Final Exam Flashcards
When providing artificial respirations on people, what happens?
- Over ventilation can cause an increase in intra-thoracic pressure, causing a decrease in venous return and coronary perfusion.
First Degree Block
If the R is far from the P, you have a first degree
Second Degree Type 1
-long, longer, longer, drop, you have a wenkebach (second degree type 1)
Second Degree Type 2
-If some of the Ps don’t get though, you then have a second degree type 2 (Mobitz)
Type 3 Heart Block
-If the Ps and Qs dont agree, then you have a type 3
Pediatric Epiglottitis Signs and Symptoms
tripoding, drooling, acute, febrile
Croup Signs and Symptoms
Feels better in the cold, seal bark cough, gradual onset, viral
In order to nasal intubate, a patient
the Pt must be breathing breathing
Labor Stage1
Cervical dilation, contractions and full dilation
Labor Stage 2
Full dilation to delivery of the fetus
Labor Stage 3
Delivery of the placenta
Diabetic Type 1
Insulin Dependent Diabetic or Juvenile Diabetic. Hereditary Predisposition. Pancreas fails to produce insulin and require supplemental insulin to control BGLs.
Diabetic Type 2
Most common form in which BGLs are elevated because the body cannot produce enough insulin to compensate for the inability to utilize insulin effectively.
Diabetic Keto Acidosis
BGL Range
BGL of 250-600 mg/dl. Keytones are present. Can be caused by excessive food, insufficient insulin dosage , infection.
DKA Respirations may be
Pt may have Kussmaul respirations in an attempt to eliminate excessive keytones.
Which diabetic type will present with DKA
Found in type 1 diabetics.
A DKA patients end tidal will be
They will become hypocapnic
DKA Signs and Symptoms are
Signs and symptoms include thirst and frequent urination.
DKA Treatment includes?
Treat w/ fluids to attempt to correct electrolyte imbalance.
treat if Hyperkalemic with Sodium Bicarbonate
A hyperkalemic DKA patient will show what on their EKG?
Observe for peaked T waves.
A DKA patient who is bradycardia is given?
calcium chloride to antagonize potassium at the receptor site.
A patient with HHNK is what type of Diabetic?
Diabetic type 2
A patient in HHNK will present with?
hyperglycemia, AMS, drowsiness and lethargy, severe dehydration, thirst, dark urine, seizures, paralysis or muscle weakness
A HHNK patient bgl will be above?
600mg/dl
A HHNK patient will be ketonic
True or False
False
What happens to a pt end tidal when you hyperventilate them
the ETCO2 will decrease, causing hypocapnia
What happens to a pt end tidal when you hypoventilate them
the ETCO2 will increase causing hypercapnia
What is the antidote for a beta blocker overdose
Glucagon
What is the antidote for a calcium channel blocker overdose
Calcium Chloride
What is the antidote for a Tricyclic Antidepressant Overdose (TCA)
Sodium Bicarbonate
When will a patient show signs of pre eclampsia
after the 20th week
What 3 signs will present in a pre-eclamptic patient
Edema, Hypertension and Protein in the urine
An eclamptic patient is treated with?
Magnesium Sulfate, 1-4 grams over 3 minutes
Magnesium Sulfate is what class of drug
An Electrolyte
The difference between eclampsia and pre-eclampsia is
Seizure activity
Rapid infusion of Mag Sulfate may cause
respiratory depression, circulatory collapse and hypotension
An overdose of Mag Sulfate can be treated with
Calcium Chloride
The dose of Calcium Chloride is
500mg to 1 gram IV/IO
Terbutaline is what class of drug?
Sympathomimetic bronchodilator
A patient with pregnancy induced asthma can be treated with?
Terbutaline .25mg sc
A patient in preterm labor can receive what to promote uterine relaxation
Terbutaline, .25mg SC
Terbutaline can be repeated
PRN every 10 to 15 minutes
The max dose of Terbutaline is
.5mg in a 4 hour period
The class of Valium is
Benzodiazapine
Indications of Valium includes
Seizures, non respondent to Mag Sulfate.
Anxiety, in a HTN crisis
Dosage of valium is
5-10mg every 10-15 minutes
The desired dose of Valium should be administered as
5mg over 5 minutes
The PALS dose of Epi 1:10,000 is
0.01mg/kg or 0.1ml/kg
The PALS dose of Amiodarone for a patient in SVT or VT w/ a pulse is
5mg/kg over 20-60 minutes. Max dose is 300mg
The PALS dose of Amiodarone for a patient in Pulseless VT or VFib is
5mg/kg. Repeat to 15mg/kg max dose
The pediatric normal saline bolus dose is?
20mg/ kg
Initial Pediatric Cardioversion therapy dose is
0.5 - 1 joule per kg
If initial pediatric cardioversion is ineffective, subsequent dose is
2 joules/ kg
How do you treat a nuchal cord
Cord wrapped around fetus neck. One of the first things to assess for during birth. Slip your finger under the cord and attempt to slip over the head. If unable, clamp and cut the cord going towards mother.
How do you treat a prolapsed cord
Cord emerges ahead of the fetus. Cord can be compressed. Treat urgently. Position supine with hips elevated. Provide O2. Pant with each contraction. Avoid bearing down. Use 2 fingers to lift presenting part off of the cord. Cover with moistened dressing. Maintain position and transport.
How do you treat a Breech Pregnancy
A body part (butt) other than the head presents first. Prepare to deliver body, lifting lower limbs towards head. Head should deliver easily. If it doesn’t, form a V with your hands, and push vaginal wall away from the mouth and nose of fetus.
How do you treat Shoulder Dystocia
Head delivers, but the shoulder can’t get past the symphysis pubis. Pt the patient into the McRoberts position to help widen the vaginal canal.
When intubating a patient and they Brady down, you should?
Ventilate them
For a pediatric in cardiac arrest, first dose of electricity would be
2 joules per kg
Pediatric cardiac arrest second dose of electricity is
4 joules per kg
Subsequent pediatric cardiac arrest electrical dosages increase by
2 joules per kg
Max dose is 10 joules/ kg or adult dose
Becks Triad consists of
Muffled Heart Tones, Jugular Venous Distention and Narrowed Pulse Pressure
Becks Triad is caused by
Cardiac Tamponade, as a result of penetrating chest trauma
Cushings Triad consists of?
Slow Pulse, Rising Blood Pressure and Erratic Respiratory patterns
Cushings Triad is caused by
Increased Cranial Pressure, found in head injuries or stroke
What nerves innervates the diaphragm
The Phrenic Nerve
How is the Parkland Formula Calculated
2-4ml/ kg x body weight x BSA
Half of the Parkland formula is given of the first
8 hours
Aerobic Metabolism is
Metabolism produced only in the presence of oxygen.
Anaerobic Metabolism is
Metabolism that occurs without oxygen
The placenta connects to the fetus via the
umbilical cord to the umbilicus or navel
The umbilical vein carries _________ blood from the placenta to the fetus
oxygenated
The umbilical artery carries __________ blood to the placenta
arteriovenous
The fetus receives oxygen via the
placenta
The ductus venous connects the umbilical vein and the
inferior vena cava
The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the
aorta
The fetus’ right and left atria is separated by the
Foramen Ovale
The class of Pancuronium is
Non-Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker/ paralytic agent
The adult dosage of Pancuronium is
0.04 to 0.1 mg/kg slow IV, repeated every 30-60 minutes as needed
The pediatric dosage of Pancuronium is
0.1 mg/ kg slow IV/ IO
Adverse reactions of Pancuronium include
Apnea, weakness, salivation, PVCs, tachycardia; transient hypotension, increased BP; pain, burning at the injection site.
Pancuronium is contraindicated in
Hypersensitivity, inability to control airway and support ventilations with oxygen and positive pressure, neuromuscular disease (myasthenia gravis), hepatic or renal failure.
Vecuronium is what class of drug
Paralytic Agent
The initial dose of Vecuronium in an adult is
0.1 mg/kg IV push;
The adult maintenance dose of Vecuronium is
0.01 – 0.05 mg/kg IV push
The adult maintenance dose of Vecuronium is given in what time frame
maintenance dose within 20 – 40 minutes:
The initial dose of Vecuronium in an Pediatric is
.1 mg/kg IV/IO push;
The pediatric maintenance dose of Vecuronium is
0.01 – 0.05 mg/kg IV/IO push
The pediatric maintenance dose of Vecuronium is given in what time frame
maintenance dose within 20 – 35 minutes
Adverse reactions of Vecuronium
Apnea, weakness, salivation, PVCs, tachycardia, transient hypotension, increased BP.
Vecuronium is contraindicated in?
Acute narrow angle glaucoma, penetrating eye injuries, inability to control airway or support ventilations with oxygen and positive pressure ventilation, newborns, myasthenia gravis, and hepatic or renal failure.
The class of Etomidate is
Sedative Hypnotic
The dosage of Etomidate is
0.1 – 0.3 mg/kg IV over 15 – 30 seconds.
Adverse Reactions of Etomidate is
Myoclonic skeletal muscle movement, apnea, hypo/hyperventilation, laryngospasm, nausea/vomiting.
The contraindications of Etomidate is
Known hypersensitivity; marked hypotension, severe asthma, severe cardiovascular disease, adrenal suppression
The class of Succinylcholine is
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker, paralyzing agent
Adverse reactions of Succinylcholine are
Apnea, malignant hyperthermia, arrhythmias, bradycardia, hypertension, hypotension, cardiac arrest, hyperkalemia, increased intraocular pressure, fasciculations, exacerbation of hyperkalemia in trauma patients
Contraindications of Succinylcholine include
Acute narrow angle glaucoma, penetrating eye injuries, inability to control airway or support ventilations with oxygen and positive pressure.
In a child, the legs count for
13.5% each
Wernikies Syndrome is caused by a
Deficiency of B vitamin, thiamine
Thiamine metabolizes _________ to to produce energy for the brain
Glucose
What regulates body temperature, growth, appetite and plays a role in emotional response?
The Hypothalamus
What regulates body temperature, growth, appetite and plays a role in emotional response?
The Hypothalamus
The pulse ox works by
Reading what is attached to the cell, not what is in the blood
If a female passes out, and is AOx4 upon arrival, you should consider
Hypoglycemia
Elevated pressure from which blood is ejected from the heart. The cardiac muscle is stretched and contracts with a greater force
Starlings Law
LOC, Rigidity, Arched Back, intermittent contractions of major muscle groups, lip smacking, clenched teeth. Chaotic and disorganized contractions.
Tonic Clonic Seizure
Non epileptic seizure. Loc and Positctal are present. Triggered by emotional event, lights, pain or stress. Organized rhythm with side to side head movement.
Pseudoseizures
Formerly called petit mal seizure. Little or no movement. Typical patient is in a child. They almost come to a freeze, and will last a few seconds.
Absence Seizures
Affect a limited portion of the brain and can be divided into simple or complex seizures. May cause a wavelike motion called a Jacksonian March.
Partial Seizure
ACE Inhibitors decrease the production of
angiotensin II
ACE Inhibitors are
Angiotensin converting enzyme inibitors
Ectopic Pregnancy patients present with
Lower abdominal Pain
The most basic care for post partum treatment is
Fundal Massage
When treating a flail chest segment
Provide Positive Pressure
You are treating a patient in SVT and a blood pressure of 120/80 and are stable. What is your first treatment?
Vagal Maneuvers
Ischemia is defined as?
Tissue anoxia caused by diminished blood flow as a result of narrowing or occlusion of an artery
Infarct is defined as?
Death or necrosis of a localized area of tissue, caused by ischemia
If a scene turns unsafe?
Evacuate and call the police
Incomplete or partial separation of a normal implanted placenta is called a?
Abrupto Placenta
When does Abrupto Placenta usually occur?
The last trimester
Abrupto Placenta presents with
severe abdominal pain, radiating into the back, decreased fetal tones and movement
A patient with Abrupto Placenta will have an abdomen that is?
Tender and a rigid uterus
What is a spontaneous abortion
A miscarriage
A patient with a spontaneous abortion will present with
vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain
A spontaneous abortion may be caused by
Illness, toxic substances, abnormal attachment of the placenta
Treat a spontaneous abortion by
Treating symptoms and being compassionate
Placenta Previa is when
the placenta is implanted low in the uterus and grows covering the cervical canal
Placenta previa presents with
Painless vaginal bleeding in the second or third trimesters with bright red blood
A uterine rupture is a
Complication that occurs during labor
Patients at risk for uterine rupture
have had a C section or multiple pregnancies
A patient with a uterine rupture will have contractions that
start strong and have lessened
Contraction pain from a uterine rupture
will feel sharp and tearing
Patients with a uterine rupture will present with
Signs of shock and a falling blood pressure
The P wave on an EKG represents
The activation of the SA node, causing Atrial Depolarization
The QRS complex on an EKG represents
The measurement of time required for ventricular depolarization
The T wave on an EKG represents
Ventricular Repolarization
The PR Interval
is where the P wave leaves the baseline to the beginning of the QRS complex
The RR and PP intervals
determine rate and rhythmicity
The early phase of cardiac polarization where the heart muscle cannot be stimulated to depolarize is known as the?
Absolute Refractory Period
A spider bite that causes cramping and numbing is caused by a
Black WIdow
Extreme restlessness, spasms of the abdomen and thigh are caused by the bite of a
Black Widow
A spider bite that is typically painless and may not present with any symptoms is from
A Brown Recluse
Sloghing of the skin, nausea, vomiting and fever are caused by a
Brown Recluse spider bite
Barrel chest, polycythemia and pursed lip breathing present in a patient with
emphysema
A patient in respiratory distress, pink skin and no signs of hypoxia suffer from
emphysema
What is the number one killer in young people
Trauma
Alpha 1 medications cause?
Vasoconstriction, increased after load
Prior to giving a vasopressor, the medic should administer?
A fluid bolus
Priority care to a newborn is?
Dry, Warm, Stimulate
What is the newborn respiratory rate
40 - 60 breaths per minute
What is the dose of Magnesium Sulfate in a patient suffering from Cardiac Arrest due to Torsades de Pointes
1-2 grams given over 20 - 60 minutes
What term is used to to describe a first pregnancy
Prima Gravida
Neonatal Bradycardia is initially treated by
Providing positive pressure ventilations
To provide a pediatric patient with a saline bolus you would
Convert pounds to kilograms. Then dose 20ml/ kg
A patient on methamphetamines is experiencing sinus tachycardia. Should you administer Adenosine?
NO
Lung Sounds in a patient with a pulmonary embolism will be?
Clear
What would you look for in a pediatric patient who is being suctioned
Bradycardia
Cardiac arrest in a pediatric patient is precluded by
Respiratory Arrest
2 or more organs that are impaired is known as
Multi Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)
A patients wheezing is improving and the wheezes stop. What may have happened?
The patient stopped breathing
What is important to know when dealing with a chronically ill patient
Their baseline
When dealing with a patient with facial burns, the paramedic should?
Prepare to intubate
You receive an outrageous order from medical control. You should?
not follow it and document the reason why
When waiting for the delivery of the placenta, do not?
pull on the umbilical cord
A patient with organophosphate poisoning should be given
2mg of atropine
The first sign of neonatal distress is
Bradycardia
Vasoconstriction of the arteries and veins is caused by
Alpha 1 Stimuli
Insulin restriction, Glucagon secretions and inhibition of norepinephrine release is caused by
Alpha 2 Stimuli
Beta 2 stimuli causes
Bronchial relaxation, uterine relaxation and arterial dilation of certain key organs
Beta 1 stimuli
Increased Inotropy, Dromotropy and Chronotropy
A histamine is?
found in mast cells that when released causes vasodilation, capillary leaking and bronchiole construction, found in large amounts in basophils and increases tissue inflammation.
An antigen is?
found on the surfaces of red blood cells that stimulate an immune system response and cause formation of antibodies, cells learn to recognize these as either self or non self (foreign).
An antibody is?
A protein secreted by certain immune cells in response to an antigen, which binds antigens to make them more usable to the immune system’; an immunglobin.
How do you estimate the size of a pediatric uncuffed ET Tube
Age of the patient + 4 / 4
If you see a 12 lead with a pacer spike and no QRS, that may indicate there is a
Failure to the pacemaker
What medications do emphysema patients take
Oxygen, Corticosteroids, Bronchodilators
A patient with stroke like symptoms that resolve in an hour is having a
Transient Ischemic Attack
A hemorrhagic stroke is a
Bleed
An ischemic attack is a
blockage
What kind of stroke is more common?
Ischemic
How would a patient experiencing a stroke report their headache?
Worse headache of their life
ECG changes associated with neurologic symptoms may mean?
Increased Intracranial Pressure
ICP and brainstem herniation can be caused by?
Hemorrhagic Stroke
A collapsed lung causing tracheal deviation, JVD, Hypotension is a
Tension Pneumo Thorax
A patient with a tension pneumo may experience hypotension because of pressure on the
Vena Cava
Amiodarone acts on
Beta adrenergic receptors
calcium channels
sodium/ potassium channels
Diabetic patients are affected by
Peripheral Neuropathy
Solid organs that develop and release and ovum are
Ovaries
Tubes that are associated with ovaries where fertilization occurs are the
Fallopian tubes
Where the embryo grows.
The uterus
The dome shop at the top of the uterus is the
Fundus
The narrowest portion of the uterus is the
Cervix
The outermost layer of the uterine wall is the
Perimetrium
The middle layer of the uterine wall is the
Myometrium
The innermost layer of the uterine wall is the
Endometrium
A patient with spinal trauma who’s skin is warm and dry is in
Neurogenic Shock
Neurogenic shock is caused by the bodies
inability for the blood vessels to constrict below an injury site
Epinephrine (1:1,000) dosing in anaphylaxis in pediatric patient IV/ IO is
0.01mg/ kg every 3-5 minutes
IM dosing of epinephrine (1:1,000) in a pediatric patient is
0.01mg/ kg every 15 minutes
Pain when pressure is released opposed to when pressed is known as
Rebound Tenderness
Rebound Tenderness is a sign of
Appendicitis
Zofran is what kind of drug
Anti- Nauseant
The dose of Zofran is
4mg IV, IO or SL
A side effect of Zofran is
A prolonged QT Interval
Peritoneal irritation and guarding, indicating an injury or illness requiring immediate surgical intervention
Rigidity
Increase in tissue pressure in a closed fascial space that compromises circulation
Compartment Syndrome
Trauma requires?
A surgeon
Bradycardia and Respiratory failure precedes?
Cardiac Arrest
Dark green or black matter in amniotic fluid that indicates fetal distress and can be aspirated
Meconium
A fertilized ovum that implants somewhere other than the uterus
Ectopic Pregnancy
In an ectopic pregnancy, what signs will present
Abdominal pain
A patient with an ectopic pregnancy is at risk for
Rupture of the Fallopian tube and and hypovolemic shock
Injuries from the blast itself
Primary
Injuries due to missiles being propelled by the blast force
Secondary
Injuries due to impact with another object
Tertiary
Collateral injuries such as burns, crush or inhaled toxins
Quaternary
Long term damage from biologic, chemical or radioactive contaminants added to an explosive device
Quinary
Class of Fentanyl
A narcotic analgesic
Fentanyl works on
The opioid receptors
Fentanyl is contraindicated in children under the age of
two years old
The dose of fentanyl in adults is
25 - 100 mcg
The pediatric dose of Fentanyl is
1-2 micrograms per kilogram
What age range of pediatrics can receive Fentanyl
2 - 12 years old
What should you have available when administering Fentanyl
Narcan
A loop diuretic that disrupts sodium reabsorption
Furosemide (Lasix)
Furosemide works in the loop of
Henle
Side effects of lasix includes
Hypokalemia, increased vascular resistance and dysrhythmias
When the brain is jarred in the skull, usually caused by rapid deceleration
Cerebral Contusion
What chemical moves into the extracellular space following a concusion
Potassium
The most common sign of a concussion is a
headache
Amnesia, confusion, disorientation and loss of consciousness are signs of
Cerebral Concussion
Brain tissue that is bruised in local area presenting with neurological deficits
Cerebral Contusion
In a cerebral contusion, the most common area affected is the
Frontal lobe
In an epidural hematoma, blood collects between the
skull and the dura matter
In a epidural hematome, what bone may have a linear fracture
The temporal bone
What is the classic sign of an epidural hematoma
Loss of consciousness, regain of consciousness followed by another loss of consciousness
A headache is associated with an epidural hematoma
True or False
True
Caused be penetrating injury or from rapid deceleration. Once symptoms appear, The condition rapidly deteriorates
Intracerebral Bleed
A parasympathetic blocker. Blocks acetylcholine receptors. Used to treat hemodynamically significant bradycardia, SOB, chest pain, AMS,
Atropine
Effects of Atropine are primarily?
Chronotropic
A dose of atropine less than 0.5mg can cause
Paradoxical slowing of the heart.
The class of Dopamine is
A sympathomimetic, inotropic agent
The dose range of Dopamine is
2 - 20mcg/ kg/ min
Domamine dose of 2-5mcg/ kg/ min results in
Kidney Dilation
Dopamine dose of 5-10 mcg/ kg/ min results in
increased heart rate
Dopamine dose of 10-20mcg/ kg/ min results in
Alpha effects and Vasoconstriction
Push dose Epinephrine concentration is
1: 100,000
For profound hypotension or bradycardia, your dose of press dose epinephrine is
2-10mcg/ min titrated to effect
An epinephrine infusion adds what amount of epinephrine to a 500ml bag
1mg of 1;1000 Epi
What is the typical dose of continuous epinephrine infusion
2 - 10 mcg/ min
The liver is located in the
RUQ
The Gall Bladder is located in the
RUQ
The Pancreas is located in the
RUQ
The Cecum is located in the
RLQ
The Illium is located in the
RLQ
The stomach is located in the
LUQ
The spleen is located in the
LUQ
The Sigmoid colon is located in the
LLQ
The descending colon is located in the
LLQ
A beta 2 agonist that results on smooth muscle relaxation.
Albuterol
The dose of albuterol is
2.5mg in 3ml
Albuterol is used to treat
bronchospasm or COPD / Asthma
An anticholinergic that antagonizes the action of acetylcholine causing bronchodilation and relaxation is
Ipratroium
When mixed with albuterol, Ipratopium creates
A duoneb
The adult dose of Ipratropium is
500mcg in a small volume nebulizer
The pediatric dose of Ipratropium is
350 - 500mcg
Follicle Stimulating Hormones are released by the
Anterior Pituitary Gland
The Pituitary is first stimulated by the release of
Gonadotropin
During the menstrual cycle, the anterior pituitary gland releases a
Lutenizing Hormone
The first step in neonatal resuscitation is to
Dry, Warm, Stimulate
In neonatal resuscitation, if after 30 seconds, you have a pulse rate less than 100, you should
Provide Positive Pressure Ventilations
Chest Compression on a neonate are began when
The neonate has a pulse rate less than 60
If compressions are ineffective, administer
Epinephrine IV or ET
Aggravation of symptoms or an increase in the severity of a disease is known as
An exacerbation
Hyperventilation causes a patients Ph to
create alkalosis and a rise in the patients Ph
Chest Pain, Carpopedal Spasms, Numbness, tingling of the hands, feet and mouth are caused by
Hyperventilation
A patient in Afib needs to be treated with an antidysrhythmic. What drug choices would you use
Cardizem, A calcium channel blocker
What initial dose of cardizem is used for a patient in AFib
0.25mg/ kg. Typical dose is 15-20 milligrams over 2 minutes.
The repeat dose of cardizem is
0.35mg/ kg after 15 minutes
The maintenance dose of cardizem is
5-15mg/ hr
What is a typical dose of Mag Sulfate in a pre-eclamptic patient
2 grams
An eclamptic patient will receive what dose of mag sulfate
4 grams
What do you do when trying to troubleshoot a problem with an intubated patient
DOPE- Dislodge, Obstruction, Pneumothorax, Equipment
What rate using a bag valve mask is considered hyperventilation
20 breaths per minute or 1 breath every 3 seconds
How is cardiac output affected by ventilation
Ventilation is compromised but perfusion continues. Blood passes but there is no gas exchange. V/Q mismatch
Hypoxia has an effect on
Cardiac Function
Where are Histamines found
found in mast cells
Histamine cause
that when released causes vasodilation, capillary leaking and bronchiole constriction.
Tissues____________________ when exposed to histamines?
Inflame
Pediatric Dosage of Adenosine
0.1mg/ kg
Pediatric Dosage of Atropine
0.02mg/ kg
Pediatric Dosage of Calcium Chloride
20mg/kg
Pediatric Dosage of Nitroglycerine
0.25 - 0.5mg/ kg/ min
A class 1 antidysrhythmic will
slow movement of sodium through channels in certain cardiac cells
Class 2 antidysrhythmics are
Antidysrhythmic Medications/Beta-Adrenergic-
Beta Blockers
Class 2 antidysrhytmics will
Inhibit catecholamine (epinephrine and norepinephrine) activation of beta receptor sites
Slows HR , contractility, cardiac conduction
-Metoprolol- beta blocker that reduces HR during
Class 3 Antidysrhythmic drugs are
Amiodarone
Class 3 Antidysrhythmics will treat
Vtach/ Vfib
Class 4 Antidysrythmics drugs are
Cardizem, Digoxin
Class 4 Antidysrythmics drugs will treat
AFib
