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LINGUIST 1AA3 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

phonetics

A

study of speech sounds

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2
Q

phonology

A

organization of sounds in the mind

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3
Q

morphology

A

strategies that languages use to form meaningful words

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4
Q

syntax

A

ways we combine words to create phrases and sentences

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5
Q

Semantics

A

how meaningful words and sentences are organized in the mind

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6
Q

3 mechanisms need to produce speech sounds

A

repiration
phonation
articulation

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7
Q

IPA provides

A

a 1:1 mapping between symbol and sound

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8
Q

voiced

A

vocal cords close and vibrate

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9
Q

voiceless

A

vocal folds open

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10
Q

whisper

A

vocal cords partially closed

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11
Q

vocal tracts primary functions

A

eating and breathing

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12
Q

consonant

A

vocal tract obstructed

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13
Q

vowel

A

vocal tract unobstructed

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14
Q

glides

A

[j] [w]

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15
Q

syllable

A

the peak of sonority

onsets are greedy (start)

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16
Q

bilabial

A

lips

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17
Q

labiodental

A

lips and teeth

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18
Q

alveolar

A

tongue and alveolar ridge

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19
Q

post-alveolar

A

tongue and behind the alveolar ridge

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20
Q

palatal

A

palate and tongue [j]

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21
Q

velar

A

tongue and velar [g] [k]

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22
Q

glottal

A

larynx

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23
Q

liquids

A

[l] [ɹ]

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24
Q

stops

A

completely disturbed airflow

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25
Q

nasal

A

allowing air to flow through the nasal cavity

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26
Q

fricative

A

air flows turbulently through small space between articulators

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27
Q

approximant

A

articulators close

smooth air flow

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28
Q

lateral approximant

A

air flows beside the tongue with tongue on the alveolar

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29
Q

trill

A

articulators together with rapid vibrations

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30
Q

flap

A

short sound so air pressure does not build up

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31
Q

affricate

A

release of stop slowly

32
Q

vowel properties

A

1) tongue height
2) tongue backness
3) rounding
4) tense / lax

33
Q

stressed syllable

A

longer

pretend you’re calling you’re dog

34
Q

most to least sonorous

A

1) vowels
2) nasals / liquids
3) glides
4) fricatives
5) flaps
6) stops

35
Q

Major Diphthongs

A

[aɪ] [aʊ] [ɔɪ]

36
Q

broad transcription

A

no diacritics or reductions

phonemic

37
Q

narrow transcription

A

include diacritics and reductions

phonetic

38
Q

syllabic consonant diacritic

A

m̩ (the line underneath)

39
Q

aspiration diacritic

A

pʰ tʰ kʰ

at the onset of word or onset of a stressed syllable

40
Q

devoiced diacritic

A

l̥ when a typical voiced sound becomes devoiced

41
Q

rhotic diacritic

A

ɝ

42
Q

unreleased diacritic

A

p̚

43
Q

nasalized diacritic

A

æ̃

44
Q

suprasegmental information

A

pitch
loudness
length

45
Q

contrast

A

if 2 phonemes in an identical word produce different meaning there is contrast and therefore they would be 2 different phonemes

46
Q

minimal pairs

A 
2 words
identical in all ways but one
a phonemic difference or not?
if yes then is a minimal pair 
(e.g. fan and van)
47
Q

allophones

A

segments that are phonetically different from each other that the mental grammar treats as members of the same category (e.g. t and tʰ and ɾ)

48
Q

complementary distribution

A

each segment appears in its own environment but never in the others

49
Q

3 major features

A

consonant
sonorant
syllabic

50
Q

derivation equation

A 
A > B  /  X _ Y
this class of sound becomes this class of sound in this environment
51
Q

the hardest part of L2 to learn

A

phonology

52
Q

babies learn L1 categories by ___

A

1 year

53
Q

accents and voices impact what ___

A

what we expect people to look like

54
Q

we need to ______ better

A

listen

55
Q

resume whitening

A

using a white name to try and increase the chance of getting called back for an interview

56
Q

certain accents hold _____

A

stigmas

57
Q

habituation technique

A

power of suck increases if interested, habituate once sucking strength decreases (older use looking technique)

58
Q

morpheme

A

the smallest part of words with meaning

59
Q

allophormy

A

predicatable variation, vary dependent on enviroment (a vs an)

60
Q

derivation affixation

A

a new word that is related to the original word but normally moved to a different category (teach (verb) > teacher (noun)

61
Q

affix

A

bound morpheme attached to the base

62
Q

base

A

what affix attaches to

63
Q

root

A

the core of the complex word

64
Q

fuck insertion

A

expletive infixation
abso-fucking-lutely
unconscious systematic principles

65
Q

co-articulation

A

the articulation of every speech sounds before and after it

66
Q

anticipatory assimilation

A

sounds become more similar based on what sound is coming up in the word. becoming more like the sound that comes before it

67
Q

preservatory assimilation

A

sounds from one segment carry into the next segment

68
Q

vowel reduction

A

the vowel in unstressed syllable often reduced to ə

69
Q

deletion

A

vowel reduced so much its deleted

70
Q

epenthesis

A

adding in extra speech sounds

71
Q

metathesis

A

mixing up the position of speech segments

72
Q

lexical tone

A

differences in pitch leads to differences in word meaning

73
Q

intonition

A

differences in pitch can signal discourse level information

74
Q

is length contrastive in english?

A

no

75
Q

inflectional derivation

A

morphemes that add grammatical information

LINGUIST 1AA3 (2 decks)

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