Final Exam Flashcards
1
Q
m/c appendicular BBT
A
osteochondroma
2
Q
pedunculated (coat hanger exostosis/cauliflower) or sessile
A
osteochondroma
3
Q
hereditary multiple exostosis are multiple what?
A
esteochondromas
4
Q
Centrally located diaphyseal/metaphyseal lesion w/ fallen fragment sign
A
simple bone cyst
5
Q
Eccentrically located diaphyseal/metaphyseal lesion in <20 yo.
A
aneurysmal bone cyst
6
Q
epiphyseal/metaphaseal associated with soap bubble appearance
A
giant cell tumor
7
Q
radiolucent central nidus withs severe reactive sclerosis w/ night pain relieved by aspirin
A
osteoid osteoma
8
Q
night pain relieved by aspirin and appears like an osteoid osteoma.
A
Brodie’s abscess
9
Q
m/c BBT of the hand (stippled)
A
enchomdroma
10
Q
multiple enchomdromas is called?
A
Ollier’s disease
11
Q
what % of Ollier’s goes malignant?
A
10-50%
12
Q
what % of Ollier’s goes malignant?
A
10-50%
13
Q
Ollier’s with calcification
A
Maffucci’s synd
14
Q
m/c spinal BBT w/ vertical striations known as “corduroy cloth” appearance
A
hemangioma
15
Q
round/ablong radiopaque lesion (bone island)
A
enostoma
16
Q
multiple bone islands
A
osteopoikilosis
17
Q
m/c BBT of the neural arch
A
osteoblastoma
18
Q
m/c skull BBT (particularly frontal sinus)
A
osteoma
19
Q
osteomas are best seen on what projection?
A
Caldwell
20
Q
physiological resorption of normal bone replaced by fibrous tissue
A
fibrous dysplasia
21
Q
Saber shin tibia, Sheppard’s crook, “ground glass”, cafe au lait spots with “Coast of Main” appearance.
A
fibrous dysplasia
22
Q
Scoliosis, cervical kyphosis, vertebral body scalloping with IVF enlargement.
A
neurofibromatosis
23
Q
“cafe au lait” spots with “coast of California” appearance
A
neurofibromatosis
24
Q
50+ yo wth cachexia, weight loss, and anemia
A
Multiple myeloma
25
m/c primary malignancy of bone with malignant proliferation of plasma cells into bone marrow
Multiple myeloma
26
"punched out lesions", vertebral plana, and "rain drop skull".
Multiple myeloma
27
M spike, albumin/globulin ratio reversal, Bence-Jones proteinuria, elevated ESR.
Multiple myeloma
28
m/c malignant tumor of bone
metastatic disease (lytic/blastic)
29
40 + w/ recent unexplained weight loss and skeletal pain worse at night.
lytic metastasis
30
Moth eaten or permeative distruction. "swiss cheese" appearance on skull.
lytic metastasis
31
elevated alkaline phosphatase and + bone scan.
lytic metastasis
32
m/c form of metastasis in 20-40 yo w/ ivory white vertebrae and anterior body scalloping.
Hodgkins
33
Unilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and reed Sternberg cells
Hodgkin's
34
ivory white vertebrae w/ no cortical thickening or bone enlargement. (increased Alk Phos)
Blastic mets
35
Causes cortical thickening, picture frame vert, increased bone density, coarsened trabeculae, bone exapnsion, bowing deformities.
Paget's (Osteitis Deformans)
36
Stages of Paget's: 1-4
1. Lytic --> 2. Combined --> 3. Sclerotic --> 4. malignant (osteosarc)
37
m/c malignancy in children
osteosarcoma
38
spiculated/radiating/sunburst periosteal reaction in 10-30 yo
osteosarcoma
39
spiculated/radiating/sunburst periosteal reaction in 40 + yo
chondrosarcoma/fibrosarcoma
40
m/c in long bone diaphysis of 10-25 yo
Ewing's Sarcoma
41
Multi-paralleled onion skin (laminated) periosteal reaction w/ bone expansion, Codman's triangle, and saucerization.
Ewing's Sarcoma
42
Aberrrant notochordal cell tumor m/c found in sacrum of 40 + yo. (2nd m/c = skull)
chordoma
43
spinouses deviate toward concavity
rotatory scoliosis
44
spinouses deviate toward convexity
simple scoliosis
45
Cobb's and Risser Ferguson's are for?
scoliosis
46
Under 20 deg curve -->
adjust apex and monitor
47
21-40 deg curve -->
send to ortho for bracing (Milwaukee)
48
40 + curve -->
surgical consult
49
50 + curve -->
cardio-pulm compromize and DJD
50
Symmetrical/bilateral uniform j. loss, rat bite erosions, pannus, periarticular osteoporosis, DIP's spared, and atlanto-axial instability.
RA (Still's in children)
51
Haygarth's nodes in RA affect the?
MCP's
52
RA + dry eys/mouth =
Sjogren's
53
(+) chest expansion, Forester's Bowstring, and Lewin's supine
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)
54
b/l SI j. fusion (ghost j's)
AS
55
Shiny corner sign, b/l MARGINAL syndesmophytes, vertebral squaring, Bamboo spine, dagger sign, trolley track sing, and poker sign.
AS
56
identical to AS in pelvis + GI dysfunction
enteropathic arthropathy
57
males 20-50 with silver scaly ext. lesions, pitted nails, and sausage digits.
psoriatic arthritis
58
increased j. space, mouse ear deformity, pencil in cup deformity, Ray sign, atlanto-axial instability, NON-MARGINAL spinal syndesmophytes.
psoriatic arthritis
59
Males 20-30 w/ urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis, and Hx of chlamydia.
Reactive (Reiter's) arthritis
60
Calcaneal spur, fluffy periostitis, and NON-MARGINAL spinal syndesmophytes.
Reactive (Reiter's) arthritis
61
Females w/ sunlight induced malar/butterfly rash, oral ulcers, discoid lesions, alopecia, and Raynaud's.
SLE
62
+ rebound effect
ulcer deviation of phalanges w/o joint destruction (SLE)
63
females 30-50 with distal tufts erosions
Scleroderma (Progressive Systemic Sclerosis)
64
associated with CREST synd
Scleroderma (PSS)
65
+ FANA and + RA latex
Scleroderma (PSS)
66
b/l triangular sclerotic areas on lower 1/2 ilium with normal j. space.
osteitis condensans ilia
67
non-inflammatory stiffness in weight bearing j's that improve w/ activity
OA
68
IVD narrowing, osteophytes, and endplate sclerosis
Spinal DJD
69
hand OA creates what type of nodes?
Heberden's (DIP)
70
Hip OA
decreased superolateral j. space
71
knee OA
decreased medial j. space
72
40 + males with neck stiffness, painful swallowing, and often ossification of the PLL.
Diffuse Idiopathic Hyperostosis (DISH/Forestier's dz)
73
Flowing hyperostosis, candle wax, and 4 contiguous inovolved segments
DISH
74
6 D's of Neurogenic Arthropathy in weight bearing joints
Distention, Density of subchondral sclerosis, Debris in joint, Dislocation, Disorganization, Destruction of bone.
75
secondary to impaired sensory function in joints seen w/ diabetes, tabes dorsalis, syphilis, and syringomyelia.
Neurogenic Arthropathy (Charcot's Joint)
76
multiple round/ovoid loose bodies in a joint (knee m/c)
synoviochondrometaplasia
77
Painful/red/hot/swollen joint in 40 + male from overproduction of uric acid.
Gout
78
most common site of gout
1st MTP
79
overhanging margins and juxta-articular erosions
Gout
80
gout Tx?
Colchicine and allopurinol
81
thin linear calcification parallel to the articular cortex
CPPD (pseudogout)
82
CPPD of cartilage
chondrocalcinosis
83
chondrocalcinosis is m/c in the
knee
84
round/oval calcifications near bursa/tendon insertion m/c affecting the shoulder
Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease (HADD)
85
major cause of AVN is
trauma
86
healing time for AVN
8-24 months
87
AVN of carpal scaphoid
Preiser's
88
AVN of vertebral end plate epiphysis
Scheuermann's
89
AVN of femoral epiphysis
Legg Calve Perthes
90
AVN of tarsal navicular
Kohler's
91
AVN of carpal lunate
Keinboch's
92
calcaneus
Sever's
93
AVN of medial tibial condyle
Blount's
94
AVN of head of 2/3rd metatarsal
Freiberg's
95
AVN of articular surface of medial femoral condyle
osteochondritis dessicans
96
AVN of capitellum
Panner's
97
athletes 16-25 knee locks on ext and associated with Wilson's sign
osteochondritis dessicans
98
osteochondritis dessicans is best seen on what view?
tunnel
99
rounded shoulders, increased kyphosis, or young patient w/ back pain
scheuermann's dz
100
slight loss of anterior body height and multiple endplate irregularities
scheuermann's dz
101
AVN of the femoral head in 4-9 yo boys
Legg Calve Perthe's
102
fragmentation, flattening, whitening of the femora head and increase j. space
Legg Calve Perthe's
103
fragmentation of femoral head =
crescent sign
104
increased white density of femoral head =
snow capped
105
"A" brace is for?
Legg Calve Perthe's
106
femoral head slides inferior and medial femoral neck slides superior and lateral (SH type l)
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
107
Putti's triad: hypoplastic femoral head, shallow acetabular shelf, femoral head outside acetabulum.
congenital hip dysplasia
108
+ orthos for hip dysplasia
telescoping, Orolani's, Barlow's, and Allis.
109
axial migration of femoral head with uniform j. space loss
protrusio acetabuli
110
b/l protrusio acetabuli m/c with
RA
111
Fx with 2+ fragments
comminuted
112
Fx of 1st metacarpal
Bennett's
113
Fx of the 2nd or 3rd metacarpal
Boxer's
114
Fx of the 4th or 5th metacarpal
Bar room
115
m/c Fx carpal bone
schaphoid
116
Fx of the proximal ulna
nightstick
117
Fx of the ulna with radial head displacement
Monteggia
118
Fx of the distal 1/3 radius with dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint
Galeazzi
119
Fx of the distal radius with POSTERIOR displacement of the distal fragment
Colle's
120
Fx of the distal radius with ANTERIOR displacement of the distal fragment
Smith's
121
Stress Fx of the 2, 3, or 4th metatarsals
March
122
transverse Fx of the proximal 5th metatarsal
Jones
123
avulsion Fx of the SP (m/c C6-T1) from hyper-flexion
Clay Shoveler's
124
b/l pedicle Fx of C2 from hyper-extension
Hangman's
125
Fx's through anterior and posterior arches of atlas due to axial compression
Jefferson bursting
126
avulsion of dens tip
Type l odontoid Fx
127
Fx through dens base
Type ll odontoid Fx
128
Fx through C2 body
Type lll odontoid Fx
129
avulsion of anterior inferior vertebral body from hyper-extension m/c at C2
teardrop
130
tibial apophysitis treated with a Cho-Pat brace
Osgood Schlatter's
131
avulsion of the ischial tuberosity
Rider's bone
132
Fx of pars interarticularis w/ out slippage
spondylolysis
133
m/c dislocated carpal bone
lunate
134
Pie sign
lunate dislocation
135
Terry Thomas sign and Signet ring sign
scaphoid dislocation
136
chronic dislocation of this joint may present with Bankhart and/or Hill-Sacks/Hatchet deformity
GH
137
atlanto-occipital ligament calcifies forming the arcuate foramen
posterior ponticle
138
increased ADI and atlantoaxial instability
Down's synd
139
smooth, wide, lucent defect b/t body of C2 and dens
Os Odontoideum.
140
wasp waist and hypoplastic disc
congenital block
141
short webbed neck, low hair line, and decreased ROM
Klippel-Feil synd
142
multiple congenital blocks, Sprengle's deformity, and omovertebral bone
Klippel-Feil synd
143
contralateral pedicle hypertrophy and sclerosis
pedicle agenesis
144
ossification failure of the vertebral body center
butterfly vertebra
145
failure of lateral ossification center
hemivertebrae
146
isolated wedged vertebrae --> scoliosis
hemivertebrae
147
gibbus deformity
hemivertebrae
148
failure of laminar fusion with elevated alpha fetoprotein and folic acid deficiency
spina bifida
149
L5 TP's fuse or form joints with sacrum
sacralization
150
asymmetric articular planes m/c at L5/S1
facet tropism
151
spina bifida of S1 and L5 spinous enlargement
knife clasp syndrome
152
"hair on end" skull and "H" shaped vertebrae causing vasculature collapse.
sickle cell anemia
153
hereditary disorder of hemoglobin synthesis (microcytic hypochromic anemia)
thalassemia
154
widened epiphysis --> "erlynmeyer flask deformity and "hair on end" skull appearance
thalassemia
155
overactive parathyroid increases calcium and decreases phosphorus causing renal calculi and "brown tumors"
hyperparathyroidism
156
central geographic osteopenia in bones
brown tumors
157
"salt and pepper" skull, "rugger-jersey spine", and increased alk phos
hyperparathyroidism
158
hereditary absence of marrow, anemia, and hepatosplenomegaly.
osteopetrosis
159
"bone within a bone" (early), and "sandwich vertebrae" (late)
osteopetrosis
160
seen at growth plates (long bones esp) w/ muscle tetany and weakness
rickets
161
bone deformity and lucency with "paintbrush metaphysis"
rickets
162
absent zone of provisional calcification
"paintbrush metaphysis"
