Final Exam

Question 1

The Triple Entente

Answer 1

The alliance between the countries of Russia, Great Britain, and France in WW1

Question 2

The Triple Alliance

Answer 2

The alliance between the countries of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in WW1

Question 3

Sam Hughes

Answer 3

The Canadian minister of militia who was responsible for preparing the Canadian army. He is prominent is WW1 because of the both good and bad things he did for the Canadian army such as no segregating troop, keeping Canadians together, wasting money on terrible equipment among other good and bad things.

Question 4

Franz Ferdinand

Answer 4

The archduke of Austria and the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. He was prominent in WW1 because his assassination on June 28 1914, in contribution with other factors, led to the start of WW1 with Austria l-Hungary declaring war on Serbia

Question 5

Billy Bishop

Answer 5

A Canadian flying ace in WW1. He played an important role during the war because of his excellent flying and shooting abilities along with his success on his mission.

Question 6

Imperialism

Answer 6

The belief that to be a great nation, a country must take over other countries. One of the causes of WW1

Question 7

The Battle of Ypres

Answer 7

A battle in 1915 between the British Empire, France, and Belgium against the German Empire. This battle was significant as it was the first time that Germans mass used poison gas in the war. When the gas attack occurred, the Canadian troops held the line while other allied troops fled.

Question 8

The Battle of Vimy Ridge

Answer 8

A battle in 1917 between Canada and the United Kingdom against the German Empire. In this battle, the Canadian troops advanced behind a curtain of artillery fire to prevent the Germans from reaching their machine guns. The four Canadian divisions fought together for the first time and achieved one of the few clear victories of the war by capturing the ridge.

Question 9

The Battle of Somme

Answer 9

A battle in 1916 between the British Empire and France against the German Empire. The allied plan was to bomb the Germans with artillery for a week and then march over the top of the trenches, shoulder to shoulder, hoping the Germans would be too dead to defend. The allies were wrong and the Germans easily killed the marching attackers using machine guns.

Question 10

Victory Bonds

Answer 10

Loans to the government from citizens. The citizens money was used to contribute to the army and when the war was over, the citizens could redeem their bonds and get the money back with additional interest on top. In WW1, many pieces of propaganda were released to convince people to purchase these bonds

Question 11

Rationing

Answer 11

Rationing was used in WW1 and other times of war to save food, fuel and other supplies so they could be shipped to Europe to help the allies. The Canadian government encouraged all Canadians to use less of everything by releasing propaganda along with other restrictions.

Question 12

Conscription (Crisis in WW1 WW2)

Answer 12

Mandatory enrolment of people into military service. During the beginning of WW1 Canada only sent those who volunteered to fight oversees. By 1917, PM Robert Borden decided that conscription was needed. On August 29, the military service act was passed, allowing conscription to occur in Canada

Question 13

The Group of Seven

Answer 13

A group of expert Canadian landscape artists formed in 1920. The group believed a distinct Canadian art style could be developed through contact with nature. The group of seven were the most influential artists during the depression until the disband in 1933

Question 14

The Allies

Answer 14

The alliance between the countries of the USA, the USSR, Great Britain, and France in WW2

Question 15

The Axis

Answer 15

The alliance between the countries of Nazi Germany, Japan, and Italy during WW2

Question 16

Trade Unions

Answer 16

An organization of workers who try to achieve fair working conditions including things such as hours, wages, etc. Unions usually have left wing ideologies. In Canada, unions first became widespread after WW1, when soldiers returned from war and began fighting for benefits and compensation along with actually getting a job

Question 17

Prohibition

Answer 17

The passing of laws in Canada and the United States that banned the sale manufacture and distribution of alcohol. In Canada, alcohol could still be produced and sold to other countries which made the smuggling of alcohol from Canada to the US very common during prohibition. During the time of prohibition, crime was high as smuggling operations were everywhere. Prohibition was eventually repealed after the government realized it did more harm than good. This lasted from 1920 - 1933

Question 18

The Roaring 20’s

Answer 18

This was the name later given to the 1920’s. This was because of how the 20’s were a time of growth, innovation and prosperity. After WW1, people were allowed to live their lives freely without rationing. This led to a growth in consumerism and in the development of new products. There was also a growth in the use of credit and in the stock market. Overtime, the stocks became in great excess of their value, leading to the market crash, starting the Great Depression and ending the Roaring 20’s

Question 19

Tariff

Answer 19

A tax a country puts on another country’s imports and exports. These are used by governments to generate revenue or protect domestic industries from competition in other countries.

Question 20

Buying on Margin

Answer 20

Borrowing money from the bank to buy stocks using credit. This was one of the factors causing the stock market crash as many people though it would be safe to buy stocks on credit and make enough money back to pay it off. Unfortunately, many people were wrong.

Question 21

Black Tuesday

Answer 21

The final day of the stock market crash of 1929. October 29, 1929 was the day panic selling reached its peak and about 16 million shares were traded. Many financial giants tried to stabilize the market but ultimately failed. At the end of the day $14 billion dollars was lost.

Question 22

The Treaty of Versailles

Answer 22

The peace treaty that officially ended WW1. It was signed on June 28, 1919 in Versailles. The treaty required Germany to accept responsibility for loses and damages during the war along with disarming, giving up territory, and paying countries involved in the war.

Question 23

The Great Depression

Answer 23

The time of serve economic depression after the stock market crash lasting from 1929 - 1939. During this time, unemployment was at an all time high, the value of money fell, prices fell and the development of infrastructure stopped. Many people became severely short on money, and some began to travel the country by train looking for food, work, or any source of money. This became known as riding the rails. The effects of the depression did not completely disappear until the start of WW2

Question 24

The League of Nations

Answer 24

An organization of many countries formed after WW1 dedicated to maintaining world peace. The League of Nations lasted until 1946 when it was succeeded by the United Nations. The start of WW2 showed that the League of Nations failed, partially because the US never joined and that the USSR, Germany, Japan, and Spain all left.

Question 25

Globalization

Answer 25

The apparent shrinking of distance and time as more businesses and organizations begin operation on an international scale and communication technologies become more developed.

Question 26

Operation Barbarossa

Answer 26

The code name for the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union. Over the course of the operation, about three million soldiers invaded the western Soviet Union making it the largest invasion in the history of war. The invasion broke the non aggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union as Hitler became suspicious of the intentions of Joseph Stalin, and felt that he could not wait until he took over Europe to deal with the USSR

Question 27

Why did Operation Barbarossa fail?

Answer 27

1) The Russians were better prepared for winter than the Germans. Russia’s equipment was better geared to the snow and winter conditions and Russians were more accustomed to cold temperatures.
2) Russia had more soldiers than Germany. The manpower of Russia overpowered the Germans especially as winter arrived.
3) Russia received American tanks and weapons, helping to overpower the Germans

Question 28

The Maginot Line

Answer 28

A line of concrete fortifications, obstacles, and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany. This was built in response to the trench warfare that occurred in WW1. At the start of WW2 this line was impractical as trench warfare was no longer used and the Germans just flanked the line through Belgium making it effectively useless.

Question 29

Blitzkrieg

Answer 29

In English, means lightning warfare. This was the strategy that was used by the Nazis while invading many of the European countries in WW2. This type of warfare is led by a fleet of dive bombers and bombers to take out the enemy’s airplanes and other military targets, followed by tanks rolling in immediately after and then ground troops advancing into the country. This strategy was effective in most European countries with the exception of Britain

Question 30

Joseph Stalin

Answer 30

The leader of the Soviet Union from from the mid–1920s until 1953. Stalin ruled by terror and killed millions of his own citizens. Even though Stalin did many awful things to his people both in and out of war time, including starving his people and the scorched earth policy, during WW2, he helped defeat the German army in Russia, clear the Nazis out of Eastern Europe, and liberate many Nazi concentration camps including Auschwitz.

Question 31

Oscar Schindler

Answer 31

A factory owner during WW2 who is credited with saving the lives of 1200 Jews from extermination by the Nazis. Even as a member of the Nazi party, Schindler became appalled when he saw the liquidation of the ghetto by the Nazis. From that day on, Schindler decided to do whatever it took to save as many Jews as possible. In the end, using incredibly large amounts of money to bribe Amon Goeth, a Nazi commander, Schindler managed to purchase the lives of more than a thousand Jews, so they could “work for him” in reality saving their lives.

Question 32

Isolationist

Answer 32

The policy isolating one’s country from the affairs of other nations by declining to enter into alliances, foreign economic commitments, international agreements, or wars, seeking to devote the entire efforts of one’s country to its own advancement and remain at peace by avoiding foreign entanglements and responsibilities.

Question 33

Fredrick Banting

Answer 33

A Canadian scientist and doctor. He is prominent because he was one of the people who helped discover insulin. Banting along with his partner, Charles Best, worked to develop insulin from the pancreas of animals such as cows and won the Nobel Prize in 1923. Banting sold the insulin patent for $1 so it would be available to everyone.

Question 34

On-to-Ottawa Trek

Answer 34

A protest in 1935 during the Great Depression by relief camp workers demanding higher wages and better working conditions in the relief camps. The trekkers left their camps, jumped on freight trains, and planned to take their demands to the Prime Minister in Ottawa

Question 35

Regina Riots

Answer 35

The event that ended the On-to-Ottawa Trek. By June 1935, trekkers had reached Regina, Saskatchewan, which is where the government planned to stop them. Richard Bennett did not want other unemployed people joining the trekkers so he agreed to meet the trek leaders in Ottawa. The meeting failed so the trekkers returned to Regina. When the arrived back, the RCMP tried to arrest the leaders during a public meeting. When the police attacked, the crowd panicked and a riot started.

Question 36

The Famous 5

Answer 36

A group of women who fought for women to be able to become Canadian senators and hold public office. They are famous for the Persons Case in which the Privy Council gave women the right to hold public office.

Question 37

Persons Case

Answer 37

A legal case put forward by a group of women known as the famous five. This case was used to decide if women were allowed to hold public office on the basis that women were or were not persons. After losing many times, the women finally won at the Privy Council in 1929.

Question 38

Nellie McLung

Answer 38

One of the women who were part of the famous five, who fought for women’s rights, and who won the persons case in 1929.

Question 39

Grace Macpherson

Answer 39

An ambulance driver from Canada in WW1. She was prominent because in those days, many jobs were seen as men only jobs. An ambulance driver from the front lines to the hospital was seen as one of those jobs, but Grace defied the odds and became an ambulance driver in the war anyway.

Question 40

Edith Cavell

Answer 40

A British nurse in WWW. She was prominent because of how she helped injured soldiers from both the Central Powers and the Allied Forces. These acts later led to her execution on accusations of treason.

Question 41

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

Answer 41

An international alliance of 29 member countries. The main belief of NATO is the treaty states that if an armed attack occurs against one of the member states, it is considered an attack against all members, and other members will assist the attacked member, with armed forces if necessary. Their current focus is on fighting terrorism in the Middle East following 9/11.

Question 42

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Answer 42

A former president of the United States and the general in charge of organizing the D-Day invasion.

Question 43

Winston Churchill

Answer 43

The Prime Minister of Britain from 1940 to 1945, during the later years of WW2. As Prime Minister, Churchill led Britain to victory in Europe and is considered one of the 20th Century’s greatest leaders.

Question 44

The Nuremberg Trials

Answer 44

The trials of many Nazis for their war crimes and their crimes against humanity in 1945 and 1946. Judges from the Allied powers including Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States presided over the hearings of twenty-two major Nazi criminals. Twelve prominent Nazis were sentenced to death.

Question 45

The Schlieffen Plan

Answer 45

A war plan created before WW1 by General Von Schlieffen. This plan was behind the German invasion of Belgium and France in WW1. The plan was that Germany would attack France first by traveling through Belgium, and take Paris in about 3 weeks. France would surrender once Paris was taken, and then Germany would attack Russia.

Question 46

The St. Louis

Answer 46

The ship that carried 937 Jews escaping from Nazi Germany. This ship tried to sail to Cuba to be taken to safety but was turned away. They later tried in the US and in Canada and were turned away both times.The Jewish passengers were able to return and live in Western Europe until the Nazis invaded. During the invasion, abut 250 of the passengers were killed.

Question 47

The Sudetenland

Answer 47

The historical German name for the northern, southern, and western areas of former Czechoslovakia which were inhabited primarily by Sudeten Germans.

Question 48

Communism

Answer 48

A political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs. Russia or the Soviet Union was communist during WW2 after the Russian revolution near the end of WW1.

Question 49

The Nuremberg Laws

Answer 49

The laws passed by Adolf Hitler in 1935 that allowed many of the things that the Nazi party believed to become legal. These included many things that oppressed the Jewish population including taking away their right to hold a German citizenship, preventing them from marrying German blooded people, preventing them from voting, along with many other laws.

Question 50

The Wartime Measures Act

Answer 50

An act invoked by the Canadian federal government during both world wars. The Act allowed Cabinet to bypass the House of Commons and the Senate to govern and gave the government full authority during wartime to censor and suppress communications; to arrest, detain and deport people without charges or trials; to control transportation, trade and manufacturing; and to seize private property. The Act controversially allowed the government to oppress people in Canada who were considered enemy aliens including German-Canadians during WW1 and Japanese-Canadians during WW2.

Question 51

Adolf Eichmann

Answer 51

A high ranking official in the Nazi army who was one of the major organizers of the Holocaust. He was in charge of facilitating and managing the logistics involved in the mass deportation of Jews to ghettos and extermination camps in Nazi occupied Europe during World War II. He was captured in Argentina on 11 May 1960 and found guilty of war crimes in a widely publicized trial in Jerusalem, Israel. Eichmann was executed by hanging in 1962.

Question 52

The Enabling Act

Answer 52

An act passed by the German government and signed by President Hindenburg in 1933. The Act gave Adolf Hitler the power to enact laws without the involvement of the Reichstag (German equivalent of the House of Commons). The Enabling Act gave Hitler power, removed most civil rights, and transferred state powers to the Reich government. This act helped transform Hitler’s government into a legal dictatorship.

Question 53

The Battle of Britain

Answer 53

A battle in 1940 between Canada (RCAF) and the United Kingdom (RAF) against Nazi Germany (Luftwaffe) and Italy (CAI). This battle was significant since it was when the RAF defended the United Kingdom from attacks by Nazi Germany’s air force. It was the first major military campaign fought entirely by air forces. The primary objective of the German forces was to bomb Britain into submission and make them agree to a peace settlement. Britain refused and fought swarms of planes along with surviving nighttime bombings of major cities. In the end the British won and continued to fight in the war against the Nazis.

Question 54

Residential Schools

Answer 54

Residential schools were government-sponsored religious schools established to assimilate Indigenous children into Canadian culture. Aboriginal children who were sent to residential schools were removed from their families and the influence of their culture, forced to speak English of French, and exposed to abuse. Many children were killed in residential schools although the death count was never recorded and many children were buried in unmarked graves our went missing and were never found. It wasn’t until years later that the Canadian government apologized for these acts done in residential schools.

Question 55

The Attack on Pearl Harbor

Answer 55

A surprise military strike by the Japanese against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor. 353 Japanese aircraft attacked the base and killed 2,335 Americans along with sinking or damaging 19 ships and 340 aircraft. This act led the United States to enter WW2 and start fighting in the war in the Pacific.

Question 56

Women’s Role in War

Answer 56

WW1 ) Women had the ability to serve as war nurses and medics at the front lines. Back at home, women gained the ability to vote and began to take on many new positions in factories and other jobs seen as “men only” work. This is due to the fact that many of the men who previously help these jobs were away fighting and there was no one to fill them. WW1 led to a changing role for women in society.

WW2 ) Women once again received similar roles as in WW1 however they were now allowed to join the military. In WW2, women were now able to serve in battle, drive trucks, repair airplanes, serve as radio operators, fly military aircraft and many more new military roles.

Question 57

The Battle of Hong Kong

Answer 57

A battle in 1941 between the United Kingdom and China against Japan. On the same morning as the attack on Pearl Harbor, forces of the Empire of Japan attacked the Hong Kong which was a British colony at the time. The attack was in violation of international law as Japan had not declared war against the British Empire. Within a week the defenders abandoned the mainland and less than two weeks later, surrendered.

Question 58

Lend-Lease Agreement

Answer 58

An act passed by the United States in 1941. This act was the principal means for providing U.S. military aid to foreign nations during World War II. The act authorized the president to send weapons or any other defense materials to the government of any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States. Britain, the Soviet Union, China, Brazil, and many other countries received weapons under this law.

Question 59

The Italian Campaign

Answer 59

Canada’s longest army campaign in WW2. The Allies ended up taking down the Italian dictator, Mussolini and removed fascism from Italy with casualties during the campaign totaling about 320,000. Although the Italian Government surrendered, the Germans seized control and it was German troops that the Allies faced in their advance up Italy other than in Sicily.

Question 60

Hyper-inflation in Germany

Answer 60

To pay for the large costs of the ongoing First World War, the German Emperor decided to fund the war entirely by borrowing unlike many other countries who introduced taxes. The government believed that it would be able to pay off the debt by winning the war, but the strategy failed when Germany lost. Germany had a massive war debt that it could not afford. The Treaty of Versailles required Germany to pay money to countries affected by the war which in turn caused them to over print money, devaluing the money. Since reparations had to be paid in hard currency, Germany used was the mass printing of bank notes to buy foreign currency, which was then used to pay reparations. This greatly increased the inflation of their money. This continued to spiral out of control for sometime as by 1923 a loaf of bread cost 200,000,000,000 Marks.

Question 61

David Suzuki

Answer 61

A Canadian academic, science broadcaster and environmental activist. Suzuki’s family suffered internment in British Columbia from early during the Second World War until after the war ended in 1945. The government sold the Suzuki family’s dry-cleaning business, then interned Suzuki, his mother, and two sisters in a camp in British Columbia. His father had been sent to a labour camp two months earlier.

Question 62

D-Day

Answer 62

The Normandy landings were the landing operations on June 6 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy, France. Codenamed Operation Neptune and often referred to as D-Day, it was the largest seaborne invasion in history. The operation began the liberation of Nazi-occupied France and the Allied victory on the Western Front. The Normandy coast was divided into five sectors: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno and Sword. The men landed under heavy fire from guns overlooking the beaches. The shore was mined and covered with obstacles such as wooden stakes, metal tripods, and barbed wire, making the work of the beach-clearing teams difficult and dangerous. Allied casualties reached 156,000 and were heaviest at Omaha.

Question 63

Juno Beach

Answer 63

One of five beaches of the Allied invasion of German-occupied France in the Normandy landings on June 6 1944. Taking Juno was the responsibility of the Canadian Army, with sea transport, mine sweeping, and a naval bombardment force provided by the Royal Canadian Navy, the British Royal Navy along with the French, Norwegian, and other Allied navies. The main objective of the Canadian Infantry Division on D-Day was to cut off main roads and form a link between the two British beaches on either side. The Canadians had succeeded in pushing farther inland than any other landing force on D-Day.

Question 64

The Dieppe Raid

Answer 64

The Canadians attempted to raid France at Dieppe in 1942. This raid was carried out in order to help the Soviets on the Eastern Front by distracting the Nazi’s on the Western Front, give Canadian Troops stationed in England battle experience, and to practice for bigger scale invasions of Nazi occupied Europe.

Question 65

Why was Dieppe such a failure.

Answer 65

1) The Nazis found out, removing the Allies element of surprise
2) The Allied battleships could not get close enough to land to help out without getting getting shot
3) Poor communication between soldiers and battleships at sea
4) There were not enough RAF bombers used to support the Canadian soldiers

Question 66

The Atomic Bomb, Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Answer 66

The United States created and used the worlds first atomic bomb to convince the Japanese military to surrender. The US dropped two atomic bombs, one on Hiroshima, and on Nagasaki, killing 200,000 innocent civilians, convincing the Japanese to surrender. The Americans dropped these bombs to make the Japanese surrender, get revenge for Pearl Harbour, and to scare the Soviets.

Question 67

UN Mission in Rwanda

Answer 67

Mass genocide was occurring in the country with the Hutus killing the Tutsis. In 100 days 10% of Rwanda’s population was killed. Canada took part in peacekeeping efforts to make sure peace agreements were respected by both sides. Canada’s response did nothing to stop the genocide as there was not enough troops to make an effect.