final exam Flashcards
“Heiligenstadt Testament”
Beethoven’s hearing loss began in 1798. He wrote this letter talking about suicide. it was never sent and discovered 25 years later.
Fidelio
opera by Beethoven, longest piece he ever composed. Initially a flop and then revised
Eroica Symphony
by Beethoven, was described as heralding his new "heroic style" after going deaf. seems to express in music the struggles that Beethoven had tried to articulate #3
Pastorale Symphony
Beethoven’s 6th symphony, programmatic aspects and influenced later composers
Diabelli Variations
a set of variations for the piano written between 1819 and 1823 by Ludwig van Beethoven on a waltz composed by Anton Diabelli
Bagatelles
also called “trifles.” Beethoven wrote short piano pieces and were called this because it have indication of their weight in his mind.
Missa Solemnis
a mass by Beethoven in D major. late Beethoven. Sanctus- earlier comports generally set with grandeur and majesty. trumpets and timpais typically.
Much fugal/ contrapuntal writing
Janissary Music
Otto Deutsch
wrote a thematic catalog of Schubert’s works that was modeled on Kochel’s of Mozart. said Schubert wrote nearly 1000 works
“Unfinished” Symphony
Schubert’s 8th symphony, very influential. let to “Romanticization” of large scale instrumental forms. the manuscript breaks off after 2 pages of the 3rd movement scherzo. ends with a slow movement in the “wrong key”
“Trout” Quintet
Schubert’s piano quintet in A major. written for piano, violin, viola, cello and double bass instead of a normal piano and SQ.
Lied/Lieder
German origin. a new genre in the 19th century that was meant for consumption at home. short, small and meant for one or two players. a setting of a lyric poem for voice accompanied by piano.
Schubertiade
a salon-like even centered around Schubert, who performed his music and had party games such as charades. pretty much a gathering devoted to a composers work
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
German writer and statesman. His works include four novels; epic and lyric poetry; prose and verse dramas; memoirs; an autobiography; literary and aesthetic criticism; and treatises on botany, anatomy, and colour. In addition, there are numerous literary and scientific fragments, more than 10,000 letters, and nearly 3,000 drawings by him extant.
Strophic form*
a poem made of prosodically similar verse, set to a single more or less repeated musical stanza. Goethe’s “Heidenroslein” was this
Modified Strophic form
combined elements of strophic and “through-composed” styles. stanzas are varied to a degree but are still recognizable related by reccuring music.
Durchkomponiert (Through-composed)
music that is relatively continuous, non-sectional, and/or non repetitive; in a song a viable approach to both strophic and freely versified text
Song cycle
a set of songs grouped together by the composer, unified by a common theme, an accompanying narrative, or text authorship by one writer. used by Beethoven- An Die Ferne Geliebte
Opera Seria
“serious” style of Italian opera that dominated European music in the 18th century, alternation of recitative and area, focus on larger than life characters. Bellini, Donizetti, and Rossini
Opera Buffa
“comic opera”; applied first to Neapolitan Language works in the late Baroque, then to Italian works between 1750 and 1860 (Mozart and Rossini); rapid fire secco recitative, vigorous stage business, complex finale. dramatic fusion leading to peaceful resolution
Cavatina
the hero’s entrance
Cabaletta
“brilliant conclusion” the concluding faster section of a 2 part complex aria or duet in Italian opera. Rossini
Bel canto
defined by Bellini. Italian for “fine singing”; a term to describe the Italian operatic style of the Romantic era, featuring virtuostic coloratura vocal parts that emphasized the upper registers and paralleled increasingly emotional scenarios and louder, more dramatic orchestral accompaniments. used in Bellini’s opera Norma
