Final Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Lu Xun/ Chen Duxiu/ New Youth
A
New Youth was a magazine started by Chen Duxiu to spread the cultural movement (1910s and 20s)
- Youth is like early spring
- Be progressive, not conservative
- Be aggressive, not retiring
- Be autonomous, not servile
- The biggest problem was the Chinese traditional culture
- Young people blamed Chinese culture + Confucianism
Saw as repressive, making Chinese problems worse
Chen Duxiu was also a founder of the communist party
Lu Xun wrote for the paper, and wrote short stories condemning traditional Chinese values
2
Q
May Fourth Movement
A
- Intellectual revolution from 1917-21, that focused on national independence, emancipation of the individual, and rebuilding society and culture
- Attacked confucianism and embraced western ideals like science and democracy
- May 4th 1919- in response to the treaty that ended WWI (wanted to give a province in China to Japan) college students held mass demonstrations
3
Q
Chiang Kai-shek
A
- Head of the nationalist government of China from 1928 to 1949
- Helped to overthrow the Manchus and start the republic- lead the northern expedition
- Succeeded Sun Yat-Sen
- Chiang’s government concentrated on battling Communism within China as well as confronting Japanese aggression
- Civil war broke out in 1946, ending in a victory by Mao Zedong’s Communist forces and the creation of the People’s Republic of China. From 1949 until his death, Chiang led the KMT government in exile in Taiwan, which many countries continued to recognize as China’s legitimate government
4
Q
Mao Zedong
A
- Leader of the Chinese Communist party from 1935 on and chairman of the People’s Republic of China
- Recognized that majority of the population were the peasants
- And the peasants were the most oppressed
- Formed the People’s Republic of China in 1949
5
Q
The Northern Expedition (1926-7)
A
- Campaign of the Chinese Nationalist Party- aided by the Soviets
- Defeated warlords first and then turned on the British imperial power
- The nationalist party eventually turned on the communists and the alliance ended
6
Q
Long March (1934-5)
A
- Trek of the Chinese communists as they relocated their base
- Fought the nationalist party along the way
- Established Mao as the clear leader
- Mao developed guerilla warfare so were able to fight off the nationalist attacks
7
Q
Nanjing Massacre (1937)
A
- After capturing Nanjing, the Japanese killed masses and raped them
- During the Sino-Japanese war, right before world war2
- Nanjing had been capital of Nationalist China
8
Q
The Chinese Civil War (1945-9)
A
- Nationalists vs communists
- They had cooperated while Japan was occupying, but after WW2, and Japan left, they started fighting for power
9
Q
Reform and Opening Up
A
- Program of economic reform led by Deng Xiaoping
- Opening up of country to foreign investments, entrepreneurs could start businesses
- Privatization and contracting out of much state-owned industry, lifting of price controls
- Lower poverty rates, higher average incomes
10
Q
Tiananmen Movement (1989)
A
- University students wanted political and economic reform
- Wanted more individual rights and freedoms
- Country had experienced decade of remarkable economic growth, Chinese had been exposed to foreign ideas and standards of living
- Price inflation, corrupt government officials
- After the death of a martyr, the protests began
- Weren’t violent at first, but then the government attacked
11
Q
Triple Intervention
A
- Diplomatic intervention by Russia, German, and France in 1895 over the terms of the Treaty of Shimonoseki signed by Japan and Qing China that ended the first Sino Japanese War
- The Japanese were against the Triple Intervention and it became one of the underlying issues in the subsequent Russo-Japanese War
- Granted Japan the Liaodong Peninsula
- Russia became concerned about growing Japanese influence in the area, meaning Korea and Manchuria, and persuaded France and Germany to apply diplomatic pressure on Japan for the return of Territory to China in exchange for larger indemnity
12
Q
Ito Hirobumi
A
- Japanese prince, educated in London and an influential figure during the Meiji Restoration, 1st resident-general, sent to be governor of Korea, later Japanese prime minister
- Took control of Korean diplomacy and security, planning to turn Korean into a de facto colony
- Chaired the bureau which drafted the Meiji Constitution in the 1880s
Took inspiration from the west - Saw the US as too liberal and Spanish too despotic
Drafted largely on the British and German constitutions - Assassinated in 1909 during his visit to Manchuria
- Ended the protectorate status
- Japan made moves to make Korea its direct colony
13
Q
Mukden Incident (1931)
A
- Japanese troops seized a Manchurian city and then invaded
- Japanese military attempt to destroy a railway owned by the Japanese South Manchuria Railway that didn’t do any real damage to the railway.
- The Japanese Army accused the Chinese of an attack and responded with an invasion and occupation of Manchuria which eventually became a puppet state.
- Deception later discovered leading to diplomatic isolation and a withdrawal from the league of nations.
14
Q
Modern Girl
A
- Japanese women who followed western fashion trends and lifestyles in the 1920s.
- By viewing women through a Japanese vs Western lens, nationalists used it as an opportunity to blame modern society for selfishness due to foreign influence.
- Led to a working class of young women with access to money and consumer goods
- Led to condemnation as “not Japanese”
15
Q
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
A
- Idea promulgated to the areas that Japan occupied from 1930 to 1945
- Promoted the cultural and economic unity
- Focused on freedom and independence from western colonial oppression
