FINAL EXAM Flashcards
Toxicity symptoms of Arsenic
Dermatitis RTI Muscle Aches- headaches, weakness, drowsy, confused Convulsions - neuropathy Increased skin, lung ; liver cancers
What does Arsenic antagonise?
Sulfur & Selenium
Increased need for Vit E
Common Name for Citrullus colocynthis?
Bitter Apple or Wild Gourd
Colocynthis used for?
Spasmodic, cramping pain after “anger is swallowed”
Who is the founding father of homeopathy?
Samuel Hahnemann
What is Primary action?
The action of medicine on the body (medicine fixing the body, eventually body getting dependent on the substance)
What is secondary action?
The organism’s response – working with the body/organism’s response , and providing treatment/remedies to work with the organism/vital force to aid the process of healing.
What is meant by sensitivity?
how strong our reaction to a particular substance/stimulus is
Eg – size of dose, potency, frequency, strength of reaction
What is meant by susceptibility?
The what. identifies the ‘factor’ to which we are reacting to
Eg – causations, genetics, predisposition of a person, certain medicines/treatments, modifying factors etc
What is meant by the principle of minimum dose?
The goal of a homoeopath is to use least number of medicines, smallest amount and fewest repetitions necessary to restore health.
What is client hypersensitivity?
Quick and rapid and heightened reactions produced to various stimuli.
What is client hyposensitivity?
Slow and sluggish physical and mental reactions to various stimuli.
What dose for hypersensitive Pt?
Low potencies, smaller doses and less repetition for clients with high sensitivity.
What dose for hyposensitive PT?
High potencies, large doses and frequent repetitions for clients with low sensitivity.
Egs of homeopathic aggravations?
A primary action with temporary increase in similar symptoms
OR – A hypersensitive patient who will require lower potencies.
Principle of single medicines?
Principle to prescribe single remedy prescription, also called classical homoeopathy.
What is complex prescribing and when/how is it used?
involves use of more than one remedies.
· Usually used in low potencies – formulas and complexes
· Disease based
· Combine homoeopathy with nutritional or herbal formulas.
What is hormesis phenomenon?
Dose: potency relationship is biphasic – low doses stimulate and high doses inhibit/aggravate/toxic.
What is A) Low potency scales B) Low to moderate pot. scales C) High Potencies ??
Low = 3C, 6C, 12C
Low to Moderate = 30C, 200C
High = above 200C
Therapeutic Guidelines for Acute prescribing?
· Acute remedies are usually prescribed for acute problems or acute exacerbations of chronic problems.
· Acute conditions require frequent repetitions, and frequency of these repetitions needs to be judged based on the intensity of signs and symptoms.
· Higher potencies are prescribed in high intensity of signs and symptoms.
Constitutional medicine
Mental and physical attributes of a patient in an healthy state.
Fundamental prescribing?
mental and physical symptoms experienced by a patient during an illness
Lesional prescribing?
symptoms and characteristics of disease
Organopathy prescribing?
prescribing is based on organ similarity rather than symptom similarity. Used for supporting a specific organ
Aetiological prescribing?
prescribing based on the aetiology/causation of the disease rather than on the presenting symptoms
Isopathy
Medicine made from same disease causing agent
Tautopathy
potentized medicine from a drug/toxin. Eg – side effects of a particular pharmaceutical drug or toxin effects etc
What does Aphorism 153 mean?
Individualised medicine.
Striking, characteristic, odd, unusual signs/symptoms should be kept in view and matched with a similar medicine exhibiting similar signs/symptoms to be prescribed to that individual. Whereas, common signs/symptoms of a disease deserve less attention unless really characteristic/important.
What does PQRS mean?
Peculiar, queer, rare, striking/strange. These are important in homoeopathic prescribing
What are LSMC symptoms?
Location, sensation, modality and concomitant (accompanying features) LSMC together makes a complete symptom
What is Kent’s hierarchy of symptoms?
o PQRS symptoms – highly characteristic symptoms help choose a characteristic similar remedy
o Mental Emotional – symptoms related to intellect, emotions and the mind
o Physical general – characteristic physical symptoms not specific to any organ or body system eg – sleep, thermals etc
o Physical particular – affecting a particular location or a tissue type eg – ear, head, mouth etc
o Common – common symptoms, uncharacteristic
What is Hering’s Principle?
One of the guiding principles of homeopathy which delineates patterns in the change of symptoms that indicate a curative process is occurring. The four patterns of cure are: symptoms moving from the top of the body downward, symptoms moving from inner or central parts of the body outward or toward the peripheral parts, symptoms shifting from essential parts or organs to less essential, and symptoms appearing in reverse chronological order.
What is genus epidemics & how is treated?
The group of symptoms which characterizes an epidemic. This ‘symptom complex’ is then used to select a particular homeopathic remedy which can be used both curatively and prophylactically during the epidemic.
Disease classifications
- Acute disease
- Chronic disease
- Non-communicable disease
- Classification based on epidemiology
Classifications of chronic disease?
- Miasmatic – further exploration on whether single or multiple miasm involvement
- Non-miasmatic – diet, lifestyle issues where advise/referral is important to remove the maintaining cause
Who is Wilhelm Schuessler?
first invented 12 inorganic mineral salts (tissue salts) and used them for homoeopathic as well as nutritional therapy.
Who is Maurice Blackmore?
an Australian naturopath further developed these mineral salts into more material doses and produced range of celloids.
What is similar aggravation?
This is an aggravation of existing symptoms produced by the remedy – indicative of correct remedy but wrong potency
What is dissimilar aggravation?
This is an aggravation produces with appearance of new symptoms. It is not a natural course of the disease but clearly produced by the remedy – indicative of wrong remedy.
Define Chronic disease?
Applies to illnesses with long lasting and persistent effects.
What is a Miasm?
Hahnemann described the causative agent of a disease as a ‘Miasm’
an underlying pattern of energy. These patterns of energy are similar in nature to specific diseases.
Categories of true chronic diseases caused by Miasms?
- Veneral – Causative factors for syphilis and sycosis diseases.
- Non-Veneral – Single deep seated chronic disease process called as ‘Psora’ miasm
Groups of homeopathic medicines?
- System approach
- Symptom approach
- Relationship to other remedies
- Kingdom of Nature
- Disease products – Nosodes
- Physiological relationships – sphere of action – inimical (similar), antidotes, follows well etc
- Periodic Table – mineral grouping
- Cations and Anions and common element grouping
- Themes
What makes up a successful similium?
Good selection of a medicine, its potency, dosage, and repetition are all part of a successful simillimum
What are homeopathic reactions?
the “cured” provers who have received the simillimum medicine. They do not exhibit any new symptoms. They will lose existing symptoms.
What are antipathic reactions?
Amelioration of symptoms followed by an aggravation of the provers’ symptoms, which may need to be antidoted.
What are allopathic reactions?
most common type of reaction.
What is potentisation?
is the process, by which a substance is serially diluted and succussed in order to “develop.. (the) medicinal power” of the substance and render it safe and effective for medicinal use in humans.
What is a mother tincture?
raw extract derived from plant based medicines in an alcohol base, before any potentisation has taken place.
What is the X scale ratio?
1:9
What is the C scale ratio?
1:99
What is the Q scale ratio?
1:50,000
What is succussion?
term given to “striking” the bottle “against a hard but elastic” surface, following each dilution
Difference between CH & CK?
CH = hahnemann method - new bottle is used with each dilution CK = Korsakoff method - same bottle is used by tipping out the contents
When to select low potency?
- Gradual onset of disease
- Slow pace of disease
- Structural pathology
- Chronic aetiology
- Few characteristic symptoms
- Distant simile or low confidence in RX
- History of suppression
- Addiction
- Low vitality
- Elderly, sluggish people
When to select high potency?
- Rapid onset of disease
- Rapid pace of disease
- Functional pathology
- Acute aetiology
- Many characteristic symptoms
- Simillium or high confidence
- Absence of suppression
- Non-addiction
- Strong vitality
- Children, vigorous people
What situations is repetition of dose more commonly required?
Where improvement is more gradual When obstacles to recovery exist In Acute disease Excessive symptoms When rapid results are needed Chronic structural pathology
When to use more succussions?
More succussions = more dynamisation, more change.
Used for hyposensitives or those with high vitality (eg 12 succussions).
When to use less succussions?
Less succussions = Less dyanmisation, less change.
Used for hypersensitive and those with low vitality (eg. 2 succussions)
Define endemic disease?
Diseases where the infectious agent is present in the population of a given geographical area constantly
What is sporadic diseases?
Diseases that occur infrequently or irregularly