Final Exam Flashcards
According to research, an adult-child ratio in which there is a large number of
children in the care of a single adult may cause the following result:
a) No discernable difference from a ratio where there are fewer children per adult
b) A lot of passive-aggressive children
c) The caregiver behaving more restrictive and harsh
d) A higher cost of care
c) the caregiver behaving more restrictive and harsh
According to the textbook, if a parent considering a specific child care centre
observes in a playroom and sees that children are getting along cooperatively with
each other and their teachers, the parent is looking at an indicator of:
a) Structural quality
b) The program philosophy
c) Process quality
d) None of the above
c) Process quality
The Access to Universal EC rationale of Social Justice is best described as:
a) All children have the right to education
b) There should be public investments in young children
c) An equality of opportunity, level playing field
d) All of the above
c) an equality of opportunity, level playing field
In Brofenbrenner’s ecological model, the social structures which influence the early childhood setting are the: a) Microsystem b) Macrosystem c) Mesosystem d) Exosystem
d) Exosystem
The four foundations of How Does Learning Happen? Ontario’s Pedagogy for the
Early Years are:
a) Communication, Belonging, Well-being, Encouragement
b) Expression, Well-being, Belonging, Engagement
c) Communication, Self-Regulation, Inclusion, Engagement
d) Expression, Well-being, Inclusion, Engagement
b) Expression, Well-being, Belonging, Engagement
How Does Learning Happen? Ontario’s Pedagogy for the Early Years outlines all of
the following EXCEPT:
a) Goals for children
b) Continuum of development
c) Expectations for programs
d) Questions for educators and administrators to reflect on
b) Continuum of development
According to How Does Learning Happen? Ontario’s Pedagogy for the Early Years what is the “third teacher”: a) The child’s family b) The child’s peers c) The learning environment d) The child’s educators
c) the learning environment
A philosophy statement should:
a) Assist parents to make informed choices about care for their child
b) Provide the basis for the initial decision in choosing a program
c) Match the parents needs and values
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Which of the following is NOT an Early Childhood Program Evaluation tool:
a) Early Learning Scale (ELS)
b) Supportive Environmental Quality Underlying Adult Learning (SEQUAL)
c) Early Childhood Work Environment Survey (ECWES)
d) Preschool Program Quality Assessment Instrument (PQA)
a) Early Learning Scale (ELS)
An evaluation plan should be designed:
a) As soon as the early childhood program is planned
b) Whenever a funder requests it
c) After the program has been operating for enough time to give adequate
information
d) Whenever required in the bylaws
a) As soon as the early childhood program is planned
Licensing typically requires staff: child ratios. This refers to:
a) The number of children that each staff can care for in a day
b) The number of children who can be assigned to a caregiver at one time
c) The number of staff needed to work in a program
d) The number of children who can be enrolled
b) The number of children who can be assigned to a caregiver at one time
_________ outlines how the federal and provincial governments will work together.
a) Social Union Framework Agreement
b) Canada Assistance Plan
c) Canadian Health and Social Transfer
d) Early Childhood Development Agreement
a) Social Union Framework Agreement
Based on your experiences with reviewing regional operating criteria, they
a) Score child care programmes on similar categories
b) Have the same scoring procedures
c) Have differing levels of detail
d) Prioritize different aspects of early learning and care
a) Score child care programmes on similar categories
According to the Child Care and Early Years Act, the staff/child ratio for infants, toddlers and preschoolers is: a) 1 to 3, 1 to 6 and 1 to 8 b) 1 to 3, 1 to 5 and 1 to 11 c) 1 to 3, 1 to 5 and 1 to 8 d) 1 to 2, 1 to 6 and 1 to 8
c) 1 to 3, 1 to 5 and 1 to 8
According to the Child Care and Early Years Act, which of is the following is NOT a
criteria to keep in mind when selecting play materials and furnishing?
a) Allow children to make choices and to encourage exploration, play and inquiry
b) Safety and cleanliness
c) Be comfortable for adults to sit on
d) Allow for regular rotation
c) Be comfortable for adults to sit on
According to the Child Care and Early Years Act, a parent handbook should include all of the following EXCEPT: a) Fees for services b) Specialized services offered c) A copy of the program statement d) Age ranged served
b) Specialized services offered
A leader is one who:
a) Makes decisions to change direction
b) Communicates the vision and challenges the status quo
c) Delivers existing services
d) Maintains relationships
b) Communicates the vision and challenges the status quo
In the first stage of director development, a director may benefit most from
a) Joining a network of other directors that meets regularly
b) Conducting workshops
c) Acquiring information to strengthen their awareness of communication styles
and personality differences
d) Attending workshops and conferences on specific topics related to
administration
a) Joining a network of other directors that meets regularly
Leaders who have the ability to translate vision into a reality that embodies ideals
and can transmit those ideals to practice is operating in the
a) Macrosystem
b) Exosystem
c) Mesosystem
d) Microsystem
a) Macrosystem
The board of directors of a program is:
a) Responsible for the day to day operation of a program
b) Responsible for all financial transactions
c) A procedure making body
d) A policy making body
d) A policy making body
The term auspice is used to describe:
a) The type of organization structure under which the child care programme
operates
b) The relationship between the organization and the Ministry
c) The voluntary Board of Directors who set policies and articulate philosophies of
education and care
d) The type of premises that the programme operates in
a) The type of organization structure under which the child care programme
operates
Collaboration:
a) Is when staff are friendly and trust one another
b) Is creating relationships in which influence is mutually shared.
c) Describes other adults working in the setting
d) All of the above
b) Is creating relationships in which influence is mutually shared.
According to the Social Systems’ Perspective, the process component of a system is:
a) Seen as the psycho-social subsystem made up of individuals & groups.
b) Supporting framework that holds the program together
c) The behaviours & interactions that occur at individual & group level
d) Describes the shared beliefs & orientations that emerge to unite members of
the group
c) The behaviours & interactions that occur at individual & group level
A job description:
a) Carries the weight of a legal document
b) Outlines the duties and responsibilities for each staff position
c) Is a measurement tool
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
A recommended practice when initially advertising a position within a program is:
a) Make the position available to the general public first
b) Post internally
c) Approach field placement students
d) All of the above
b) Post internally
Men who have worked in the field of early childhood report they have left because:
a) Of subtle prejudice from parents, coworkers and directors
b) Other’s concerns about child sexual abuse
c) Poor pay
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
The stage in development when the educator is coming to terms with themselves and the profession, is called: a) Survival b) Consolidation c) Renewal d) Maturity
d) Maturity
To be recognized as a profession, the following must be in place:
a) Standards of practice, a license and a code of ethics
b) Professional development opportunities and a career ladder
c) Standards of practice, a process to discipline a professional and a code of ethics
d) Accreditation of a program and occupational standards
c) Standards of practice, a process to discipline a professional and a code of ethics
A mentor:
a) Is responsible for the operation of a program
b) Is directly accountable to the board of directors or owner
c) Supports less experienced staff to acquire skills and knowledge
d) All of the above
c) Supports less experienced staff to acquire skills and knowledge
When developing a disaster plan for an ECE program, the director is responsible for:
a) Checking the appropriate emergency supplies
b) Instructing all staff on building evacuation procedures
c) Informing parents about the location of evacuation shelters
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
According to the textbook, which of the following is NOT a characteristic necessary
for policies to be effective:
a) Congruent - consistent with the program philosophy and not contradictory of
other policies
b) Communicated – parents, staff and students must be aware of policies
c) Sensitive in tone – nonjudgmental and convey respect for families
d) Detailed – policies must be written in extensive detail to provide explanations for
all scenarios and questions
d) Detailed – policies must be written in extensive detail to provide explanations for
all scenarios and questions
Children’s health records should include:
a) Immunization records
b) Health history
c) Physician’s statements concerning the child’s ability to participate in the
program
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Fiscal planning should begin with the:
a) Board of directors
b) Funding agency requirements
c) Director
d) Budget
a) Board of directors
A director is looking to purchase new playground equipment for his existing child
care centre. Which type of budget should he make?
a) Start-up budget
b) Capital budget
c) Operating budget
d) Variable budget
b) Capital budget
According to the two “rules of thumb” described in the course content, which of the
following scenarios would be most likely to have the HIGHEST cost per child per year:
a) An Early Childhood Educator working with infants and earning $41,000 annually
b) A caregiver of preschoolers earning $26,500 annually
c) An educator working in a preschool program earning $32,000 annually
d) An Early Childhood Educator earning $50,000 annually while working in a school
age program
a) An Early Childhood Educator working with infants and earning $41,000 annually
Advocacy is:
a) Not appropriate for early childhood practitioners
b) The act of defending or stating a cause for yourself or another
c) Opposed to high quality early childhood programs
d) Something that only radicals take part in
b) The act of defending or stating a cause for yourself or another
In order to make real improvements to the current situation, government policy
options must address:
a) Quality issues
b) Quality, compensation and accessibility issues
c) Compensation issues
d) Accessibility issues
b) Quality, compensation and accessibility issues
Early childhood practitioners should take part in:
a) Personal advocacy
b) Public advocacy
c) Informational advocacy
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
What is the rule of thumb formula?
(Salary of Educator × 2) / Ratio of Children per Staff = Cost/Child/Year
Brofenbrenneur’s Ecosystem:
Microsystem:
Practices and interactions
Brofenbrenneur’s Ecosystem:
Mesosystem:
Collaboration between parents and practitioners
Brofenbrenneur’s Ecosystem:
Exosystem:
Organized structures and policies, community
Brofenbrenneur’s Ecosystem:
Macrosystem:
Cultural values and laws
Social Systems Model:
Find more info (pg 99)
What is the iron triangle made up of?
- Full enrolment
- Full fee collection
- Revenues cover per-child cost
What are the three critical elements of quality?
- The adult:child ratio
- The group size
- The staff’s professional education in child development.
What are several factors that contribute to effective EC programs?
- Structural quality
- Buildings
- Space
- The adult:child ratio
- The group size
- The staff’s professional education in child development.
- Contributions from the family.
What are some factors that would describe early learning and care in Ontario?
- Positive, responsive relationships with children and their families
- Value children as individuals and active contributors with their own interest and points of view
- Holistically support development
- Effective policies, appropriate and sustained funding
- Knowledgeable and committed leaders and educators
- Evidence-informed, age-appropriate programs and practices
Explain at least two rationales for EC programs:
- Children’s earliest experiences have substantial and long-lasting effects on their development
- Allows parents to work outside of the home
- Recognizes every child’s right to care, development and education
- Ensures that every child has equal opportunities as a prerequisite for social justice
When interviewing potential RECE’s, identify and explain the top 3 qualifications that you are looking for:
- ECE Diploma
- Current registration with the College of ECE
- Knowledgeable: understands current teaching strategies and match them to children’s learning, needs, and developmental levels
- Reflective- Being a reflective educator is a foundational quality of an EC professional
- Communication skills: need to be able to effectively communicate with a wide variety of people
What are three questions that you would ask in an interview and what are the responses you would be expecting from the ideal candidate. (1/3)
Question 1: What is your personal philosophy statement?
Response 1: In line with the programs philosophy; it is very important that educators philosophies line up with the philosophies of the centres. It is important that there is consistency in the operations and behaviours of educators throughout the centre.
What are three questions that you would ask in an interview and what are the responses you would be expecting from the ideal candidate. (2/3)
Question 2: Tell me about a time that you had a problem in the workplace.
Response 2: Resilience, communication skills, problem solving skills, teamwork, patience how they dealt with this issue.
What are three questions that you would ask in an interview and what are the responses you would be expecting from the ideal candidate. (3/3)
Question 3: “Tell me about a time when you had many things to do and you kept getting interrupted. How did you decide what to do and how did you manage your time to get everything done?”
Response: Looking for evidence of patient, time management skills, ability to ask for assistance, communication skills, knowing priorities (children come first), setting reasonable goals, knowing when if a good time to get things done, ability to focus.
What are the two key considerations when planning a budget?
- The budget should reflect the overall vision of the EC program
- The key decision makers of the program need to be involved at each step of the budgeting process.
Describe the process of preparing a budget for an early learning and care program: Step One
- Make a wish list:
- review wanted accomplishments for year
- think systematically about program’s mission/activities
- what would you envision if money was not an issue?
Describe the process of preparing a budget for an early learning and care program: Step Two
- Project expenditures:
- Add cost to wish list items
- Fixed costs/variable costs/semi-variable costs
Describe the process of preparing a budget for an early learning and care program: Step Three
- Project Revenue:
- enrolment, fees, # of staff, salaries
- revenue comes from: parent fees, subsidies, government, grants, spec ed resources
Describe the process of preparing a budget for an early learning and care program: Step Four
- Compare: (read it and weep)
- often too much expense, not enough income
- only fund what can be afforded
Describe the process of preparing a budget for an early learning and care program: Step Five
- Set Priorities:
- Linked to philosophy, decide what is best
Describe the process of preparing a budget for an early learning and care program: Step Six
- Balancing Budget:
- if expenses exceed income, budget is not balanced
Describe the process of preparing a budget for an early learning and care program: Step Seven
- Getting Budget Approval:
- Small: owner reviews
- Large: corporate office
- Non-Profit: operator/ finance committee/ BOD?
Describe the process of preparing a budget for an early learning and care program: Step Eight
- Monitor and Amend:
- Overtime to make changes and add new info
- create mechanism for ongoing budget review
What does the iron triangle consist of?
- Full fee collection
- Full enrolment
- revenues cover cost per child
What are the 8 steps to preparing a budget?
- Make a Wish List
- Program Expenditures
- Project Revenue
- Compare
- Set Priorities
- Balancing the Budget
- Get Budget Approval
- Monitor and Amend
List some approaches to advocating for EC services:
- Going to the government to rally or testify
- Speaking to a parent about how to support their child
- Using professional language when discussing the field of EC education
- Respond to political decisions through letter writing, social media and public events
- Vote for political parties that have quality early learning and care as a priority
- Initiate conversations with family, friends, neighbours, etc about the growth experienced by children in all domains of EC and reflections of such growth in later development.
What is informational advocacy?
- informed advocacy implies that the educators actions are derived from her understanding of important bodies of knowledge, such as the importance of reflective practice
- referring to ECE profession with professional language
- informing the public of facts
What is professional advocacy?
- Often referred to as lobbying
- Its aim is to benefit the profession and the children and families it serves
- Attempts to challenge and reform public systems that affect children and families and is directed toward policy development, legislative, administrative, and budgetary processes.
What is personal advocacy?
- Correcting terminology
- Enlighten friends, family, etc on the critical importance of the early years for learning
- ECE’s need to understand the important roles that they are playing, have pride in what they do, and provide high quality care in a professional manner so that families see what type of experiences they should expect and demand for their children during the early years.
- Can be as straightforward as helping your neighbour understand what you do at your job.
Describe why advocacy for early learning and care is important:
Advocacy for early learning and care is important because children are in a critical development period while attending an early learning and care centre. The opportunity to create relationships and have positive experiences in a high quality program should be available to everyone, but unfortunately this is not the case. We all need to advocate for higher wages and benefits for staff as well as lower parent fees. Quality early childhood learning and care programs can be very inaccessible due to wait lists and high fees. Theoretically, the wait lists would be shorter if there were enough qualified staff to run more programs, but unfortunately many ECE’s do not remain in the field because it is not economically feasible for them as a career.
