically removed from the NLB cluster.

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10
Q

Convergence

A

When a node is added/removed from a cluster, the cluster determines the current configuration by building a membership of nodes and mapping client requests based on available nodes. Can only occur if each node is configured with same port rules.

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11
Q

What is the max latency for convergence?

A

250 milliseconds

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12
Q

Affinity

A

Determines how the servers in NLB are going to balance the load. Used when using multiple hosts filter mode (port rules).

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13
Q

What are the port rule filter modes?

A

Multiple Hosts, Single Host, Disable

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14
Q

Multiple Hosts (filter mode)

A

Permits all cluster hosts to actively respond to client requests. Increases availability and scalability.

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15
Q

Single Host (filter mode)

A

Allows only one cluster host (highest priority) in the cluster to actively respond to client requests. Next highest takes over if failure occurs. Increases availability but not scalability.

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16
Q

Disable (filter mode)

A

Prevents cluster from responding to a specific type of client traffic.

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17
Q

What are the three Affinity options?

A

None, Single, Class C

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18
Q

None (Affinity)

A

Any cluster node responds to any client request, even after interruption.

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19
Q

Single (Affinity)

A

A single cluster node handles all requests from a single client.

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20
Q

Class C (Affinity)

A

A single node responds to all requests from a class C network (255.255.255.0 subnet).

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21
Q

Drainstop

A

Blocks all new connections without terminating existing sessions.

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22
Q

Failover Cluster

A

A set of servers that work together to increase the availability of services and applications and are connected through a network connection by software.

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23
Q

Active-Passive Failover

A

Most common failover. Both servers are configured to work as one, but one at a time. Provides high availability but not scalability unless implementing file shares on CSVs.

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24
Q

Active-Active Failover

A

Designed to provide fault-tolerance and load-balancing. Network services are split in two. Both nodes are active.

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25
Q

Failover Clustering

A

When a cluster is created, you assign network resources that can be enabled/disabled when the node is active/inactive. Every cluster has a cluster virtual server which includes network name and an assigned IP address.

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26
Q

Clustered Services

A

Services or applications that are made highly available by installing them on a failover cluster.

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27
Q

Cluster Resource

A

The most basic and smallest configurable unit that may provide a service to clients or is an important component that makes up the cluster.

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28
Q

Dependent Resource

A

A resource that depends on or is required by another resource to operate.

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29
Q

What components does a failover cluster consist of?

A

Nodes, Network, Cluster storage, Clients, Cluster service.

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30
Q

Cluster Storage

A

Storage system that is shared between cluster nodes and usually connects using fibre channel or iSCSI.

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31
Q

Private Network

A

Used by cluster nodes to communicate.

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32
Q

Public Network

A

Used by clients to access the cluster and its shared resources.

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33
Q

Public-and-Private Network

A

Used to communicate with external storage systems.

34
Q

Failover Heartbeats

A

Keeps nodes aware of the status of other nodes. Is transmitted using UDP port 3343 unicast.

35
Q

Fabric

A

A dedicated network used by Fibre Channel for communication between cluster and shared storage.

36
Q

Microsoft Failover Cluster Virtual Adapter

A

Virtual adapter used by WServer2012R2 Failover Cluster to communicate between nodes in the cluster. Used as an alternative network if the private network/connection fails.

37
Q

Shared Serial Attached SCSI (SAS)

A

A low-cost option that requires the cluster nodes to be physically close to the drives. Typically has a limited number of connections for cluster nodes.

38
Q

Internet SCSI (iSCSI)

A

A type of SAN that transmits SCSI commands over an IP network. Can be connected to WServer using iSCSI Initiator.

39
Q

Fibre Channel

A

A form of SAN that is based on fibre optics, typically offers better performance than iSCSI but is more expensive as it requires specialized equipment.

40
Q

Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE)

A

A form of SAN that uses fibre channel protocol using 10 Gbit ethernet networks or higher on a converged network.

41
Q

SAN

A

Storage Area Network

42
Q

Cluster Shared Volume (CSV)

A

Allows multiple nodes to share a single LUN concurrently.

43
Q

LUN

A

Logical Unit Number

44
Q

RDMA

A

Remote Direct Memory Access

45
Q

What are the four possible Quorum configurations?

A

Node Majority, Node and Disk Majority, Node and File Share Majority, No Majority (Disk Only)

46
Q

Quorum

A

Used with a failover cluster to determine the number of failures that the cluster can sustain. If a quorum is not reached, the cluster will stop running.

47
Q

Node Majority

A

Recommended for clusters with an odd number of nodes. Can sustain failures of half the nodes (rounding up) minus one.

48
Q

Node and Disk Majority

A

Recommended for clusters with an even number of nodes. Can sustain failures of half the nodes (rounding up) if the disk witness remains online.

49
Q

Node and File Share Majority

A

Used for clusters with special configurations. Instead of disk witness, uses a file share witness.

50
Q

No Majority (Disk Only)

A

Allows cluster to function as long as one node is available and disks are online. Not recommended because disk might be single point of failure.

51
Q

Disk Witness

A

Must be at least 512 MB, dedicated for cluster use and not assigned to a clustered role. Cannot be a CSV.

52
Q

Storage Spaces

A

Virtual disks created from available capacity of storage pools. Can provide resiliency and scalability.

53
Q

Active Directory-Detached Cluster

A

Allows deployment of a failover cluster without dependencies in ADDS for network names.

54
Q

Cluster-Aware Updating (CAU)

A

Lets administrators update cluster nodes automatically, with little or no downtime, particularly if using Hyper-V with live migration.

55
Q

Non-Authoritative Restore

A

Restore the information that was performed when originally backed up but is overwritten by current information stored on other cluster nodes.

56
Q

Authoritative Restore

A

Restores the information that was performed when originally backed up but is marked as the current and authoritative configuration which overwrites the configuration on other nodes.

57
Q

What are the two types of Clustered Roles?

A

Cluster-aware, Generic

58
Q

Live Migration

A

The process of moving an entire VM or parts of a VM to another physical server without a cluster.

59
Q

Quick Migration

A

The process of moving an entire VM or parts of a VM to another physical server using a cluster.

60
Q

Storage Migration

A

The process of moving the storage of a VM from one physical server to another without a cluster.

61
Q

Credential Security Support Provider (CredSSP)

A

Enables secure delegation of a user’s credentials from a client to a target server.

62
Q

P2V

A

Physical-Virtual migration. Converting physical machine to VM.

63
Q

V2V

A

Virtual-Virtual migration. Converting VM to different file format.

64
Q

SCVMM

A

Microsoft System Center 2012 R2 Virtual Machine Manager

65
Q

Open Virtualization Format

A

Open standard for packaging and distributing virtual machines.

66
Q

Network File System (NFS)

A

A distributed file system protocol that is used to access files over a network, similar to SMB.

67
Q

NFS Data Store

A

The shared folder within a cluster when deploying NFS while providing fault tolerance.

68
Q

BranchCache

A

Improves the performance of applications by reducing network use on WAN connections between branch office and central office by locally caching frequently used files on branch office computers.

69
Q

Hosted Cache Mode

A

Uses one or more dedicated servers to host the cache.

70
Q

Distributed Cache Mode

A

Instead of centralized cache, cache is distributed among the local W7 or 8/8.1 clients at local site.

71
Q

File Classification

A

Allows configuring of automatic procedures for defining a desired property on a file based on conditions specified in classification rules.

72
Q

Authentication

A

Used to provide the identity of a user.

73
Q

Authorization

A

Gives access to the user who was authenticated.

74
Q

Auditing

A

Maintains a record of the users who have logged in, what was accessed/attempted access, and what actions were performed.

75
Q

Dynamic Access Control (DAC)

A

Used for access management. Provides automatic mechanism to secure and control access to resources.

76
Q

Three tools for backing up and restoring data/servers?

A

Windows Server Backup, wbadmin, Windows Powershell

77
Q

What are the different Backup configuration options?

A

Full server, Custom: Bare Metal Recovery, System State, System Reserved, Local Disk (x:)

78
Q

Two options for restoring data?

A

Access the share and restore previous version or Use windows Server Backup to restore data.

79
Q

How to restore a system volume?

A

Use Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE) and Windows installation media.

80
Q

Boot Configuration Data store

A

Contains information that controls how the server boots.

81
Q

Hyper-V Replica consists of what components?

A

Replication engine, Change tracking, Network Module, HV Replica Broker server role

Configuring Advanced Windows Server (2 decks)

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