Final Exam (8 wk semester course) Flashcards
What is a control group in an experiment?
The control group is made up of subjects who do not receive the treatment to be evaluated or measured.
What are experimental groups?
Experimental groups are made up of subjects who receive a variable amount or duration of a certain treatment.
What are variables?
Variables are measured quantities of a treatment.
What group receives placebos in drug trials?
The control group receives placebos in drug trials.
What group receives various dosages of the investigated drug?
Experimental groups receive various dosages of the investigated drug.
What are double-blind studies?
In double-blind studies, neither the test subjects nor the researchers know who gets the drug and who gets the placebo.
What is peer review?
Peer review is the critical examination of the results of an experiment before publication
Identify as either POS or NEG feedback:
The dilation of the vessels in the extremities indicated by swollen tissue and a tightly fitting ring because of hot weather is an example of
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
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The dilation of pupils exposed to dim light and their constriction when suddenly exposed to bright light is an example of
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
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After cutting yourself with a knife, a chemical reaction that creates a blood clot will start and continue until the bleeding has stopped. This is an example of
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
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When you contract a bacterial infection, your body’s temperature will begin to rise to 100° F, then to 102° F, and possibly to 104° F. High temperatures create a hostile environment for the bacteria. Rising temperature caused by a bacterial infection is an example of
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
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The release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary in response to a contraction of the uterus during childbirth is an example of
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
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The release of calcitonin (a hormone that lowers the calcium level in the blood) in response to calcium levels higher than 9–11 mg/dl (normal range) is an example of
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
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The release of parathormone (a hormone that increases the calcium level in the blood) in response to calcium levels lower than 9–11 mg/dl is an example of
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
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A decrease in blood pressure will result in an increased heart rate. This is an example of
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
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Increased levels of blood glucose cause the increased secretion of insulin (a hormone that lowers blood glucose levels). This is an example of
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
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Low levels of blood glucose will stimulate the release of glucagon, which in turn stimulates liver cells to release stored glucose into the blood, thus increasing the blood glucose level. This is an example of
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
Identify the tissue type:
arranged in sheets in the walls of organs such as the stomach, uterus, and intestine
smooth muscle tissue
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binds cells and other tissues together; present in all organs
connective tissue
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binds muscle cells together in skeletal muscles
loose connective tissue
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consists of clumps of cells that form many glands of the body
glandular epithelia
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composed of formed elements such as erythrocytes and large amounts of extracellular material
blood
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contracts when stimulated, producing mechanical force
muscle tissue
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arranged in sheets of tightly packed cells that form the external coverings or internal linings of organs
membranous epithelia
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forms the lining or external covering of organs; also forms glands
epithelial tissue
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consists of cells in a loose network of collagen and elastic fiber; found around blood vessels in the body
loose connective tissue
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consists of tightly packed fibers found in ligaments and tendons
dense connective tissue
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nd in ligaments and tendons dense connective tissue
cardiac muscle tissue
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guards against toxins by creating a barrier in the body
supportive nervous tissue
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helps maintain blood calcium levels
bone
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consists of loose and dense tissue; supports and joins various body structures
connective tissue proper
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monitors internal and external conditions through various sensors
nervous tissue
Identify the tissue type:
provides internal support and protection to internal organs
boine
