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Advanced Orthodontics > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Round wires accomplish every movement as a rectangular wire except what two types of movement?

A

Root torque

Translation

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2
Q

What is the general progression of wires in treatment?

A

NiTi round

SS round

NiTi rectangular

SS rectangular

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3
Q

What are the 5 steps of bonding brackets in order?

A

Etch

Sealer (bonding agent)

Cure

Cement Bracket

Cure

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4
Q

What is class 1 occlusion?

A

The MB cusp of the upper molar occluded in the buccal groove of the lower molar

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5
Q

What is the Bolton analysis?

A

Measure each tooth width and compare the sum of the widths with the actual arch dimension to determine crowding or spacing.

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6
Q

Describe the extraction guidelines in regards to arch discrepancy

A

Less than 4mm - rarely extract (except severe incisor protrusion)

5-9mm - non extraction or extraction

Greater than or equal to 10mm = extraction likely

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7
Q

What is the maximum forward movement for mandibular incisors?

A

2mm or determined by attached gingiva

2mm of anterior Movement creates 4mm of space

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8
Q

What do class 2 elastics do?

A

Move upper teeth back and lower teeth forward

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9
Q

Placing a bracket more appically will result in…

A

A crown that is moved more incisally

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10
Q

Describe the bracket placement of the central, lateral, and canine

A

Central = center of crown

Lateral = 0.5mm incisal to center of crown

Canine = 0.5mm apical to center of crown

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11
Q

What are the 3 goals of orthodontic treatment?

A

Esthetics

Occlusion

Stability

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12
Q

True or false… endodontically treated teeth respond to orthodontic treatment the same as non-endodontically treated teeth

A

True

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13
Q

Periodontal health issues must be treated ____ orthodontic treatment

A

Before

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14
Q

Prolonged orthodontic treatment should be avoided in patients with:

A

Diabetes

Juvenile arthritis

Bisphosphonate treatment

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15
Q

What is the most common systemic problem encountered in orthodontics that can complicate treatment?

A

Diabetes/prediabetes

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16
Q

how does uncontrolled diabetes affect the periodontal response to orthodontic forces?

A

Rapid alveolar bone loss can occur and accelerated periodontal breakdown

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17
Q

Activation at appointments should be performed no sooner than ___. Why?

A

Every 3 weeks.

Undermining resorption takes 7-14 days

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18
Q

The amount of force it takes to move a tooth directly corresponds to:

A

Root surface area.

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19
Q

Define the following types of anchorage

Reciprocal

Reinforced

Stationary

Cortical

Skeletal

A

Reciprocal - teeth pulling towards each other

Reinforced - multiple teeth being used as anchors

Stationary - using a tooth that needs to translate as an anchor

Cortical - thick bone from a previously extracted tooth is difficult for a tooth to move through

Skeletal - head gear

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20
Q

What is a sign of heavy force or traumatic occlusion?

A

Excessive mobility

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21
Q

True or false.. a small degree of bilateral facial asymmetry is normal with the left side of face usually being larger

A

False. Although asymmetry is normal, the right side is usually larger

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22
Q

In regards to vertical facial proportions, upper and middle 3rds are equal and the lower 1/3 is ___

A

Longer

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23
Q

What is common with steep or flat mandibular plane angles?

A

Steep - longer anterior face vertical dimension, open bite

Flat - equals short anterior facial height and deep bite

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24
Q

What is doliocephalic?

A

Adenoid faces = long face type

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25
Q

Describe the long face type

A

High mandibular plane angle

Anterior open bite

Mandibular deficiency

Incisors thrust forward.

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26
Q

Describe the short face type (brachiocephalic)

A

Horizontal palatal plane

Low mandibular plane angle

Deep bite

Crowded incisors

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27
Q

Where are the primate spaces located in the maxilla and mandible?

A

Maxilla - between the lateral incisor and canine

Mandible - between the canine and the first molar

28
Q

What is leeway space?

A

Created from the size differences of the primary molars and the erupting premolars

29
Q

How much leeway space is present in the maxilla and mandible?

A

Maxilla = 1.5mm per side of arch

Mandible = 2.5mm per side of arch

30
Q

how long does pain last after orthodontic activation?

A

2-4 days after activation

Pain can be controlled with NSAIDS or acetaminophen

31
Q

Describe the root changes from orthodontics

A

Shorter but not thinner

1/4 or more of root resorption and the treatment should be stopped.

32
Q

In regards to the sizing of wires…

0.1 inch = ?

16mil = ?

A

1 mil

.4mm

33
Q

If the couple force is greater than the tipping force ___ occurs

A

Root torque

34
Q

If the couple force is less than the tipping force ___ occurs

A

Tipping

35
Q

If the couple force is equal to the tipping force ___ occurs

A

Translation

36
Q

Invisalign is a poor treatment choice for what types of movement?

A

Extrusion

Rotation

Translation

37
Q

What is the most common bracket and wire treatment technique?

A

Edgewise

38
Q

What are the three different treatment options for white spot lesions after orthodontics?

A

Natural remineralization for 6 months (without fluoride)

External bleaching followed with fluoride

Microabrasion and MI paste

39
Q

Ceramic brackets are more…

A

Esthetic

Large

Abrasive

Damaging when removed

40
Q

In regards to bracket angulation, positive = ___ inclined. Negative = ___ inclined.

A

Buccally

Lingually

41
Q

What is normal overjet and overbite?

A

2mm

42
Q

Teeth erupt with ___ of its root is formed

A

2/3rd

43
Q

The root finishes forming ___ years after eruption. All teeth are finished forming at age ___ (except 3rd molars)

A

3

15

44
Q

The smile arch of the maxillary teeth should…..

A

Follow the natural curve of the lower lip

45
Q

What age should the first panoramic radiograph be taken on every child

A

Age 8

46
Q

True or false… in regards to pregnancy, orthodontic treatment should not begin until the baby is delivered

A

True

47
Q

What should you do if the patient becomes pregnant during orthodontic treatment?

A

Do not activate the arch wires during the 3rd trimester to limit stress on the body.

48
Q

S

A

Sella

Center of the pituitary fossa of the sphenoid bone. Considered to be the most stable point in a growing skull from a cephalometric standpoint.

49
Q

N

A

Nation

Intersection of the internasal suture with the nasofrontal suture in the midsagittal plane

50
Q

Or

A

Orbitale

Lowest point of the floor of the orbit, the most inferior point of the external border of the orbital cavity (bisected)

51
Q

Po

A

Porion

The point on the upper most portion of the external auditory meatus (bisected)

52
Q

ANS

A

Anterior nasal spine

Posterior limit of the bony palate

53
Q

A point

A

Deepest point of the curve of the maxilla, between anterior nasal spine and the dental alveolus. Usually located just opposite the root tip of the central incisor.

54
Q

B point

A

Most posterior point in the concavity along the anterior border of the symphysis, usually opposite the root tip of the mandibular incisor. Represents the anterior limit of the mandibular base

55
Q

Pog

A

Pogonion

The most anterior point on the anterior curvature of the mandibular symphysis

56
Q

Gn

A

Gnathion

The most outward and exerted point on the profile curvature of the symphysis of the mandible, located midway between the pogonion and the menton

57
Q

Go

A

Gonion

The point at the middle curvature at the angle of the mandible. Represents the junction of the ramus and the body of the mandible as its posterior inferior aspect (bisected)

58
Q

Me

A

Menton

Most inferior point on the mandibular symphysis

59
Q

SN

A

Sella - Nasion

Plane formed by connecting S point to N point

60
Q

FH

A

Frankfort Horizontal

Formed by connecting porion and orbitale

61
Q

PP

A

Palatal plane

Formed by a line connecting anterior nasal spine to posterior nasal spine

62
Q

OP

A

Occlusal plane

Formed by a line connecting the distal cusp of the mandibular first molar and the incisal edge of the mandibular incisors

63
Q

MP

A

Mandibular plane

A line is drawn form menton to gonion

64
Q

Y-axis

A

S-Gn

A line connecting the sella to the gnathion. This line is used as an indicator for vertical facial growth tendency

65
Q

What does it mean if ANB is greater than 4 degrees?

A

Class II skeletal profile

66
Q

What does it mean if ANB is less than 0 degrees?

A

Class III skeletal profile

Advanced Orthodontics (1 decks)

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