Final Exam

Question 1

Neural flossing: two nerves to test

Answer 1

Median nerve

Sciatic nerve

Question 2

Median Nerve route

Answer 2

C-spine –> scalenes –> under clavicle –> medial side of upper arm –> cross over at the elbow –> anterior side of the forearm –> thumb

Question 3

sciatic nerve route

Answer 3

head –> spine –> glutes–> hamstrings –> calves

Question 4

Common features to WAD

Answer 4

neck pain
dizziness
headaches
weakness
stiffness
altered sensation in the arms

Question 5

grading system of WAD

Answer 5

1. subjective symptoms with objective signs
2. +MSK
3. • neurological condition
4. fracture/dislocation

Question 6

cervicogenic headache

Answer 6

a headache arising from the cervical spine caused by a mis-mapping of information at the trigemino-cervical nucleus

Question 7

cervical artery dissection

Answer 7

compression of the carotid or arterial arteries caused by extension and rotation

Question 8

should ROMS

Answer 8

F: 180
E: 60
IR: 70
ER: 90
Ad: 180
Ab: 0

Question 9

scapular dyskinesis types

Answer 9

I: inferior angle
II: medial border
III: superior angle
IV: normal

Question 10

GH instability causes

Answer 10

1. TUBS
2. AMBRI
3. Adaptive instability

Question 11

tubs

Answer 11

traumatic unilateral bankart surgery

Question 12

AMBRI

Answer 12

atraumatic multidimensional bilateral rehabilitative inferior capsular shift

Question 13

What kind of athlete is prone to a GH instability?

Answer 13

overhead athletes: volleyball players, swimmers, baseball pitchers

Question 14

risky ranges of motion for GH instability

Answer 14

external rotation and abduction

Question 15

what to do in the:
1-3 weeks 
4-6 weeks
7+ weeks
after a GH instability issue

Answer 15

1-3 weeks: immobilize
4-6 weeks: add in ROM <90 degrees Can do Abduction OR external rotation
7+ weeks: do all ROMs cautiously

Question 16

impingement types

Answer 16

1. posterior inferior impingement

2. subacromial impingement

Question 17

posterior inferior impingement structures

Answer 17

1. infraspinatus
2. supraspinatus
3. labrum

Question 18

subacromial impingement structures

Answer 18

1. supraspinatus
2. subacromial bursa
3. long head biceps tendon

Question 19

subacromial impingement cause

Answer 19

abduction and flexion

Question 20

PII causes

Answer 20

cross extension flexion and abduction

Question 21

Scapular dyskinesis that causes impingment

Answer 21

1. XS anterior tilt
2. limited superior rotation
3. Winging
4. XS protraction
5. XS elevation

Question 22

Humeral mechanims contributing to impingment

Answer 22

1. anterior translation
2. superior translation
3. GIRD
4. limited external rotation

Question 23

How to treat shoulder issues in order of healing

Answer 23

1. early healing ROM work

2. Elevation ROMs to address abduction and flexion and scapular plane work

Question 24

4 arcs of motion to work through

Answer 24

1. 0-45
2. 45-90
3. 90-120
4. 120-150

Question 25

When doing RT work for internal rotation of the shoulder, what should you watch for?

Answer 25

anterior tilt of the scapula

Question 26

When doing RT for external rotation of the shoulder, what should you watch for

Answer 26

anterior translation of the humerus

Question 27

when doing tricep dips, ____ is focused in the ECC contraction of the biceps and _____ is focused on the CON contraction. What should you emphasize for tendon pathology? How many reps and sets should you do?

Answer 27

``` ECC = down CON = up ``` emphasize on the down 3 sets of 15 2 x a day to tolerable discomfort

Question 28

What does gravity want of the T-spine when you enter shoulder flexion? abduction?

Answer 28

flexion: gravity wants t-spine flexion Abduction: gravity wants ipsilateral side flexion

Question 29

3 common issues of the knee

Answer 29

1. anterior knee pain 2. ACL reconstruction 3. osteoarthritis

Question 30

causes of anterior knee pain

Answer 30

1. valgus/varus 2. shifting of tibia or femur 3. weak hip muscles (abductors and extensors) 4. weak knee extensors relative to flexors 5. lateral thigh restriction 6. pronation of foot 7. stiff rectus femoris

Question 31

3 types of ACL surgery

Answer 31

1. bone-tendon-bone 2. semitendinosus gracilus tendon 3. allograft tendon

Question 32

in the 1st 2 weeks post-op on a knee for ACL, what are the things to focus on? 6

Answer 32

1. control pain and swelling 2. activate quads to prevent atrophy (JCM or NMES) 3. crutches and bracing 4. progress to WB 5. ROM aim to reach 90 degrees flexion 7. no WB extension and only activate up to terminal 40 degrees

Question 33

2-12 weeks post knee op

Answer 33

1. normalize gait 2. balance work 3. quad resistance training 4. hamstring resistance training 5. hip resistance training

Question 34

12+ weeks post knee op

Answer 34

1. interval treadmill running 2. skip/hop 3. multiplane agility 4. RTS functional check

Question 35

osteoarthritis presentation

Answer 35

1. swollen knee 2. loss of contours 3. valgus/varus

Question 36

what are the changes at the tissue level for OA?

Answer 36

1. bone grate on bone causing the formation of sclerosis and oseophytes 2. degeneration of the menisci 3. rough cartilage 4. failure of smooth cartilage 5. stiffening of the joint capsule 6. decrease in joint space 7. change in tibia and femur angulation

Question 37

risk factors for OA

Answer 37

1. varus/valgus knee 2. chronic inflammation 3. high BMI (<27kg/m2)

Question 38

3 main challenges of OA

Answer 38

1. manage pain and swelling 2. ROM 3. Maintaining strength and mobility for ADL

Question 39

ROM tools for knee

Answer 39

1. knee wall slides 2. stationary bike 3. overpressure knee prop 4. straight leg raise 5. kneeling lunge 6. foam roller for lateral thigh 7. downward dog

Question 40

Resistance exercise for knee

Answer 40

1. posterior knee press with towel 2. short arc quadriceps 3. squat 4. lunge/split squat 5. leg press 6. step up/down 7. heel drag 8. supine bridge 9. prone hamstring curl 10. nordic hamstring curls 10 side-lying leg raise 12. clamshells 13. tip toe walking 14. short foot exercise

Question 41

ROM for knee

Answer 41

F: 135 E: 10 IR: 30 ER: 40

Question 42

ROM for hip

Answer 42

``` F: 120 E: 60 IR: 45 ER: 45 Ab: 45 Ad: 30 ```

Question 43

ROM for ankle

Answer 43

Df: 20 Pf: 50 E: 30 I: 15