Final Exam Flashcards
How are stereotypes and prejudice still present today?
- There is still social distance (residential and educational)
- Negative racial stereotypes are still widespread (accounts of racial inequality are now cultural instead of biological)
- Gradational instead of categorical
Stereotypes
an exaggerated belief associated with a category
-Knowledge and endorsement
Prejudice
An antipathy based on a faulty and inflexible generalization. It can be felt or expressed (implicit versus explicit)
What are the theories of group portrayals?
- Cultivation theory
- Schema theory
- Internalization
- Social-cognitive comparisons
- Social-Emotional Self-Discrepancy
Cultivation theory
the gradual and cumulative process of shaping a person’s belief that the real-world resembles the mediated world
What are the mechanisms of cultivation theory?
- Accessibility principle - how close is it to the top of my mind?
- Drench hypothesis - immediate change
- Drip-drip-drip hypothesis - gradual
How does cultivation relate to experienced reality?
- Mainstreaming - getting swept in (people in safe areas afraid of crime)
- Resonance - when experienced reality and symbolic reality agree
Schema
a cognitive structure that represents knowledge about a concept or a type of stimulus, including its attributes and the relations among those attributes
Gender schemas
very strong - because gender is salient from a very young age. Schemas for in-group gender tend to be stronger than schemas for out-groups. Schemas about femininity are more flexible than masculinity.
How do children form schemas?
- Observing in-group models to learn what to do
- Observing out-group models to learn what not to do
- Seeing conformity content
- Disregarding content that disconfirms
Internalization
the process by which media depictions extend normative beliefs about the world to beliefs and attitudes about the self
social-cognitive comparisons
comparing self to the ideal type
Social-emotional discrepancy
- Actual-Ideal Self Discrepancy - the perceived self falls significantly short of the ideal self
- Actual-ought discrepancy- the perceived self falls significantly short of the self one believes others feel he or she ought to be
What are the consequences of discrepancies
the 3 d’s: disappointment, despair, and dejection
How many US adults use the internet?
89%
New media
- technological capabilities (materials)
- communication properties (interactive)
- Nature of the audience (one to one, one to many vs many to many)
- Nature of privacy (known senders and anonymous uses vs anonymous senders and known users)
- Flow of communication (one-way vs two-way)
- Distinctions between producers and receivers (clear roles vs blurred roles)
Have our contexts of social life online changed?
Yes - social, work, play, surveillance, commerce, advice
What percentage of adults use social media?
69%
What impacts if someone uses social media or not?
Age, SES
Social interaction (traditional definition)
involves people communicating face to face, acting and reacting in relation to other people
Presentation of the self in everyday life
our focus is on impression management - trying to make a favorable self-image so we don’t get kicked out
What are the two types of social interaction?
Front stage
Backstage
What are some pros and cons of social media use?
- Activism
- Finding like-minded individuals
- cyberbullying
E-identity
A part of the E-personality. A virtual whole that is greater than its parts and that despite not being real, is full of life and vitality (result of all these online interactions). You, but better.
