FINAL EXAM Flashcards
Toxicity symptoms of Arsenic
Dermatitis RTI Muscle Aches- headaches, weakness, drowsy, confused Convulsions - neuropathy Increased skin, lung ; liver cancers
What does Arsenic antagonise?
Sulfur & Selenium
Increased need for Vit E
Common Name for Citrullus colocynthis?
Bitter Apple or Wild Gourd
Colocynthis used for?
Spasmodic, cramping pain after “anger is swallowed”
Who is the founding father of homeopathy?
Samuel Hahnemann
What is Primary action?
The action of medicine on the body (medicine fixing the body, eventually body getting dependent on the substance)
What is secondary action?
The organism’s response – working with the body/organism’s response , and providing treatment/remedies to work with the organism/vital force to aid the process of healing.
What is meant by sensitivity?
how strong our reaction to a particular substance/stimulus is
Eg – size of dose, potency, frequency, strength of reaction
What is meant by susceptibility?
The what. identifies the ‘factor’ to which we are reacting to
Eg – causations, genetics, predisposition of a person, certain medicines/treatments, modifying factors etc
What is meant by the principle of minimum dose?
The goal of a homoeopath is to use least number of medicines, smallest amount and fewest repetitions necessary to restore health.
What is client hypersensitivity?
Quick and rapid and heightened reactions produced to various stimuli.
What is client hyposensitivity?
Slow and sluggish physical and mental reactions to various stimuli.
What dose for hypersensitive Pt?
Low potencies, smaller doses and less repetition for clients with high sensitivity.
What dose for hyposensitive PT?
High potencies, large doses and frequent repetitions for clients with low sensitivity.
Egs of homeopathic aggravations?
A primary action with temporary increase in similar symptoms
OR – A hypersensitive patient who will require lower potencies.
Principle of single medicines?
Principle to prescribe single remedy prescription, also called classical homoeopathy.
What is complex prescribing and when/how is it used?
involves use of more than one remedies.
· Usually used in low potencies – formulas and complexes
· Disease based
· Combine homoeopathy with nutritional or herbal formulas.
What is hormesis phenomenon?
Dose: potency relationship is biphasic – low doses stimulate and high doses inhibit/aggravate/toxic.
What is A) Low potency scales B) Low to moderate pot. scales C) High Potencies ??
Low = 3C, 6C, 12C
Low to Moderate = 30C, 200C
High = above 200C
Therapeutic Guidelines for Acute prescribing?
· Acute remedies are usually prescribed for acute problems or acute exacerbations of chronic problems.
· Acute conditions require frequent repetitions, and frequency of these repetitions needs to be judged based on the intensity of signs and symptoms.
· Higher potencies are prescribed in high intensity of signs and symptoms.
Constitutional medicine
Mental and physical attributes of a patient in an healthy state.
Fundamental prescribing?
mental and physical symptoms experienced by a patient during an illness
Lesional prescribing?
symptoms and characteristics of disease
Organopathy prescribing?
prescribing is based on organ similarity rather than symptom similarity. Used for supporting a specific organ
Aetiological prescribing?
prescribing based on the aetiology/causation of the disease rather than on the presenting symptoms
Isopathy
Medicine made from same disease causing agent
Tautopathy
potentized medicine from a drug/toxin. Eg – side effects of a particular pharmaceutical drug or toxin effects etc
What does Aphorism 153 mean?
Individualised medicine.
Striking, characteristic, odd, unusual signs/symptoms should be kept in view and matched with a similar medicine exhibiting similar signs/symptoms to be prescribed to that individual. Whereas, common signs/symptoms of a disease deserve less attention unless really characteristic/important.
What does PQRS mean?
Peculiar, queer, rare, striking/strange. These are important in homoeopathic prescribing
What are LSMC symptoms?
Location, sensation, modality and concomitant (accompanying features) LSMC together makes a complete symptom
What is Kent’s hierarchy of symptoms?
o PQRS symptoms – highly characteristic symptoms help choose a characteristic similar remedy
o Mental Emotional – symptoms related to intellect, emotions and the mind
o Physical general – characteristic physical symptoms not specific to any organ or body system eg – sleep, thermals etc
o Physical particular – affecting a particular location or a tissue type eg – ear, head, mouth etc
o Common – common symptoms, uncharacteristic
What is Hering’s Principle?
One of the guiding principles of homeopathy which delineates patterns in the change of symptoms that indicate a curative process is occurring. The four patterns of cure are: symptoms moving from the top of the body downward, symptoms moving from inner or central parts of the body outward or toward the peripheral parts, symptoms shifting from essential parts or organs to less essential, and symptoms appearing in reverse chronological order.
What is genus epidemics & how is treated?
The group of symptoms which characterizes an epidemic. This ‘symptom complex’ is then used to select a particular homeopathic remedy which can be used both curatively and prophylactically during the epidemic.
Disease classifications
- Acute disease
- Chronic disease
- Non-communicable disease
- Classification based on epidemiology
Classifications of chronic disease?
- Miasmatic – further exploration on whether single or multiple miasm involvement
- Non-miasmatic – diet, lifestyle issues where advise/referral is important to remove the maintaining cause
Who is Wilhelm Schuessler?
first invented 12 inorganic mineral salts (tissue salts) and used them for homoeopathic as well as nutritional therapy.
Who is Maurice Blackmore?
an Australian naturopath further developed these mineral salts into more material doses and produced range of celloids.
What is similar aggravation?
This is an aggravation of existing symptoms produced by the remedy – indicative of correct remedy but wrong potency
What is dissimilar aggravation?
This is an aggravation produces with appearance of new symptoms. It is not a natural course of the disease but clearly produced by the remedy – indicative of wrong remedy.
Define Chronic disease?
Applies to illnesses with long lasting and persistent effects.
What is a Miasm?
Hahnemann described the causative agent of a disease as a ‘Miasm’
an underlying pattern of energy. These patterns of energy are similar in nature to specific diseases.
Categories of true chronic diseases caused by Miasms?
- Veneral – Causative factors for syphilis and sycosis diseases.
- Non-Veneral – Single deep seated chronic disease process called as ‘Psora’ miasm
Groups of homeopathic medicines?
- System approach
- Symptom approach
- Relationship to other remedies
- Kingdom of Nature
- Disease products – Nosodes
- Physiological relationships – sphere of action – inimical (similar), antidotes, follows well etc
- Periodic Table – mineral grouping
- Cations and Anions and common element grouping
- Themes
What makes up a successful similium?
Good selection of a medicine, its potency, dosage, and repetition are all part of a successful simillimum
What are homeopathic reactions?
the “cured” provers who have received the simillimum medicine. They do not exhibit any new symptoms. They will lose existing symptoms.
What are antipathic reactions?
Amelioration of symptoms followed by an aggravation of the provers’ symptoms, which may need to be antidoted.
What are allopathic reactions?
most common type of reaction.
What is potentisation?
is the process, by which a substance is serially diluted and succussed in order to “develop.. (the) medicinal power” of the substance and render it safe and effective for medicinal use in humans.
What is a mother tincture?
raw extract derived from plant based medicines in an alcohol base, before any potentisation has taken place.
What is the X scale ratio?
1:9
What is the C scale ratio?
1:99
What is the Q scale ratio?
1:50,000
What is succussion?
term given to “striking” the bottle “against a hard but elastic” surface, following each dilution
Difference between CH & CK?
CH = hahnemann method - new bottle is used with each dilution CK = Korsakoff method - same bottle is used by tipping out the contents
When to select low potency?
- Gradual onset of disease
- Slow pace of disease
- Structural pathology
- Chronic aetiology
- Few characteristic symptoms
- Distant simile or low confidence in RX
- History of suppression
- Addiction
- Low vitality
- Elderly, sluggish people
When to select high potency?
- Rapid onset of disease
- Rapid pace of disease
- Functional pathology
- Acute aetiology
- Many characteristic symptoms
- Simillium or high confidence
- Absence of suppression
- Non-addiction
- Strong vitality
- Children, vigorous people
What situations is repetition of dose more commonly required?
Where improvement is more gradual When obstacles to recovery exist In Acute disease Excessive symptoms When rapid results are needed Chronic structural pathology
When to use more succussions?
More succussions = more dynamisation, more change.
Used for hyposensitives or those with high vitality (eg 12 succussions).
When to use less succussions?
Less succussions = Less dyanmisation, less change.
Used for hypersensitive and those with low vitality (eg. 2 succussions)
Define endemic disease?
Diseases where the infectious agent is present in the population of a given geographical area constantly
What is sporadic diseases?
Diseases that occur infrequently or irregularly
What are Epidemic diseases?
Those diseases that are suddenly prevalant in large numbers in the population of a given area
What is a pandemic?
Those epidemic diseases that have spread countries or continents
Define chronic diseases?
Applies to a group of diseases that are long lasting and have persistent effects.
What symptoms are essential in synopsis for acute prescription?
Location, sensation, modality, concomitant and causation symptoms
What is a proving?
An experiment undertaken by a group of healthy individuals to test the medicinal effects of a particular substance. Symptoms produced are recorded, collated and organized into a comprehensive description of the action of the remedy. Provings can also happen during the therapeutic process if the homeopath has not properly taken into account the healing path of the vital force, and repeats an incorrect remedy too often. Proving symptoms usually disappear of their own accord with a little time.
What is a repertory?
One of the chief tools of the professional homeopath. It is an exhaustive list of symptoms, each of which is followed by a list of remedies that have either produced the symptom during a proving or cured it clinically.
What is a rubric?
A symptom in the repertory. Under this symptom may be listed any number of remedies which have produced and/or cured this symptoms.
Define Simillimum?
Homeopathic remedy that perfectly matches the state of an individual for whom it is prescribed. This one remedy will heal in a profound and long lasting way.
What is trituration?
A method for beginning to prepare a homeopathic remedy. The crude substance is mixed with milk sugar and ground together in a mortar and pestle for 20 minutes.
What is maceration?
The process of a softening a substance with the intension of breaking it up, by using a liquid.
What is percolation?
Is the process where the macerated liquid is left to “settle” with the result “the fibrinous and albuminous matters” will be deposited and the “clear superincumbent fluid” can now “be decanted off for medicinal use”
What is a pharmacopeia?
A book containing an official list of medicinal drugs together with articles on their preparation and use
What is needed on a label?
Patient Name Date of prescription Name & potency of medicine Dosage instructions Practioner name & contact details Expiry 5 years after prescription
General instructions with homeopathic remedies?
- Do not eat anything 15 mins before or after
- Avoid Caffeine 1 hour before or after
- Tablets/pillules to be sucked or lightly chewed until full dissolution
How long do remedies last?
At least 18-20 years if protected from heat & light
What is a simplex?
term used for single homeopathic medicines
What is a complex?
term used to denote medicines which contain 2 or more homeopathic medicines in one bottle
What are NCDs?
Non-communicable diseases. of long duration & slow progression
- CVD
- Cancers
- Chronic respiratory diseases
- Diabetes
Which tissue salt did Blackmore remove and why?
Nat-mur (sodium chloride) - found it to be in excess in modern diets.
When to use nosodes?
- When its the indicated medicine
- When indicated medicine fails
- When patient relapses
- When acute disease fails to resolve
- When symptom picture of patient is secondary to miasmatic picture
- “Never been well since”
Disposition of healthy patients needing an Animal kingdom medicine?
Affectionate, caring, playful, mischievous, alert, quick, animated, restless, curious, malicious, communicative
Causation of disease in animal kingdom?
Due to being looked down upon; rejection; failure in competition ; neglect.
Key themes of the animal kingdom?
Competition, survival, comparison, superiority, inferiority. hierarchy.
Disposition of healthy patients needing a mineral kingdom medicine?
Systematic, calculative, organised, fastidious. They need structure
Causation of disease in mineral kingdom?
break of structure or relationship, failure in performance, failure in power/responsibility
Disposition of healthy patients needing a plant kingdom medicine?
soft, sensitive, emotional, sentimental, disorganised, influenced easily, adoptable and irritable.
Causation of disease in plant kingdom?
emotional or physical hurt or shock.
Key themes in plant kingdom?
Sensitivity, reactivity, emotional/sentimental, disorganised.
Key themes in mineral kingdom?
Structure, role, relationship, performance
What are two of the most valuable symptoms when looking for the simillimum?
- Delusions
2. Never Been well since
Examples of Iatrogenic causes in obstacles to cure?
Supplementation side effects
Excessive exercise
Scar tissue formation post surgery
Adherence to a strict ‘incomplete’ diet
Indications of the presence of a miasm?
When an indicated medicine fails; the patient relapses; an acute fails to resolve.
How to treat a Miasm?
use of nosodes
Use of traditional homeopathic medicine corresponding to the dominant Miasm.
What does ESSENCE stand for?
Education Stress management Spirituality Exercise Nutrition Connectedness Environment
First Aid Injury Therapeutics?
Apis mellifica Arnica montana Bellis perennis Symphytum officinale Hypericum perforatum Calendula officinalis Rhus toxicodendron Ledum palustre Ruta graveolens Bryonia alba
Paediatric & First aid therapeutics?
Chamomilla Belladonna Pulsatilla Nux vomica Ipecac
Febrile State therapeutics?
Aconitum napellus Belladonna Ferrum phosphoric Gelsemium China officinalis Baptisia tinctoria Bryonia alba Hepar sulphurs
Respiratory acute therapeutics?
Spongia toasta Arsenicum album Byronia alba Phosphorus Drosera rotundifolia Silica Antimonium tartaricum Dulcamara
Emotional trauma state therapeutics?
Ignatia amara Aconitum napellus Gelsemium Natrium muriaticum Phosphoricum acidum Staphisagria
GIT acute therapeutics?
Arsenicum album Colocynthis Ipecacuanha Tabacum Podophyllum Peltatum Aloe socotrina Croton tiglium Coffea cruda Alumina Veratrum album Cocculus
Schuessler tissue salts?
Calc Fluor (calcium fluoride) Calc Phos Calc Sulph Ferr Phos (Iron phosphate) Mag Phos (Magnesium phosphate) Silica Kali Mur (Potassium chloride) Kali Phos Kali Sulph Nat Mur (Sodium chloride) Nat Phos Nat Sulph
Major indications for Apis mellifica?
Stings Burning pain Sudden & Rapid swelling Anaphylactic shock Histamine allergic reactions
Major indications for Arnica Montana?
Sore bruised pain
Soft tissue trauma
Bruising
Injury from blunt instrument
Major indications for Bellis perrenis?
Injury to deep tissue after surgery Sprain Bruise Bone fracture Deep trauma
Major indications for Symphytum?
Injuries of bones & eyes
Fractures (improves reunion of bones)
Allergic skin reactions
Major indications for Hypericum?
Injuries to nerves & spine Shooting pain Injury to areas rich in nerves Phantom pain Splinter
Major indications for Calendula?
Lacerated wounds
Violent pain out of proportion of the injury
Major indications for Rhus tox?
Rheumatic complaints
Skin - itchy, inflamed, burning, swelling.
Sprains & strains of joints agg from cold
hives & allergic reactions amel from heat
Musculoskeletal injuries
Major indications for Ledum palustre?
Rheumatic complaints Puncture wounds Stings & bites Gout Amel cold Agg heat
Major indications for Ruta graveolens?
Arthritis
Rheumatic pains
Musculoskeletal injury
Sprains, strains - tendons, insertions & periosteum
Difference between rhus tox & ruta?
Both are indicated in sprains, strains & injuries of the joints, Rhus is more for muscular injury whereas Ruta is for deeper structures such as tendons & periosteum.
Major indications for Bryonia alba ?
Headache starting over left eye
Pneumonia, bronchitis
Dysmennorhea
Whooping cough
Paediatric indications for chamomilla?
Teething Cramps Colic Tempers in children Otitis media
Paediatric indications for Belladonna?
Great intensity of symptoms Congestion Pulsating pain High BP Otitis - throbbing ear Sudden onset, violent attack & high fever
Paediatric indications for Pulsatilla?
Sooky, weepy & love getting attention Separation anxiety Wandering pains Blushes easily Hayfever Conjunctivitis
Paediatric indications for Nux vom?
Constipation/diarrhoea
Colicky babies
Bossy children
Hayfever/allergies
Paediatric indications for Ipecacuanha?
Nausea & vomiting
Coughing to point of vomiting
Bronchitis/asthma
Headaches with nausea
What can produce an Aconite state?
Severe stress or sudden fright or cold, dry winds.
Fevers & fright
First aid indications for Belladonna?
High fevers
Delusions & hallucinations
Intensity & vividness
When is the best time to give Ferrum Phos (Iron phosphate)?
In early stages of acute infection or febrile situation
First 24hrs of sickness
Indications for Gelsemium?
Fear of exams, stage fright. EBV/Flu Cowardly Weakness of NS Heat alternating with chills
Indications for China off.
Weakness caused by blood loss, diarrhoea, profuse sweat & lactation - fluid loss
Indications for Baptisia?
Inflammation with rapid septic conditions
Offensive mouth & stool
Gagging on solid foods
Febrile indications for Bryonia
fever - wanting to be left alone to recover/not wanting to move
Indications for Hepar sulphuris?
Hypersensitive to pain
Abusive, intolerant of suffering
Stitching pain - like needles or glass
Resp indications for Spongia tosta?
Dry & barking cough Whooping cough Croup Pneumonia/laryngitis Lost voice Thyroid issues/goitre
Resp indications for Drosera rotundifolia
Violent & rapid whooping cough
Can hardly breath
Cough up phlegm
Agg early AM
Resp indications for Arsenicum alba
Cough due to Allergy, cold air or laying down
Asthma due to dust or cold
Smokers cough
Resp indications for Bryonia
Dryness of MM
Severely painful cough that hurts head or chest
Taking breath is painful
Resp indications for phosphorous
Tickling sensation in larynx causing cough
Deep hoarse cough
Night cough
Resp indications for Silica?
Reoccurring colds, bronchitis, allergies, sinusitis in Children
Dry cough
Lumpy yellow or green phlegm
Resp indications for Antimonium?
Accumulation of mucus in bronchi.
Too weak to cough up phlegm
White coating on tongue
Whooping cough
Resp indications for Dulcamara?
Colds & cough bought on by change of weather esp from hot to cold
Emotional Indications for Ignatia?
Acute strong grief
Old grief exp as fresh
Strong feelings bottled up
Sensation of lump in throat
Emotional Indications for Aconite?
Sudden fright eg. car accident
Adrenaline rush/shock
URTI after fright
Emotional Indications for Natrium muriaticum?
Grief - may hold it in but when let it out a flood of grief
Postviral exhaustion, hair falling out
Emotional Indications for Staphysagria?
Suppressed dark emotions Bullied Resentment Anger Depression
Emotional Indications for Phosphoric acid?
Emotional exhaustion
No emotions
Ailments from grief
GIT Indications for Arsenicum album?
Burning pains - gastro, ulcers, heartburn, vomiting
Food poisoning
GIT Indications for colocynths?
Violent, neuralgic cramping
Colic better for coffee
N&V with intense pain
GIT Indications for Ipecacuanha?
Cough causing N&V
Clean tongue
Horrid, sick, queasy feeling in stomach
GIT Indications for Tabacum?
Seasickness
Deathly nausea with or without vomiting
Violent vomiting with cold sweat
Amel open air on abdomen
GIT Indications for Podophylum?
Diarrhoea worse for AM
Rectal prolapse
Alternating D/C with gas, explosive
Children with diarrhoea esp in teething
What part of GIT does Aloe socotrina act on?
End of large intestine
Engorgement of liver
Rectal & intestinal fullness
GIT Indications for Croton tigilium?
Explosive diarrhoea
Sudden gush of yellow watery stool immediately after eating
Violent vomiting and rumbling of stomach
Indications for coffea cruda?
Ailments from sudden joy/excitement
Unendurable colic - intestines feel cut to pieces
GIT Indications for Alumina?
Severe Constipation without urging
Unable to move bowel - inactivity of rectum
GIT Indications for veratrum album?
Abundant diarrhoea
Profuse/projectile vomiting
Cold sensation in stomach
GIT Indications for Cocculus indicus?
Seasickness & motion sickness
Dizzy, giddy, unwell
Anxiety for health of others
What is similia similibus curantur?
Likes are cured by likes
What is similia similibus curentur?
Let likes be cured by likes
What is contraria contrartiis curentur?
Curing by opposites