Final Exam Flashcards

(69 cards)

1
Q

Know who started CATV and where and why

A
  • CATV was started by John and Margaret Walson, in Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania (in 1948).
  • It was started because the residents had problems receiving the 3 nearly Philadelphia network stations because of the mountains.
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2
Q

What does CATV stand for

A

-Community Antenna Television

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3
Q

Know the name of the company that started CATV and what this company did

A

-the Service Electric Company; The Walsons erected an antenna on a utility pole on one of the mountain tops that enabled the Walsons to demonstrated how TV’s worked.

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4
Q

Know who was the first to distribute Pay TV programming HBO

A

The Walsons

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5
Q

What did cable operators find out that CATV did that local broadcaster couldn’t

A

-They could carry more channels (12 at first) than the local broadcasters (6-8 in the ‘50s).

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6
Q

In 1972, what did the FCC allow CATV to do

A

-They could expand in the top 100 markets.

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7
Q

What did the FCC tell CATV operators they need to do

A

-They needed to provide at least one public/educational/government channel.

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8
Q

Know what the Must Carry Rules are

A

-Must Carry Rules: Mandated that cable companies carry various local and public television stations within a cable provider’s service area..60 miles..later changed to 50 mile radius.

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9
Q

Why was the Must Carry Rules established

A

-This was to ensure that local TV stations didn’t lose Market Share.

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10
Q

Know what the Communications Act of 1992 did for CATV

A

-Allowed cable systems to drop redundant carriage of signals where stations within this service are duplicated programming (amendment to must carry rule).

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11
Q

What is the only thing that the FCC regulates with CATV

A

-Basic rates for CATV

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12
Q

How does cable make money

A

-Monthly subscriptions for basic service, local ad sales, pay per view programming, internet and telephone provider.

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13
Q

Know when HBO started and where

A

New York City- 1972

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14
Q

When did HBO become a viable pay cable channel

A

1978

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15
Q

What was the first kids show on HBO

A

Fraggle Rock

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16
Q

Know when and where MTV started and they’re first slogan

A
  • Launched August 1st, 1981 in New York City.

- “I want my MTV” was first slogan.

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17
Q

When ESPN was launched

A

1979

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18
Q

When did ESPN begin 24 hour programming

A

-September 1, 1980

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19
Q

When did ABC purchase ESPN

A

1984

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20
Q

Know who was the first sports network to hire a woman anchor

A

ESPN

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21
Q

When did ESPN equal the subscribers of CNN

A

2007

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22
Q

Know all aspects of the Telecommunications Act of 1996

A

• First significant overhaul of US telecommunications law in more than 60 years • Signed by Clinton • First time Internet was included • Allowed for media cross ownership • The primary goal was to deregulate the broadcasting and telecommunications markets • This act forced local telephone companies to share their line with competitors at regulated rates

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23
Q

Know about Title 5 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996

A

• Title 5 of this act aimed to regulate Internet indecency and obscenity • Ruled unconstitutional by us Supreme Court for violating the 1st amendment.

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24
Q

When did cable move from coaxial cable to fiber optic

A

1992

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25
What was the first cable tv show that received an Emmy Award
Mad Men won for outstanding drama
26
What is the annual number of text messages in US
2.27 trillion
27
Know order of the list of the largest TV subscribers
• Comcast is the largest, 23 millon subscribers - DirectTV: 19 million - Dish Network: 14.2 million - Timewarner: 13.5 million - Cox communications: 4.9 million - Netflix: 20 million and shrinking... Wade doesn’t know why Netflix, Hulu, etc aren’t catching on quicker... & neither do I
28
Know what Arthur C. Clarke did
-In 1945, (author of 2001, A Space Odyssey) he wrote articles that by placing 3 space platforms into special orbits 22,300 miles above the equator, worldwide communications could be received.
29
Which country was the first to explore the theory of DBS
The Russians
30
What was the worlds first satellite name and when was it lunched
Sputnik, October 4th, 1957
31
What was the US’s first satellite and when it was launched
Explorer 1, January 1st, 1958
32
What was the name of the first communications satellite and who developed it
-Syncom 11 was developed by a group of business and government agencies for the direct purpose of communications for the military.
33
Know when the first satellite communication was and who it was between
Was on July 26, 1963 between a US Navy Ship in Nigeria and a US army naval station in New Jersey.
34
What decade did the TV industry begin using satellite on a regular basis
Mid-1970s
35
Know what Geosynchronous orbit is
To have a satellite hover over one spot on the equator.
36
What did HBO do in 1975
Made history by initiating satellite delivery of programming to cable with the heavyweight boxing match known as “the Thriller from Manilla”-Joe Frazier vs. Muhammad Alli.
37
Know who Taylor Howard is and what he did and why 1976 is important
- He is a Stanford University Professor and Former NASA scientist; considered to be the “father of satellite TV.” - He created the 1st consumer Direct to Home (DTH) satellite system in his garage. - He wrote a $100 check to HBO for the movies he watched on his system..HBO returned his check..they only dealt with large companies. - He published a how-to manual on his system, which people copied---showed how to develop satellite TV.
38
Know when Pat Robertson launched the first satellite delivered Christian Broadcast channel
1977
39
When did PBS begin using satellites
1978
40
Know the dates when the “Big Dish” sales soared
1981-1985
41
How much were these big dish systems
- Avg. cost of about $10,000. | - By 1985, fell to $3,000.
42
What was the big draw to the big dish systems
Programming was free
43
What did the Cable Act of 1984 do
- It allowed cable systems to encrypt their satellite feeds… scrambling became the way to deliver TV programs. - Free dish satellite TV programming was outlawed.
44
Know when Primestar started and who
-In the early 1990’s four large cable companies launched a DBS system called Primestar.
45
Know when Directv started and who they bought
In 1994, Hughes Direct TV was launched, and later purchased Primestar.
46
What advantage did the smaller dishes have over the larger ones
Greater picture and sound quality on a smaller dish
47
What did Directv pioneer
the development of the 18" dish
48
When was Dish Network formed
1996
49
Know what SHVIA is and when it started
- November 1999, Congress passed the Satellite Home Viewer Improvement Act. - It permits satellite TV companies to provide local TV stations signals to their subscribers in that stations market or DMA.
50
What are the future plans for DBS
- More music stations (home and car) - More internet and possible phone service - Satellite signals to car and GPS - Satellite signal to smartphones ( Dish launches $25.5 billion bid for Sprint)..
51
When was the Internet built and for who
1960s it was built to be a military communication network
52
Know what Arpanet is and why it was built
-The defense department which advanced research on projects agency (ARPA) begins research on distributed communication network (ARPANET)
53
When was email invented and by who
1970, Ray Tomlinson
54
Who picked the @ symbol to be used in emails
Ray Tomlinson
55
When did IBM bring their PC to market
1981
56
What did TIME magazine do in 1982
They named the computer the man of the year
57
What happened in 1987 concerning email
email link was established between China & Germany
58
What is Gopher
First search engine
59
When was “Surfing the net” coined
1992
60
When did the White House start public email…
1992
61
What did Pizza Hut do in 1994
Made it possible to order pizza online
62
What is Mosaic
-First graphic based web browser (software to navigate the web); was launched to get rid of gopher.
63
Know when Netscape began and what their credited for
- 1994 | - Credited for developing secure sockets layer protocol (SSL) for securing online communications.
64
When did Internet Explorer begin
1995
65
How do search engines work
-Rely on people to review and catalogue webs sites, creating categories with hierarchical topic structures.
66
When did Google start
1998
67
How do search engines make money
-“sponsored links”; click=money
68
Myths about search engines....
- Impartial information tools - Search the entire web, pick most relevant results - Vary greatly, offer choice and competition…
69
Know what Net Neutrality is
- Every website regardless of who owns it is entitled to the same internet network speed and access. - Major telephone, cable companies don’t agree. - At &T, Verizon, Comcast and timer warner want to decide which sites go fast, slow, etc. based on payment. - Limit access to information, competition…