Final Exam

Question 1

electron geometries

Answer 1

2 domains: linear
3 domains: trigonal planar
4 domains: tetrahedral
5 domains: trigonal bipyramidal
6 domains: octahedral

Question 2

linear molecular geometry

Answer 2

2 situations-both 180 degrees

1. 2 bonding groups, 0 lone pairs, nonpolar
2. 2 bonding groups, 3 lone pairs, polar

Question 3

trigonal planar molecular geometry(pairs, angle and polarity)

Answer 3

3 bonding pairs, 0 lone pairs, 120 degrees, nonpolar

Question 4

bent molecular geometry(pairs, angle and polarity)

Answer 4

2 situations

1. 2 bonded pairs, 1 lone pair, <120 degrees, polar
2. 2 bonded pairs, 2 lone pairs, «109.5 degrees, polar

Question 5

tetrahedral molecular geometry(pairs, angle and polarity)

Answer 5

4 bonded pairs, 0 lone pairs, 109.5 degrees, nonpolar

Question 6

trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry(pairs, angle and polarity)

Answer 6

3 bonding pairs, 1 lone pair, <109.5 degrees, polar

Question 7

trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry(pairs, angle and polarity)

Answer 7

5 bonded pairs, 0 lone pairs, 120 degrees for equitorial bonds, 90 degrees for axial bonds, nonpolar

Question 8

seesaw molecular geometry(pairs, angle and polarity)

Answer 8

4 bonded pairs, 1 lone pair, <120 degrees for equitorial, <109.5 degrees for axial bonds, polar

Question 9

T-shaped molecular geometry(pairs, angle and polarity)

Answer 9

3 bonding pairs, 2 lone pairs, <90 degrees, polar

Question 10

octahedral molecular geometry(pairs, angle and polarity)

Answer 10

6 bonding pairs, 0 lone pairs, 90 degres, nonpolar

Question 11

square pyramidal molecular geometry(pairs, angle and polarity)

Answer 11

5 bonding pairs, 1 lone pair, <90 degrees, polar

Question 12

square planar molecular geometry(pairs, angle and polarity)

Answer 12

4 bonding pairs, 2 lone pairs, 90 degrees, NONpolar

Question 13

principle quantum number

Answer 13

n, defines energy levels

Question 14

angular momentum quantum number

Answer 14

l, defines subshells, ranges from 0 to n-1
0=s
1=p
2=d
3=f
4=g

Question 15

magnetic quantum number

Answer 15

ml, ranges from -l to l

Question 16

spin quantum number

Answer 16

ms, value of + or - 1/2,

Question 17

ionization energy trend+equation

Answer 17

increases going up and to the right

X(g) = X^+(g) + e-

Question 18

effective nuclear charge definition+trend

Answer 18

increases going up and to the right

the charge an electron experiences from being attracted to the nucleus and from being repelled by other electrons

Question 19

electron affinity definition+equation+trend

Answer 19

energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a gaseous atom
X(g)+e- = X-(g)
Cl- has most electron affinity, halogens(17) have highest of all columns, then column 16 then column 1. Column 2 has 0 or almost 0 electron affinity.

Question 20

absorbing vs emitting energy

Answer 20

Absorption: increase n

Emission: decrease n

Question 21

ion dipole interaction

Answer 21

ions and polar solvents

Question 22

dipole dipole interactions

Answer 22

two polar molecules being attracted to each other

Question 23

H bond

Answer 23

H bonded to F, N or O

Question 24

lattice energy/enthalpy including reaction

Answer 24

🔼Hlattice, always negative, M+(g) + X-(g) = MX(s) whem neagtive, opposite if positive

Question 25

🔼Hhydration

Answer 25

enthalpy change that occurds when gases are dissolved in water M+(g) + X-(g) = M+(aq) + X-(aq) **charges can differ

Question 26

🔼Hsolution equation with lattice energy and enthalpy of hydration

Answer 26

🔼Hsolution=🔼Hhydration + 🔼Hlattice 🔼Hsolution is much smalle rin magnitude than 🔼Hhydration and 🔼Hlattice

Question 27

🔼Hlattice trend

Answer 27

increases as charge difference increases, decreases as atomic radius increases

Question 28

🔼Hhydratiobn trends

Answer 28

inverse relationship with atomic radius

Question 29

difference between voltaic and electrolytic cell

Answer 29

not spontaneous, takes energy from surroundings, negatively charged cathode and postively charged anode

Question 30

corrosion

Answer 30

a sacrificial anode with a lower reduction potential can be in contact with what is being corroded, and the corroding substance will become the cathode and no longer corrode

Question 31

ionic compound properties

Answer 31

1. hard 2. brittle 3. high boiling/melting points 4. conduct electricity when dissolved in water

Question 32

properties of covalent compounds

Answer 32

1. low melting/boiling points 2. brittle 3. poor conductors of heat and electricity evenw hen dissolved in water