Final Exam Flashcards
Round wires accomplish every movement as a rectangular wire except what two types of movement?
Root torque
Translation
What is the general progression of wires in treatment?
NiTi round
SS round
NiTi rectangular
SS rectangular
What are the 5 steps of bonding brackets in order?
Etch
Sealer (bonding agent)
Cure
Cement Bracket
Cure
What is class 1 occlusion?
The MB cusp of the upper molar occluded in the buccal groove of the lower molar
What is the Bolton analysis?
Measure each tooth width and compare the sum of the widths with the actual arch dimension to determine crowding or spacing.
Describe the extraction guidelines in regards to arch discrepancy
Less than 4mm - rarely extract (except severe incisor protrusion)
5-9mm - non extraction or extraction
Greater than or equal to 10mm = extraction likely
What is the maximum forward movement for mandibular incisors?
2mm or determined by attached gingiva
2mm of anterior Movement creates 4mm of space
What do class 2 elastics do?
Move upper teeth back and lower teeth forward
Placing a bracket more appically will result in…
A crown that is moved more incisally
Describe the bracket placement of the central, lateral, and canine
Central = center of crown
Lateral = 0.5mm incisal to center of crown
Canine = 0.5mm apical to center of crown
What are the 3 goals of orthodontic treatment?
Esthetics
Occlusion
Stability
True or false… endodontically treated teeth respond to orthodontic treatment the same as non-endodontically treated teeth
True
Periodontal health issues must be treated ____ orthodontic treatment
Before
Prolonged orthodontic treatment should be avoided in patients with:
Diabetes
Juvenile arthritis
Bisphosphonate treatment
What is the most common systemic problem encountered in orthodontics that can complicate treatment?
Diabetes/prediabetes
how does uncontrolled diabetes affect the periodontal response to orthodontic forces?
Rapid alveolar bone loss can occur and accelerated periodontal breakdown
Activation at appointments should be performed no sooner than ___. Why?
Every 3 weeks.
Undermining resorption takes 7-14 days
The amount of force it takes to move a tooth directly corresponds to:
Root surface area.
Define the following types of anchorage
Reciprocal
Reinforced
Stationary
Cortical
Skeletal
Reciprocal - teeth pulling towards each other
Reinforced - multiple teeth being used as anchors
Stationary - using a tooth that needs to translate as an anchor
Cortical - thick bone from a previously extracted tooth is difficult for a tooth to move through
Skeletal - head gear
What is a sign of heavy force or traumatic occlusion?
Excessive mobility
True or false.. a small degree of bilateral facial asymmetry is normal with the left side of face usually being larger
False. Although asymmetry is normal, the right side is usually larger
In regards to vertical facial proportions, upper and middle 3rds are equal and the lower 1/3 is ___
Longer
What is common with steep or flat mandibular plane angles?
Steep - longer anterior face vertical dimension, open bite
Flat - equals short anterior facial height and deep bite
What is doliocephalic?
Adenoid faces = long face type
Describe the long face type
High mandibular plane angle
Anterior open bite
Mandibular deficiency
Incisors thrust forward.
Describe the short face type (brachiocephalic)
Horizontal palatal plane
Low mandibular plane angle
Deep bite
Crowded incisors
Where are the primate spaces located in the maxilla and mandible?
Maxilla - between the lateral incisor and canine
Mandible - between the canine and the first molar
What is leeway space?
Created from the size differences of the primary molars and the erupting premolars
How much leeway space is present in the maxilla and mandible?
Maxilla = 1.5mm per side of arch
Mandible = 2.5mm per side of arch
how long does pain last after orthodontic activation?
2-4 days after activation
Pain can be controlled with NSAIDS or acetaminophen
Describe the root changes from orthodontics
Shorter but not thinner
1/4 or more of root resorption and the treatment should be stopped.
In regards to the sizing of wires…
0.1 inch = ?
16mil = ?
1 mil
.4mm
If the couple force is greater than the tipping force ___ occurs
Root torque
If the couple force is less than the tipping force ___ occurs
Tipping
If the couple force is equal to the tipping force ___ occurs
Translation
Invisalign is a poor treatment choice for what types of movement?
Extrusion
Rotation
Translation
What is the most common bracket and wire treatment technique?
Edgewise
What are the three different treatment options for white spot lesions after orthodontics?
Natural remineralization for 6 months (without fluoride)
External bleaching followed with fluoride
Microabrasion and MI paste
Ceramic brackets are more…
Esthetic
Large
Abrasive
Damaging when removed
In regards to bracket angulation, positive = ___ inclined. Negative = ___ inclined.
Buccally
Lingually
What is normal overjet and overbite?
2mm
Teeth erupt with ___ of its root is formed
2/3rd
The root finishes forming ___ years after eruption. All teeth are finished forming at age ___ (except 3rd molars)
3
15
The smile arch of the maxillary teeth should…..
Follow the natural curve of the lower lip
What age should the first panoramic radiograph be taken on every child
Age 8
True or false… in regards to pregnancy, orthodontic treatment should not begin until the baby is delivered
True
What should you do if the patient becomes pregnant during orthodontic treatment?
Do not activate the arch wires during the 3rd trimester to limit stress on the body.
S
Sella
Center of the pituitary fossa of the sphenoid bone. Considered to be the most stable point in a growing skull from a cephalometric standpoint.
N
Nation
Intersection of the internasal suture with the nasofrontal suture in the midsagittal plane
Or
Orbitale
Lowest point of the floor of the orbit, the most inferior point of the external border of the orbital cavity (bisected)
Po
Porion
The point on the upper most portion of the external auditory meatus (bisected)
ANS
Anterior nasal spine
Posterior limit of the bony palate
A point
Deepest point of the curve of the maxilla, between anterior nasal spine and the dental alveolus. Usually located just opposite the root tip of the central incisor.
B point
Most posterior point in the concavity along the anterior border of the symphysis, usually opposite the root tip of the mandibular incisor. Represents the anterior limit of the mandibular base
Pog
Pogonion
The most anterior point on the anterior curvature of the mandibular symphysis
Gn
Gnathion
The most outward and exerted point on the profile curvature of the symphysis of the mandible, located midway between the pogonion and the menton
Go
Gonion
The point at the middle curvature at the angle of the mandible. Represents the junction of the ramus and the body of the mandible as its posterior inferior aspect (bisected)
Me
Menton
Most inferior point on the mandibular symphysis
SN
Sella - Nasion
Plane formed by connecting S point to N point
FH
Frankfort Horizontal
Formed by connecting porion and orbitale
PP
Palatal plane
Formed by a line connecting anterior nasal spine to posterior nasal spine
OP
Occlusal plane
Formed by a line connecting the distal cusp of the mandibular first molar and the incisal edge of the mandibular incisors
MP
Mandibular plane
A line is drawn form menton to gonion
Y-axis
S-Gn
A line connecting the sella to the gnathion. This line is used as an indicator for vertical facial growth tendency
What does it mean if ANB is greater than 4 degrees?
Class II skeletal profile
What does it mean if ANB is less than 0 degrees?
Class III skeletal profile
