Final Exam

Question 1

Define Professionalism.

Answer 1

The internalized and habitual ways of thinking and acting that characterize the life and practice of the most admirable members of the dental profession.

Question 2

Do ethical questions have answers?

Answer 2

Dental ethical questions do because of the consensus between society and the profession

Question 3

What is the “commercial picture” of dentistry?

Answer 3

Dentists are like any other participant in the marketplace. They offer a service and require a fee.

Question 4

Define Coerce.

Answer 4

To compel. To cause someone to act in a way that they ordinarily would not. To cause someone to act through threats.

Question 5

Define Cheat.

Answer 5

To use any means to gain an unfair advantage.

Question 6

What does it mean to defraud someone?

Answer 6

illegally obtain money from (someone) by deception. If someone defrauds you, they take something away from you or stop you from getting what belongs to you by means of tricks and lies.

Question 7

What three obligations do participants/businesses have in the commercial marketplace?

Answer 7

To not coerce, cheat or defraud another participant in the marketplace.

Question 8

What is the first law of economics?

Answer 8

Everyone will do what is in their own best self-interest.

Question 9

In the commercial picture, do dentists have an obligation to act positively toward their consumers?

Answer 9

No, as long as they don’t coerce, cheat or defraud.

Question 10

Dentists possess a distinctive expertise that consists of both _________ __________ and ______ for applying it in practice

Answer 10

theoretical knowledge & skills

Question 11

Why is dentistry an exclusive expertise?

Answer 11

Because 1. it takes a great deal of time, money, sacrifice. 2. must be taught by experts, 3. the experts must determine if the new ones are competent

Question 12

What are the three kinds of trust people place in us (dentists)?

Answer 12

1. Trusting the person (that the dentist has the pt’s best interest in mind, instead of their own)
2. Trusting that (that we have the skills to treat them)
3. Trusting what (what we say is true cuz we’ve studied and have become licensed)

Question 13

What does it mean that dentists should operate in a trustworthy manner? What does that look like?

Answer 13

1. hold ourselves to higher level of honesty & integrity
2. practice within a “framework” of theory, knowledge, technique
3. dentists will conduct themselves according to norms set by the community and the profession
4. give priority to the pt’s well-being in accordance with dentists’ ethical standards

Question 14

What is the “guild model” of dentistry?

Answer 14

The dentist works as part of the profession and does not answer to society as a whole, but only the profession.
The dentist makes the decisions and the pt is passive.

Question 15

What the failures of the “guild model”?

Answer 15

1. the pt does not have autonomy when regarding their care

2. ignores that therapeutic alternatives are never value neutral

Question 16

What is the “agent model” of dentistry?

Answer 16

The agent model says that a profession doesn’t have any values of its own.
The only values that exist are the values of the patient or the entity that the profession serves.
It is completely a one-way-street

Question 17

What are the failures of the “agent model”?

Answer 17

it ignores the idea that each profession has certain values that it is committed to fostering for those it serves through its expertise

Question 18

What failure does the “commercial model” of dentistry have?

Answer 18

The patient’s needs have no special ethical importance to the dentist.
The patient (rational consumer) cannot fully understand reasonings for treatment, even when educated

Question 19

The ideal dentist-patient relationship must consist of…

Answer 19

empathetic communication, shared judgement, shared choice

Question 20

What kind of model represents the ideal dentist-patient relationship?

Answer 20

The Interactive Model

Question 21

How are the dentist and patient equal partners in the Interactive Model?

Answer 21

1. they’re both choosers that deserve each other’s respect
2. each has values est thru experiences
3. each cares for the patient’s oral health

Question 22

Define Autonomy.

Answer 22

A person’s choosing and acting on the basis of his or her own values, principles, goals, purposes or ideals of conduct

Question 23

What is Paternalism?

Answer 23

When one interferes in the autonomy of another person whose actions may harm or not benefit themselves.

Question 24

What does Dentistry’s Central Practice Values exist first-and-foremost to do what?

Answer 24

benefit the patients of dentistry

Question 25

What are the 6 central practice values?

Answer 25

1. The Patient’s Life and General Health
2. The Patient’s Oral Health
3. The Patient’s Autonomy
4. The Dentist’s Preferred Patterns of Practice
5. Aesthetic Values
6. Efficiency in the Use of Professional Resources

Question 26

What is the definition of Oral Health?

Answer 26

Appropriate and pain-free oral functioning

Question 27

Dentists habitualize all of their practice “preferences” into an overall practice philosophy, which, is acceptable
IF…

Answer 27

it falls within the parameters of what the profession and society deems appropriate, ethical, or technically competent.